The Multivalent Browser is built on an architecture that separates functionality from concrete document format. Almost all functionality is made available via relatively small modules of code called behaviors that pro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
The Multivalent Browser is built on an architecture that separates functionality from concrete document format. Almost all functionality is made available via relatively small modules of code called behaviors that programmers can write to extend the core system. Behaviors can be as significant and powerful as parser-renderers for scanned paper, HTML, or TeX DVI;as fine-grained as hyperlinks, cookies, and the disabling of menu items;and as innovative or uncommon as in situ annotations, "lenses", collapsible outline displays, new GUI widgets, and Robust Hyperlink support. Behaviors can be combined in arbitrary groups for each individual document, in effect spontaneously creating a custom browser for every one. Common aspects of document functionality can be shared, so that, for example, the same behavior that handles multipage support for scanned paper documents also provides such support for DVI and PDF;similarly, the behaviors that support fine-grain annotation of HTML also support identical annotation on scanned paper, UNIX manual pages, DVI, and PDF. We have designed and implemented this architecture, and implemented behaviors that support all of the above functionality and more. Here we describe the architecture that allows such power and fine-grained access, yet composes disparate behaviors and resolves their mutual conflicts.
Tables are a special part of documents and specific means have been developed to manage them. Step by step, the underlying models to edit and format tables have been improved or supplemented by new ones. These models ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
Tables are a special part of documents and specific means have been developed to manage them. Step by step, the underlying models to edit and format tables have been improved or supplemented by new ones. These models led to a wide variety of table formats and produced "tabular legacies", making it difficult to edit, use, or modify tables in varying formats. It is even more time-consuming to convert them for various media or to unify or compare tabular information. Our approach to tackle these problems is to integrate different formats. To do so, we recognize the table structure, model the structure and the presentational form and combine both. This way, one can modify the structure, the topology, and the layout of tables simultaneously. Table manipulations may be very complex and hard to understand for the user. In addition, users are accustomed to WYSIWYG environments and want to be able to track their operations by optical control. Therefore, we have developed our WYSIWYG-GUI to work on tables, which we present here, discussing the advantages, limitations and further work to do.
This paper presents detailed examples of document use and re-use, through an ethnographic study of the knowledge work associated with road safety audit in a civil engineering consultancy The paper incorporates some de...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581132946
This paper presents detailed examples of document use and re-use, through an ethnographic study of the knowledge work associated with road safety audit in a civil engineering consultancy The paper incorporates some detailed observation of practices, conversations, and other activities occurring around document re-use in everyday work. It outlines some aspects of the everyday use and re-use of engineering documents in the practical accomplishment of everyday knowledge work as the first stage in considering how these activities can be technologically supported.
caT (for Context-Aware Trellis) was initially developed to support context-aware documents by incorporating high-level Petri-net specification, context-awareness, user modeling, and fuzzy knowledge handling features i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
caT (for Context-Aware Trellis) was initially developed to support context-aware documents by incorporating high-level Petri-net specification, context-awareness, user modeling, and fuzzy knowledge handling features into Trellis, a Petri-net-based hypermedia system. The browsing behavior of documents specified in the caT model can reflect the reader's contextual (such as location and time) and preference information. Recently, to provide a framework for the authoring, browsing, and analysis of reasonably complex, dynamic documents, we added (or extended) several features in the caT system, providing hierarchical Petri net support, a structured authoring tool, browsing tools for multiple presentations of a particular document's specification, and a Petri net analysis tool. In this paper, we present the extended features of caT and give examples of using caT to define and present various documents, such as formal specification of software requirements and customized Web documents. Since caT is based on a formal model, the behavioral characteristics of developed caT models can be analyzed. Current debugging and analysis tools, integrated into the authoring tool, are also introduced.
This paper presents a detailed comparison between the structural elements and definitions provided by Hypermedia Authoring Languages and Architecture Description Languages (ADL). ADLs are formal languages that can be ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
This paper presents a detailed comparison between the structural elements and definitions provided by Hypermedia Authoring Languages and Architecture Description Languages (ADL). ADLs are formal languages that can be used for representing a software architecture. Although it may look trivial to make a direct correspondence between ADL and hypermedia structural entities, such as components to nodes and connectors to links, interesting differences can be identified when observing them more closely. Based on the comparison results, a structural meta-model that can be specialized for use in both domains is proposed. Furthermore, the paper also presents an example of how the meta-model can be used for describing hypermedia document structures, showing how some features found in ADLs can be applied to hypermedia authoring languages. Our final goal is to integrate the contributions of document engineering and software architecture engineering and take advantage of the advances of one area in the other one. The current paper is the first step towards this direction.
