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What Enables Implementation of Pain Management Interventions in Intensive Care Units and Why: A Realist Evaluation to Refine program theory

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JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING 2024年第0期 2024 Oct 1页

作者： Hamadeh, Samira Willetts, Georgina Garvey, Loretta Federat Univ Inst Hlth & Wellbeing Gippsland Vic Australia Federat Univ Assessment Transformat Gippsland Vic Australia

AimTo uncover perspectives and refine 12 initial program theories concerning the implementation of pain management interventions in intensive care units. Contexts enabling implementation are delineated, and causal mechanisms within these contexts are *** realist evaluation approach was *** purposively selected Australian nurses of variant roles were virtually and individually interviewed between July and September 2023. Participants were presented with initial program theory, and their perspectives were collated. Data were analysed using an integrated approach of context (C), mechanism (M), outcome (O) categorisation coding, CMO configurations connecting and pattern *** management interventions work if perceived to be beneficial, precise, comprehensive and fit for purpose. Nurses should be willing to change attitudes and update knowledge. Unit leaders should nurture the development of nurses' professional identity, access to learning, autonomy and self-determination. Organisations should change the infrastructure, provide resources, mitigate barriers, develop shared mental models, update evidence and institute quality assurance. Adherence to interventions is affected by the outcomes of implementation and intrinsic merits of interventions. In these contexts, confidence is boosted;feelings of empowerment, self-efficacy, reflective motivation, trust, awareness and autonomy are developed;and capacity is built. Furthermore, frustration from the variability of practices is reduced, accountability and ownership are augmented, yielding positive implementation *** for the ProfessionFindings have implications on nurses, team leaders and organisations concerned with *** findings provided a fortified understanding of conditions favouring successful implementation of pain management interventions. Actions should be undertaken at an individual, unit and organisation level to ensure success

关键词： implementation intensive care unit interventions pain management program theory realist evaluation

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Development of a program theory for osteoporosis patient education in Denmark: a qualitative study based on realist evaluation

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BMC GERIATRICS 2024年第1期24卷 1页

作者： Rubaek, Mette Broholm-Jorgensen, Marie Andersen, Susan Jakobsen, Pernille Ravn Rothmann, Mette Juel Langdahl, Bente Hitz, Mette Friberg Holmberg, Teresa Univ Southern Denmark Natl Inst Publ Hlth Copenhagen Denmark Zealand Univ Hosp Natl Res Ctr Bone Hlth Koge Denmark Univ Southern Denmark Dept Publ Hlth Res Unit Gen Practice Odense Denmark Odense Univ Hosp Steno Diabet Ctr Odense Odense Denmark Odense Univ Hosp Dept Endocrinol Odense Denmark Univ Southern Denmark Dept Clin Res Odense Denmark Aarhus Univ Hosp Dept Endocrinol Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Clin Med Aarhus Denmark Ctr Childhood Hlth Copenhagen Denmark

Background Osteoporosis patient education is offered in many countries worldwide. When evaluating complex interventions like these, it is important to understand how and why the intervention leads to effects. This study aimed to develop a program theory of osteoporosis patient education in Danish municipalities with a focus on examining the mechanisms of change i.e. what is about the programs that generate *** The program theory was developed in an iterative process. The initial draft was based on a previous published systematic review, and subsequently the draft was continually refined based on findings from observations (10 h during osteoporosis patient education) and interviews (individual interviews with six employees in municipalities and three health professionals at hospitals, as well as four focus group interviews with participants in patient education (in total 27 informants)). The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and with inspiration from realist evaluation the mechanisms as well as the contextual factors and outcomes were *** Based on this qualitative study we developed a program theory of osteoporosis patient education and identified four mechanisms: motivation, recognizability, reassurance, and peer reflection. For each mechanism we examined how contextual factors activated the mechanism as well as which outcomes were achieved. For instance, the participants' motivation is activated when they meet in groups, and thereafter outcomes such as more physical activity may be achieved. Recognizability is activated by the participants' course of disease, which may lead to better ergonomic habits. Reassurance may result in more physical activity, and this mechanism is activated in newly diagnosed participants without previous fractures. Peer reflection is activated when the participants meet in groups, and the outcome healthier diet may be *** We developed a program theory and examined how and

关键词： Osteoporosis Patient education program theory Mechanism of change

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Equity and Higher Education Access in Chile: The High School Ranking Admission Policy Results from the Perspective of Its program theory

