This study involved a pilot implementation of an evidence based school readiness intervention in new community contexts. The Head Start Research Based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) program was implemented in presch...
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This study involved a pilot implementation of an evidence based school readiness intervention in new community contexts. The Head Start Research Based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) program was implemented in preschools on and near a Native American reservation with both indigenous and non-indigenous students and teachers. The REDI curriculum involved 5 subcomponents targeting children's literacy skills and social-emotional development. Teachers were provided with inperson and on-line training and in-person implementation support from a REDI coach. implementation fidelity included ratings of of curriculum dosage and child engagement, as well as coach ratings of teaching quality using a modified version of the Classroom Assessment Scoring Scale (CLASS). Teachers indicated which adaptations they made to the curriculum and the reasons for these adaptations. Teachers also completed qualitative, post-implementation interviews to obtain their impressions of REDI and the need for planned modifications in their context. Analyses included measures of implementation fidelity and qualitative evaluation of adaptations. Results indicated that teachers found the REDI program both feasible and helpful for their students. Suggestions for planned adaptations included more STEM activities and the freedom to choose the dialogic reading books. Many spontaneous adaptations were noted. Teachers indicated that pragmatic issues, such as lack of time, were the main reasons for adapting the program, and deletions and substitutions of curricular activities were the most common types of changes. implementation of program subcomponents improved gradually over the course of the school year. Some subcomponents were more likely to be adapted than others.
Objectives The California Prenatal Screening program serves over 350?000 women annually. This study examines utilization rates for the various screening options and patient choices regarding follow-up services. Method...
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Objectives The California Prenatal Screening program serves over 350?000 women annually. This study examines utilization rates for the various screening options and patient choices regarding follow-up services. Methods The study tracked patients with first trimester positive results for Down syndrome to examine patient decisions regarding follow-up services and/or additional screening and to identify determinants of patient decisions. For first trimester screen positive women who elected further screening, second trimester integrated screening results were analyzed. The Genetic Disease Screening program Chromosome Registry was used to identify Down syndrome cases. Results Ethnicity, but not age, was a strong predictor of acceptance of prenatal diagnosis. Approximately 47% of first trimester screen positive women opted for further screening. Among these women, 46% percent received an integrated screen negative result. All but one confirmed Down syndrome case in this cohort were still screen positive. Conclusions Data from the California Prenatal Screening program indicate that all of the major screening modalities continue to be utilized. The wide range of choices made by women with screen positive results demonstrate the importance of including multiple options within the program. Providing integrated screening to first trimester Down syndrome screen positive women reduced the number of unnecessary invasive procedures. (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BACKGROUND: This study consisted of a formative evaluation of an after-school health education program designed for adolescent females, entitled Girls on Track. Evidence-based after-school programs have potential to s...
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BACKGROUND: This study consisted of a formative evaluation of an after-school health education program designed for adolescent females, entitled Girls on Track. Evidence-based after-school programs have potential to supplement the traditional school day, encourage social and emotional skill development, improve the quality of student health, and contribute to a healthier school environment. Implementing comprehensive programs outside of the classroom, however, is challenging and gaps exist in the literature regarding implementation fidelity. METHODS: The national program was in a cohort of adolescent females from 11 Girls on Track locations in fall 2008 and 10 locations in spring 2009. Mixed-method analyses evaluated fidelity of lesson implementation, described curricular and programmatic characteristics associated with implementation fidelity, and assessed coach perceptions toward program quality and feasibility. RESULTS: Specific lesson characteristics associated with higher rates of implementation fidelity and favorable coach perceptions toward program feasibility included improved lesson clarity, more time to process health topics, teaching and learning objectives that were well aligned with lesson activities, incorporation of alternative activities for less-motivated participants, and provision of resources on key health topics for coaches. CONCLUSION: Girls on Track is currently being implemented across the United States and Canada, reaching over 5000 adolescent females annually. Identifying and incorporating specific curricular and programmatic characteristics associated with high levels of implementation fidelity can enhance the quality and benefits of after-school programs.
Growing research suggests that successful worksite wellness programs (WWPs) can be effective at reducing health costs and improving employee health. While many studies examine factors that contribute to WWP success, t...
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Growing research suggests that successful worksite wellness programs (WWPs) can be effective at reducing health costs and improving employee health. While many studies examine factors that contribute to WWP success, these primarily focus on private organizations, or they group public and private organizations together. However, public organizations encounter unique circumstances, generally, so it is important to examine them in their own right when it comes to WWP implementation. This study assesses what factors are important to WWP implementation in county government organizations. Through a conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) of interview data collected from 18 county government WWP managers, the results provide support to earlier work regarding strategies for successful WWP implementation. However, the results also add to the literature in several ways. While the importance of leadership support is well-documented, this study finds that marketing and communication strategies, which typically focus on promoting employee participation, can also be used to encourage leadership buy-in. The study also suggests that a dedicated wellness coordinator who has some organizational autonomy to make decisions about the WWP is needed. Further, the study highlights the importance of trust-building as a strategy for WWP development and implementation. Finally, it calls attention to the impact of public perceptions on county governments' WWPs, an influence unique to county organizations.
The purpose of this study is to identify major areas of concentration that have an impact on state hunter education programs. The study specifically attempts to identify and analyze areas that prevent hunter education...
