As more and more documents are created and archived digitally, their preservation is becoming critical. A digital document is a sequence of bits that needs to be interpreted and the interpretation process must be arch...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0892082518
As more and more documents are created and archived digitally, their preservation is becoming critical. A digital document is a sequence of bits that needs to be interpreted and the interpretation process must be archived with the document. The process may be simple or very complex, and various methods have been proposed, depending upon the required functionality. The paper reviews the most popular methods, with particular emphasis on the use of a "Universal Virtual Machine" (or UVC).1,2 The UVC method consists of archiving with the data a program P that dynamically converts the internal format into an easily readable structure which identifies the various elements (much like XML does) down to a point where it becomes much easier to define the rest of the interpretation process. In the future, an interpreter of the UVC program will enable the execution of P on any computer. The focus of the paper is primarily on archiving printable documents which require both content and presentation to be preserved;a short section will briefly cover more general documents. The paper makes reference to an existing prototype and how it was used in some proof of concept projects.
As with relational data, XML data changes over time with the creation, modification, and deletion of XML documents. Expressing queries on time-varying (relational or XML) data is much difficult than writing queries on...
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As with relational data, XML data changes over time with the creation, modification, and deletion of XML documents. Expressing queries on time-varying (relational or XML) data is much difficult than writing queries on nontemporal data. In this paper we introduce a data model and made some modification, by which we can map the semistructure with temporal attribute into relational databases. To realize the optimization we make some extension to index technique by adding temporal attribution into it.
The DB2 document manager provides a sophisticated and flexible interface for organized authoring process. The document manager integrates with number of desktop composition tools to track and maintain versions and com...
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The DB2 document manager provides a sophisticated and flexible interface for organized authoring process. The document manager integrates with number of desktop composition tools to track and maintain versions and component linkages. It prevents deletion of document's components during its use and dynamic linking guarantees updation of document components. The document manager interface can be customized to every user with different sets of features displayed on the basis of name and role.
In this paper we will describe a methodology used to encourage innovation and break-through thinking within our organization. This methodology is easily implemented in any team or organization with little impact to pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)158113696X
In this paper we will describe a methodology used to encourage innovation and break-through thinking within our organization. This methodology is easily implemented in any team or organization with little impact to productivity. Copyright 2003 ACM.
The digital networked world is enabling and requiring a new emphasis on personalized document creation. The new, more dynamic digital environment demands tools that can reproduce both the contents and the layout autom...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581137249
The digital networked world is enabling and requiring a new emphasis on personalized document creation. The new, more dynamic digital environment demands tools that can reproduce both the contents and the layout automatically, tailored to personal needs and transformed for the presentation device, and can enable novices to easily create such documents. In order to achieve such automated document assembly and transformation, we have formalized custom document creation as a multiobjective optimization problem, and use a genetic algorithm to assemble and transform compound personalized documents. While we have found that such an automated process for document creation opens new possibilities and new workflows, we have also found several areas where further research would enable the approach to be more broadly and practically applied. This paper reviews the current system and outlines several areas where future research will broaden its current capabilities.
This paper presents a framework for improving the presentation of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, as applied in technical documentation produced at the IBM Toronto Software Laboratory. UML diagrams are a key...
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ISBN:
(纸本)158113696X
This paper presents a framework for improving the presentation of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, as applied in technical documentation produced at the IBM Toronto Software Laboratory. UML diagrams are a key part of program design. They can enhance understanding of complex programming concepts, and assist in problem analysis and solution design. In turn, UML diagrams can add significant value to documentation, helping the user to understand not only the solution but also the reasons for using that particular solution. Too often, however, UML diagrams are created in isolation by a developer, with little or no thought as to how they will be presented in documentation, be it online, in a PDF file, or in a printed book. This compartmentalization does not allow for the possibility that a diagram that was useful in the design phase of a project will not necessarily bring value to documentation if its stated processes or goals are unclear. Poorly designed UML diagrams can also have a negative impact on both project scheduling and costs. For example, production delays can arise because of increased back-and-forth time among developers, writers, and designers, and translation costs can escalate if a diagram contains text that must be translated. This paper presents a method for ensuring a collaborative process for UML diagram design. It provides specific tasks for each of the three key roles in developing UML diagrams for documentation: program developer, technical writer, and graphic designer. It makes the program developer aware of design principles that might otherwise be overlooked. It shows the technical writer ways to improve the design of the diagram, and offers a method for converting files to a common format that can then be utilized by the graphic designer. Finally, it provides the graphic designer with a methodology for quickly producing a clear, error-free final image that is manageable in size. By following the guidelines presented here, developers, wr
The fastest growing market segment of new computer users is senior citizens. For many seniors, the computer is a puzzling device whose inner workings will forever remain a mystery. A lack of understanding of how a com...
