作者：
KING, JCIBM CORP
THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR YORKTOWN HTS NY 10598 USA
Describes the symbolic execution of programs. Provision of symbols representing arbitrary values instead of supplying the normal inputs to a program; Symbolic execution of conditional branch type statements; Descripti...
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Describes the symbolic execution of programs. Provision of symbols representing arbitrary values instead of supplying the normal inputs to a program; Symbolic execution of conditional branch type statements; Description of the EFFIGY system which provides symbolic execution for program testing and debugging; Execution of programs written in a simple PL/I style programming language.
The undersigned, all of the members of the Technical Advisory Board of the Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI), respectfully submit the following discussion of "Behavior of Unbonded Post-tensioning Monostrand Anchora...
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The undersigned, all of the members of the Technical Advisory Board of the Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI), respectfully submit the following discussion of "Behavior of Unbonded Post-tensioning Monostrand Anchorage Systems under Monotonic Tensile Loading" on pages 97 through 117 in the Winter 2010 issue of PCI Journal. We commend the authors for their valuable contribution to the fund of knowledge about an important seismic-resisting system, one that has already proved its effectiveness in concrete buildings built in areas of high seismic risk.
Examines software program specification and testing. Procedures underlying software writing and test program; Analysis on examples of software writing and test program; Enumeration of software-writing practices.
Examines software program specification and testing. Procedures underlying software writing and test program; Analysis on examples of software writing and test program; Enumeration of software-writing practices.
A formal, general model of program dependences is presented and used to evaluate several dependence-based software testing, debugging, and maintenance techniques. Two generalizations of control and data flow dependenc...
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A formal, general model of program dependences is presented and used to evaluate several dependence-based software testing, debugging, and maintenance techniques. Two generalizations of control and data flow dependence, called weak and strong syntactic dependence, are introduced and related to a concept called semantic dependence. Semantic dependence models the ability of a program statement to affect the execution behavior of other statements. It is shown that weak syntactic dependence is a necessary but not sufficient condition for semantic dependence and that strong syntactic dependence is necessary but not sufficient condition for a restricted form of semantic dependence that is finitely demonstrated. These results are used to support some proposed uses of program dependences, to controvert others, and to suggest new uses.
During the last 10 years, code inspection for standard programming errors has largely been automated with static code analysis. During the next 10 years, we expect to see similar progress in automating testing, and sp...
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During the last 10 years, code inspection for standard programming errors has largely been automated with static code analysis. During the next 10 years, we expect to see similar progress in automating testing, and specifically test generation, thanks to advances in program analysis, efficient constraint solvers, and powerful computers. Three new tools from Microsoft combine techniques from static program analysis, dynamic analysis, model checking, and automated constraint solving while targeting different application domains.
A program design methodology is presented that advocates the synthesis of tests hand-in-hand with the design at every stage of program development, and uses them for early detection of design flaws. Formal specificati...
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A program design methodology is presented that advocates the synthesis of tests hand-in-hand with the design at every stage of program development, and uses them for early detection of design flaws. Formal specifications are advocated at every stage of the development process. It is illustrated on an example that• formalisation allows for a systematic derivation of black-box, design and abstract data tests• higher-level testing leads to significant structural coverage of the final code but does not eliminate the need for structural testing• abstract data testing allows a more natural selection of tests than concrete data testingExcept for the last stage, the method is of manual nature; however, the formal approach opens a way for its automation and rapid prototyping. Also, it can be combined with formal verification.
Context: Creating a new testingprogram requires the development of a test blueprint that will determine how the items on each test form are distributed across possible content areas and practice domains. To achieve v...