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The purpose of this study is to identify major areas of concentration that have an impact on state hunter education programs. The study specifically attempts to identify and analyze areas that prevent hunter education programs from being implemented to their fullest. The major reasons for this research include: to improve the awareness, knowledge, and skills of hunters, to help ensure that hunter education programs are utilized to their maximum, and to identify specific program strategies to help overcome major barriers to the successful implementation of state hunter education programs. Based on data collected, areas of significant concern that have profound effects on program implementation were identified and analyzed. The major concerns and constraints identified by the study were in the areas of program instruction, course content, program communication, program funding, and program evaluation. Each of the identified program constraints was analyzed with recommendations put forth which could lessen its impact on program implementation.
The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of "evidence-based" program uptake and implementation. The process of integrating Triple P (levels 2 and 3) into existing family support centers in Albert...
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The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of "evidence-based" program uptake and implementation. The process of integrating Triple P (levels 2 and 3) into existing family support centers in Alberta, Canada, was examined. We conducted ten individual interviews with directors, and ten group interviews, involving a total of 62 practitioners across ten Triple P pilot sites. Key findings show that there was variability in the approach and extent to which Triple P was integrated into family support centers. Five key factors impacting the integration process emerged from the interviews. These were: (1) the level of development of pre-existing support services;(2) the degree of "fit" between the Triple P program approach and existing agency practice, including the perceived suitability/unsuitability for some client groups;(3) practitioner perceptions of the adaptability of the program;(4) rules about who can and who cannot use Triple P resources;and (5) training and sustainability issues. In addition to identifying specific factors, this study was able to provide some insight as to why and how these factors were significant, thereby adding to the literature on knowledge/program dissemination processes.
implementation of evidence-based, Tier 1 social-emotional learning (SEL) programming that supports healthy relationships skills is recognized as a key mental health promotion and violence prevention strategy for youth...
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implementation of evidence-based, Tier 1 social-emotional learning (SEL) programming that supports healthy relationships skills is recognized as a key mental health promotion and violence prevention strategy for youth. However, work specifically exploring how to support the high-quality implementation of such programming with Canadian teachers and schools is just beginning to emerge. Drawing on implementation frameworks that emphasize the importance of setting, provider, and implementation process characteristics for understanding program implementation outcomes, this prospective, longitudinal study explores implementation of the Fourth R, a SEL-based healthy relationships program, in a Western Canadian province using a sample of middle school teachers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to illuminate relationships among teachers' attitudes toward evidence-based programming, perceptions of organizational climate, and training experience with program implementation outcomes (dosage, quality, fidelity). Findings of this exploratory study identified that these characteristics influenced implementation dosage, quality, and fidelity in differential ways. Qualitative data drawn from teacher interviews supported quantitative findings and highlighted the importance of organizational support for high-quality implementation. We discuss areas for further study, given that there are significant gaps in knowledge about teachers' attitudes toward evidence-based programming, school climate, and other systemic factors in the Canadian context, as well as relevance of study findings to the field of school psychology.
Proponents of systemic changes in education commonly encounter ethical. theoretical. and pragmatic challenges in moving from possibility to implementation or their vision of change. Although ethical and theoretical is...
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Proponents of systemic changes in education commonly encounter ethical. theoretical. and pragmatic challenges in moving from possibility to implementation or their vision of change. Although ethical and theoretical issues are critically important to a successful change initiative. pragmatic issues relevant to assuring program implementation have generally been understudied in the literature examining school change. The disconnects between research regarding effective practices and program implementation in schools and planning for intervention implementation and actual implementation have been increasingly recognized over the last two decades, It is much easier to talk about behavior change than it is to accomplish it. This article discusses selected issues surrounding ethical, theoretical. and pragmatic issues of systemic change. with the primary emphasis oil pragmatic issues. The importance of providing programming to support implementation of new practices in schools is highlighted. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals. Inc.
Considerable evidence indicates that variability in implementation of prevention programs is related to the outcomes achieved by these programs. However, while implementation has been conceptualized as a multidimensio...
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Considerable evidence indicates that variability in implementation of prevention programs is related to the outcomes achieved by these programs. However, while implementation has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, few studies examine more than a single dimension, and no theoretical framework exists to guide research on the effects of implementation. We seek to address this need by proposing a theoretical model of the relations between the dimensions of implementation and outcomes of prevention programs that can serve to guide future implementation research. In this article, we focus on four dimensions of implementation, which we conceptualize as behaviors of program facilitators (fidelity, quality of delivery, and adaptation) and behaviors of participants (responsiveness) and present the evidence supporting these as predictors of program outcomes. We then propose a theoretical model by which facilitator and participant dimensions of implementation influence participant outcomes. Finally, we provide recommendations and directions for future implementation research.
This article examines the environmental impact on the programmatic implementation of community-oriented policing ( COP) in large municipal police agencies during the 1990s. Three waves of nationwide surveys ( 1993, 19...
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This article examines the environmental impact on the programmatic implementation of community-oriented policing ( COP) in large municipal police agencies during the 1990s. Three waves of nationwide surveys ( 1993, 1996, and 2000) based on a random sample of 281 municipalities and the corresponding police agencies were used for our analysis. Based on one-way generalized least square (GLS) panel data analysis, we found that post-Crime Control Act of 1994 federal funding and council-manager forms of government are significant predictors of COP implementation. To the contrary, other environmental factors such as personnel resources, city socioeconomic status, and mechanisms for citizen participation did not yield any statistically significant effects.
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