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ISBN:
(纸本)158113696X
The fastest growing market segment of new computer users is senior citizens. For many seniors, the computer is a puzzling device whose inner workings will forever remain a mystery. A lack of understanding of how a computer works doesn't necessarily mean that seniors' interest in using a computer is diminished. But it does mean that most of the documentation written to help them learn computing skills and use common applications is inappropriate. Based on a series of free seminars conducted in the first half of 2003, three issues were identified as key requirements of computer documentation for seniors that addresses their unique circumstances: basic vocabulary, just enough explanation, and exception-oriented guidelines. Copyright 2003 ACM.
Over the last decades, the amount of digital documents has increased exponentially. Nevertheless, traditional document engineering methods are applied. Even worse, the long-term preservation issues have been neglected...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581137249
Over the last decades, the amount of digital documents has increased exponentially. Nevertheless, traditional document engineering methods are applied. Even worse, the long-term preservation issues have been neglected in standard document life cycle implementations. Our digital (cultural) heritage is, therefore, highly endangered by the silent obsolescence of data formats, software and hardware. Severe losses of information already happened. It is high time to implement concrete solutions. Fortunately numerous institutions already target these issues. Moreover, with the OAIS reference model1 a rich standardized conceptual framework is available, which already serves as implementation basis.2 This paper discusses an extension to the OAIS reference model and illustrates a prototype implementation of a document life cycle that is enriched by functions for long-term preservation. More precisely, this paper aims to provide first solutions to the following three problem areas: 1. Detachment: OAIS defines no functions for the process of detaching digital documents prior to the ingest function. This detachment function is modeled in great detail and implemented for the provision of the so-called OAIS's submission information packages (SIP). 2. DBMS: OAIS defines a very complex functionality. We show how a standard database management system (DBMS) can support a wide variety of required functionalities in an integrated and homogenous way. Among others OAIS's data management, archival storage, and access are supported. 3. Metadata: So far, OAIS does not cover any aspects of the metadata generation. Here, we briefly discuss the (semi-)automatic generation of a metadata set. In order to evaluate the feasibility of our approach, we built a first prototype. We carried out our experiments in close cooperation with the Bavarian State Library, Munich, which is engaged in numerous international initiatives dealing with the problem of long-term preservation. Our University Library als
As Adobe's Portable Document Format has exploded in popularity so too has the number PDF generators, and predictably the quality of generated PDF varies considerably. This paper surveys a range of PDF optimization...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581137249
As Adobe's Portable Document Format has exploded in popularity so too has the number PDF generators, and predictably the quality of generated PDF varies considerably. This paper surveys a range of PDF optimizations for space, and reports the results of a tool that can postprocess existing PDFs to reduce file sizes by 20 to 70% for large classes of PDFs. (Further reduction can often be obtained by recoding images to lower resolutions or with newer compression methods such as JBIG2 or JPEG2000, but those operations are independent of PDF per se and not a component of the results reported here.) A new PDF storage format called "Compact PDF" is introduced that achieves for many classes of PDF an additional reduction of 30 to 60% beyond what is possible in the latest PDF specification (version 1.5, corresponding to Acrobat 6);for example, the PDF 1.5 Reference manual shrinks from 12.2MB down to 4.2MB. The changes required by Compact PDF to the PDF specification and to PDF readers are easily understood and straightforward to implement.
作者：
Crawford, VanadisIBM
PO Box 12195 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 United States
This paper describes the importance of setting unique performance expectations for technical communicators along with a process to define and manage these expectations. Technical communicators are all individuals resp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)158113696X
This paper describes the importance of setting unique performance expectations for technical communicators along with a process to define and manage these expectations. Technical communicators are all individuals responsible for producing traditional documentation in book format as well as those individuals producing product integrated information, web-based information, and computer-based learning solutions. The process described is one we used for the Tivoli® brand of IBM® software. Copyright 2003 ACM.
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