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Context: Creating a new testingprogram requires the development of a test blueprint that will determine how the items on each test form are distributed across possible content areas and practice domains. To achieve validity, categories of a blueprint are typically based on the judgments of content experts. How experts judgments are elicited and combined is important to the quality of resulting test ***: Content experts in dentistry participated in a day-long faculty-wide workshop to discuss, refine, and confirm the categories and their relative weights. After reaching agreement on categories and their definitions, experts judged the relative importance between category pairs, registering their judgments anonymously using iClicker, an audience response system. Judgments were combined in two ways: a simple calculation that could be performed during the workshop and a multidimensional scaling of the judgments performed ***: Content experts were able to produce a set of relative weights using this approach. The multidimensional scaling yielded a three-dimensional model with the potential to provide deeper insights into the basis of the experts' ***: The approach developed and demonstrated in this study can be applied across academic disciplines to elicit and combine content experts judgments for the development of test blueprints.
Many testing methods require the selection of a set of paths on which tests are to be conducted. Errors in arithmetic expressions within program statements can be represented as perturbing functions added to the corre...
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Many testing methods require the selection of a set of paths on which tests are to be conducted. Errors in arithmetic expressions within program statements can be represented as perturbing functions added to the correct expression. It is then possible to derive the set of errors in a chosen functional class which cannot possibly be detected using a given test path. An analysis of the undetected perturbations for sequential programs operating on integers and real numbers is presented which permits the detection of multinomial error terms. The reduction of the space of (potential) undetected errors is proposed as a criterion for test path selection.
Dataflow programming languages, which represent programs as graphs of data streams and operators, are becoming increasingly popular and being used to create a wide array of commercial software applications. The depend...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479902156
Dataflow programming languages, which represent programs as graphs of data streams and operators, are becoming increasingly popular and being used to create a wide array of commercial software applications. The dependability of programs written in these languages, as well as the systems used to compile and run these programs, hinges on the correctness of the semantic properties associated with operators. Unfortunately, these properties are often poorly defined, and frequently are not checked, and this can lead to a wide range of problems in the programs that use the operators. In this paper we present an approach for improving the dependability of dataflow programs by checking operators for necessary properties. Our approach is dynamic, and involves generating tests whose results are checked to determine whether specific properties hold or not. We present empirical data that shows that our approach is both effective and efficient at assessing the status of properties.
Treasure Island is located in the central San Francisco Bay, immediately north of Yerba Buena Island, between the active San Andreas and Hayward faults. Treasure Island was constructed by placing hydraulic sand fill o...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784481615
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784481615
Treasure Island is located in the central San Francisco Bay, immediately north of Yerba Buena Island, between the active San Andreas and Hayward faults. Treasure Island was constructed by placing hydraulic sand fill over natural shoal deposits within perimeter rock dikes. A full-scale vibro-compaction field test, using direct power compaction (DPC) was performed to evaluate the improvement potential of sandy soils susceptible to liquefaction, and to develop a site-specific DPC vibro-compaction method specification for the desired level of densification. The test was performed at a location where the soil column consisted of approximately 22-25 ft (6.7-7.6 m) of sandy, hydraulically placed fill over 23 to 25 ft (7.0-7.6 m) of natural (Pleistocene-Holocene) shoal deposits. The DPC equipment used at the test site was configured with a vibratory hammer attached to four probes consisting of H-beams modified with steel flaps hinged to the web at the base of each beam. The test program included three intensities of compaction effort and compaction with and without prefabricated vertical drains (PVD). The test site was instrumented with vibrating-wire piezometers, wireless triaxial vibration monitors, surface settlement monuments, and reflectorless robotic total-station surveys. Cone penetration test probes were advanced before and after the DPC process to characterize the subsurface conditions and to evaluate time-dependent changes in the properties of sandy fill and shoal, or aging effects. The vibro-compaction field trials, demonstrated that (1) DPC can readily densify the sandy fill using low intensity compaction effort, (2) DPC vibro-compaction with and without PVD exhibit similar increases in post-improvement penetration resistance, and no measureable changes in time-dependent penetration resistance (aging effects), and (3) the underlying shoal deposits exhibit a different response to vibro-compaction than the sandy fill. The findings of the full-scale densification t
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