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HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY 2024年 1-22页

作者： Catalan, Ximena Santelices, Maria Veronica Horn, Catherine Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Fac Educ Macul Santiago Chile Millennium Nucleus Students Experience Higher Educ Chile Macul Santiago Chile Expectat & Real Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile Univ Houston Houston TX USA

The High School Ranking (HSR) is an equity admission policy aimed at increasing the enrollment of high-performing students from disadvantaged educational contexts in selective universities in Chile. We evaluate the degree to which the HSR program theory holds by exploring expectations, motivations, and college applications of students from low-performing schools. Using a survey (N = 1.831) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we explore how high school students from low-academic contexts compare to peers from more advantageous settings regarding expectations and academic motivation associated with the HSR policy. Also, using regression discontinuity design (RDD), we analyze whether the reception of the HSR bonus raises the application rates of high-performing students from disadvantaged educational contexts. Our results show that although students from low-performing schools have higher expectations associated with HSR, they have lower levels of academic motivation and perform fewer actions to improve their HSR compared to their pairs from more advantageous school settings. Also, the HSR score bonus is not associated with improving college application rates of high-performing students from low-performing high schools. These results expand previous evidence on HSR using a comprehensive design that unveils the connection between socioeconomic and motivational variables in students' behaviors, challenging the assumptions of a higher education equity initiative.

关键词： Higher education access College admission program theory High school ranking

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Transforming Impossible into Possible (TIP) for Financial Capability: Application of Practice-Based program theory and Measures in Intervention Design

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RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2023年第6期33卷 695-710页

作者： Hong, Philip Young P. Shin, Alanna Wathen, Maria V. V. Gibbons, Theresa Univ Georgia Sch Social Work 279 Williams St Athens GA 30602 USA Loyola Univ Chicago Sch Social Work Chicago IL USA Univ Illinois Grad Coll Chicago IL USA

Purpose: Financial knowledge often does not translate into financial well-being. This study looks at how knowledge might be converted to well-being for people living in low-income environments, based on a theory called Financial PSS. Methods: The study tests the validity of the two scales that make up Financial PSS: Perceived Financial Barriers and Financial Hope. Then it examines how these measures along with an intervention measure called TIP are associated with financial capability. Results: Results validated the Perceived Financial Barrier Scale and Financial Hope Scale. Next, the study found that the Perceived Financial Barriers Scale and the Financial Hope Scale are associated with financial capability, as is the TIP score. Conclusions: The study concludes that Financial PSS as a newly applied practice-based theory should be further tested. Workforce providers could integrate financial education and empowerment-based F-PSS process models and see a positive impact on their placement and retention outcomes.

关键词： program theory psychological self-sufficiency financial capability financial hope perceived financial barriers social intervention Transforming Impossible into Possible (TIP)

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Introduction to Research on Social Work Practice Special Issue: program theory in Social Interventions Developed in Practice Settings

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RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2023年第6期33卷 631-633页

作者： Olsson, Tina M. Skoog, Therese Jonkoping Univ Sch Hlth & Welf Jonkoping Sweden Univ Gothenburg Dept Psychol Gothenburg Sweden

Solving individual, group, or societal problems through social intervention in practice settings is a complex task. The extent to which this end is achieved depends heavily on the effectiveness of the change strategies in use. Increased understanding of how these change strategies work to impact outcomes is at the forefront of the science of social intervention. In this special issue, we have gathered a collection of seven articles that present central issues related to program theory in social interventions developed in practice setting. Our goal is to advance the knowledge of how an understanding of theory in practice can advance social intervention research.

关键词： program theory intervention research practice based research

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What Do Hackathons Do? Understanding Participation in Hackathons Through program theory Analysis 21

What Do Hackathons Do? Understanding Participation in Hackat...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Falk, Jeanette Kannabiran, Gopinaath Hansen, Nicolai Brodersen Aarhus Univ Aarhus Denmark Univ Copenhagen Dept Comp Sci IT Copenhagen Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

Hackathons are increasingly embraced across diverse sectors as a way of democratizing the design of technology. Several attempts have been made to redefine the format and desired end goal of hackathons in recent years thereby warranting closer methodological scrutiny. In this paper, we apply program theory to analyze the processes and effects of 16 hackathon case studies through published research literature. Building upon existing research on hackathons, our work offers a critical perspective examining the methodological validity of hackathons and exemplifies how specific processes for organizing hackathons are modified for different purposes. Our main contribution is a program theory analysis of hackathon formats that provides an exploration and juxtaposition of 16 case studies in terms of causal relations between the input, process and the effects of hackathons. Our cataloguing of examples can serve as an inspirational planning resource for future organizers of hackathons.

