In-Network Computing (INC) has found many applications for performance boosts or cost reduction. However, given heterogeneous devices, diverse applications, and multi-path network typologies, it is cumbersome and erro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400702365
In-Network Computing (INC) has found many applications for performance boosts or cost reduction. However, given heterogeneous devices, diverse applications, and multi-path network typologies, it is cumbersome and error-prone for application developers to effectively utilize the available network resources and gain predictable benefits without impeding normal network functions. Previous work is oriented to network operators more than application developers. We develop ClickINC to streamline the INC programming and deployment using a unified and automated workflow. ClickINC provides INC developers a modular programming abstractions, without concerning to the states of the devices and the network topology. We describe the ClickINC framework, model, language, workflow, and corresponding algorithms. Experiments on both an emulator and a prototype system demonstrate its feasibility and benefits.
This paper uses Cote d'Ivoire and Nigeria survey data on both supply and demand characteristics to examine how structural and demographic factors influence family planning provision and cost. The model, which take...
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This paper uses Cote d'Ivoire and Nigeria survey data on both supply and demand characteristics to examine how structural and demographic factors influence family planning provision and cost. The model, which takes into account the endogenous influence of service provision on average cost. explains provision well but poorly explains what influences service cost. We show that both size and specialization matter. In both countries. vertical (exclusive family planning) facilities provide significantly more contraception than integrated medical establishments. In the Nigeria sample, larger facilities also offer services at lower average cost. Since vertical facilities tend to be large, they at most incur no higher unit costs than integrated facilities. These results are consistent across most model specifications. and are robust to corrections for endogenous facility placement in Nigeria. Model results and cost recovery, information point to the relative efficiency of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. which operates large. mostly vertically organized facilities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A large-scale, distributed video-on-demand (VOD) system allows geographically dispersed residential and business users to access video services. such as movies and other multimedia programs or documents on demand from...
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A large-scale, distributed video-on-demand (VOD) system allows geographically dispersed residential and business users to access video services. such as movies and other multimedia programs or documents on demand from video servers on a high-speed network. In this paper. we first demonstrate through analysis and simulation the need for a hierarchical architecture for the VOD distribution network. We then assume a hierarchical architecture, which fits thr existing tree topology used in today's cable TV (CATV) hybrid fiber/coaxial (HFC) distribution networks. We develop a model for the video program placement. configuration, and performance evaluation of such systems. Our approach takes into account the user behavior. the fact that the user requests are transmitted over a shared channel before reaching the video server containing the requested program, the fact that the input/output (I/O) capacity of the video servers is the costlier resource, and finally the communication cost. In addition, our model employs batching of user requests at the video servers. We study the effect of batching on the performance of the video servers and on the quality of service (QoS) delivered to the user, and we contribute dynamic hatching policies which improve server utilization, user QoS, and lower the servers' cost. The evaluation is based on an extensive analytical and simulation study.
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