作者：
Zhou, Neng-FaCUNY
Brooklyn College Graduate Center 2900 Bedford Ave. New York NY 11210 United States
CGLIB is a high-level graphics library for B-Prolog, a constraint logic programming system. The library provides primitives for creating and manipulating graphical objects and a set of constraints including non-overla...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
CGLIB is a high-level graphics library for B-Prolog, a constraint logic programming system. The library provides primitives for creating and manipulating graphical objects and a set of constraints including non-overlap, grid, table, and tree constraints that facilitates the specification of the layouts of objects. The library adopts a construct called action rules available in B-Prolog for creating agents and programming interactions among agents or between agents and the user. The library is a fully working system implemented in B-Prolog, Java and C. It can be used in many areas such as drawing editors, interactive user interfaces, document authoring, animation, information visualization, intelligent agents, and games. The high-level abstraction of the library and the use of constraints and action rules in the specification of layouts and behaviors can significantly enhance the productivity of the development of graphics. We demonstrate through several examples the effectiveness of the library as a tool for developing graphics-rich and interactive user interfaces.
To key to achieving a successful online documentation implementation on the intranet is to understand that the resulting system is indeed a 'system'. The need for well- written, formatted and structured docume...
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To key to achieving a successful online documentation implementation on the intranet is to understand that the resulting system is indeed a 'system'. The need for well- written, formatted and structured documents is necessary but the interactive framework in which those documents exist is equally important. It is crucial to understand the role of each individual involved in the system from Reader to Author and I.T. provider.
6 Sigma is a proven strategy to improve quality, economic value, and practical utility to the company and its customers. A higher sigma, such as 6 Sigma, indicates better products;lower sigma values represent less des...
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6 Sigma is a proven strategy to improve quality, economic value, and practical utility to the company and its customers. A higher sigma, such as 6 Sigma, indicates better products;lower sigma values represent less desirable products. At 6 Sigma, a product operates virtually defect free with only 3.4 defects per million opportunities! 6 Sigma is not only a tool for optimizing products, it can also be used to optimize processes. The 6 Sigma breakthrough strategy drives improvement goals for every process and encourages incorporating upcoming technological trends and advances.
The domain of XML transformations is becoming more and more important as a result of the increasing number of applications adopting XML as their format for data exchange or representation. Most of the existing solutio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581134320
The domain of XML transformations is becoming more and more important as a result of the increasing number of applications adopting XML as their format for data exchange or representation. Most of the existing solutions for expressing XML transformations are textual languages, such as XSLT or DOM combined with a general-purpose programming language. Several tools build on top of these languages, providing a graphical environment. Transformations are however still specified in a textual way using the underlying language (often XSLT), thus requiring the user to learn the associated textual language. We believe that visual programming techniques are well-suited to representing XML structures and make the specification of transformations simpler. We present a visual programming language for the specification of XML transformations in an interactive environment, based on a zoomable user interface toolkit. Transformations can be run from the application or exported to two target languages: XSLT and Circus, a general-purpose structure transformation language designed by the second author and briefly introduced in this paper.
In this paper we describe a type of data fusion involving the combination of evidence derived from multiple document representations. Our aim is to investigate if a composite representation can improve the online dete...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581133318
In this paper we describe a type of data fusion involving the combination of evidence derived from multiple document representations. Our aim is to investigate if a composite representation can improve the online detection of novel events in a stream of broadcast news stories. This classification process otherwise known as first story detection FSD (or in the Topic Detection and Tracking pilot study as online new event detection, is one of three main classification tasks defined by the TDT initiative. Our composite document representation consists of a semantic representation (based on the lexical chains derived from a text) and a syntactic representation (using proper nouns). Using the TDT1 evaluation methodology, we evaluate a number of document representation combinations using these document classifiers.
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