关键词： hackathons participatory design research methods program theory

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An Innovator and a Disruptor: Leonard Bickman on program theory, Null Findings, and Advice to Future Child Mental Health Services Researchers

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ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020年第5期47卷 788-794页

作者： Douglas, Susan Vanderbilt Univ Peabody Coll Dept Leadership Policy & Org 230 Appleton PlPMB 414 Nashville TN 37203 USA

With a career spanning more than half a century, Leonard Bickman has contributed to improving children's mental health through research on innovative interventions, such as measurement-based care, and service-level initiatives, including systems of care. Len's highly productive career in children's mental health services research is founded in his influence on the science of program evaluation, particularly in the area of program theory. This article provides an abridged and combined version of a video interview with Len dated April 16, 2019 and written responses to a series of questions posed to Len in advance of the festschrift held in his honor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on May 11, 2018.

关键词： Leonard Bickman program evaluation program theory

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The Actor-Based Change Framework: A Pragmatic Approach to Developing program theory for Interventions in Complex Systems

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION 2020年第1期41卷 34-53页

作者： Koleros, Andrew Mulkerne, Sean Oldenbeuving, Mark Stein, Danielle Palladium London England

Despite a wide body of literature on the importance of program theory and the need to tackle complexity to improve international development programming, the use of program theory to underpin interventions aimed at facilitating change in complex systems remains a challenge for many program practitioners. The actor-based change framework offers a pragmatic approach to address these challenges, integrating concepts and frameworks drawn from complexity science and behavioral change literature to develop robust program theory for complex interventions. This article presents the conceptual framework for the approach and describes how it has been applied in practice on an evaluation of a security and justice program in Nepal. It concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the approach in practice and how it can be applied more widely to improve program theory for interventions in complex systems.

关键词： program theory theory-based evaluation complexity actor-based approaches behavior change

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First steps: creating an initial program theory for a realist evaluation of Healthy Start-Depart Sante intervention in childcare centres

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2019年第6期22卷 545-556页

作者： Fick, Fiona Muhajarine, Nazeem Univ Saskatchewan Coll Med Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol Saskatoon SK Canada

Realist evaluation (RE) is increasingly adopted to assess the effectiveness of social programs. RE goes beyond measurement of outcomes, providing insight into how and why programs work by focusing on how participants experience and respond to programs within certain contexts. A RE was conducted on Healthy Start-Depart Sante (HSDS), an early childhood development program in Canada, created to address the prevalence of overweight and obese children. The first step of the RE was to create an initial program theory (IPT) to identify key contexts and mechanisms relating to the success of the program. Realist methodology can be challenging, time consuming, and resource intensive and there are few practical examples of how to conduct a RE. This article aims to add to the realist methodological literature by describing the construction of the IPT, reflecting on the process used, and providing a starting point for future realist practitioners.

关键词： Realist evaluation realist methodology program theory childhood development childcare center

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program theory within policy-initiated evaluations: the Norwegian low-income family study

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JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-INFORMED SOCIAL WORK 2018年第4期15卷 337-350页

作者： Malmberg-Heimonen, Ira Toge, Anne Grete Fossestol, Knut Oslo Metropolitan Univ Dept Social Work Child Welf & Social Policy Oslo Norway Oslo Metropolitan Univ Work Res Inst Oslo Norway

Using as an example a project where the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Directorate developed a comprehensive model for the follow-up of low-income families, this article demonstrates the process of developing a program theory for policy-initiated interventions. The data consist of interviews with program developers, political documents from early stages, and observations of the program's development. The results demonstrate that, although research inspired the program developers, the program was also the outcome of policy priorities, experiences from earlier projects, and input from the practice field. Multiple sources contributed to its relevance for the practice field, however, increasing its complexity. The program includes several intervention levels and follow-up areas and partially builds on elements found to be important across interventions. Although a program theory can be difficult to conceptualize within policy-initiated interventions, it is important to articulate it prior to evaluation and, if necessary, reassess it when data have been analyzed.

关键词： Social work program theory intervention policy initiated poverty evaluation

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