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Heapviz: Interactive heap visualization for program understanding and debugging

INFORMATION visualization 2013年第2期12卷 163-177页

作者： Kelley, Sean Aftandilian, Edward Gramazio, Connor Ricci, Nathan Su, Sara L. Guyer, Samuel Z. Tufts Univ Dept Comp Sci Medford MA USA

In this paper we present Heapviz, a tool for visualizing and exploring snapshots of the heap obtained from a running Java program. Unlike existing tools, such as traditional debuggers, Heapviz presents a global view of the program state as a graph, together with powerful interactive capabilities for navigating it. Our tool employs several key techniques that help manage the scale of the data. First, we reduce the size and complexity of the graph by using algorithms inspired by static shape analysis to aggregate the nodes that make up a data structure. Second, we implement a powerful visualization component whose interactive interface provides extensive support for exploring the graph. The user can search for objects based on type, connectivity, and field values;group objects;and color or hide and show each group. The user may also inspect individual objects to see their field values and neighbors in the graph. These interactive abilities help the user manage the complexity of these huge graphs. By applying Heapviz to both constructed and real-world examples, we show that it provides programmers with a powerful and intuitive tool for exploring program behavior.

关键词： Software visualization program visualization interactive graph visualization interactive visualization graph visualization force-directed layout

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CrossCode: Multi-level visualization of program Execution 23

CrossCode: Multi-level Visualization of Program Execution

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CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Hayatpur, Devamardeep Wigdor, Daniel Xia, Haijun Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

program visualizations help to form useful mental models of how programs work, and to reason and debug code. But these visualizations exist at a fixed level of abstraction, e.g., line-by-line. In contrast, programmers switch between many levels of abstraction when inspecting program behavior. Based on results from a formative study of hand-designed program visualizations, we designed CrossCode, a web-based program visualization system for JavaScript that leverages structural cues in syntax, control flow, and data flow to aggregate and navigate program execution across multiple levels of abstraction. In an exploratory qualitative study with experts, we found that CrossCode enabled participants to maintain a strong sense of place in program execution, was conducive to explaining program behavior, and helped track changes and updates to the program state.

关键词： program visualization programming debugging

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The impact of prior experience in using a visualization tool on learning to program

The impact of prior experience in using a visualization tool...

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IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age, CELDA 2008

作者： Laakso, Mikko-Jussi Rajala, Teemu Kaila, Erkki Salakoski, Tapio Turku Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781627483339

programming is typically hard for novices. program visualization is one method suggested for aiding the learning process. However, it is important that the tools used in visualizing programs are used correctly. To reduce the users' cognitive load of learning to use the tool, they should be properly familiarized with it beforehand. We conducted a research on the effects of cognitive load in using a program visualization tool called ViLLE. The treatment group was familiar with the tool, while the control group used the tool for the first time. The results indicate that the students with previous experience with the tool learned significantly better. Therefore we conclude that to get the most benefit of a visualization tool, the students should be advised to use it effectively.

关键词： Cognitive load Learning to program program visualization

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Learning principles in program visualizations: a systematic literature review 46

Learning principles in program visualizations: a systematic ...

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IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

作者： Hidalgo-Cespedes, Jeisson Marín-Raventós, Gabriela Lara-Villagran, Vladimir Univ Costa Rica CITIC San Jose Costa Rica

ISBN: (纸本)9781509017904

program visualizations help students understand the runtime behavior of other programs. They are educational tools to complement lectures or replace inefficient static drawings. A recent survey found 46 program visualizations developed from 1979 to 2012 reported that their effectiveness is unclear. They also evaluated learner engagement strategies implemented by visualization systems, but other learning principles were not considered. Learning principles are potential key factors in the success of program visualization as learning tools. In this paper, we identified 16 principles that may contribute to the effectiveness of a learning tool based on Vygotsky's learning theory. We hypothesize that some of these principles could be supported by incorporating visual concrete allegories and gamification. We conducted a literature review to know if these principles are supported by existing solutions. We found six new systems between 2012 and 2015. Very few systems consider a learning theory as theoretical framework. Only two out the 16 learning principles are supported by existing visualizations. All systems use unconnected visual metaphors, two use concrete visual metaphors, and one implemented a gamification principle. We expect that using concrete visual allegories and gamification in future program visualizations will significantly improve their effectiveness.

关键词： systematic literature review program visualization learning theory constructivism visual metaphor visual allegory gamification

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Targeting program visualizations

Targeting Program Visualizations

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12th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education

作者： Lahtinen, Essi Jarvinen, Hannu-Matti Melakoski-Vistbacka, Suvi Tampere Univ Technol Inst Software Syst FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781595936103

To instruct students on the rise of visualizations most beneficially the teacher needs to know who the students are that use the visualizations, for what they use them, and what kind of problems they have. Empirical research has been carried out on the educational impact of visualizations in test situations, but this survey presents the students' normal way of studying when the use of visualizations is voluntary. We present;the results of an international survey of 3:35 students who are studying programming and whose teachers have offered visualizations as extra material for the students. Their teachers also answered the survey. The article analyses different kinds of student groups, their usage of visualizations, and problems with them. We explore the background and motivation of the students and compare this information to their experiences of the use of the visualizations. We identified two groups of students who use visualizations differently: moderately successful students able to work independently and weaker students who need teachers guidance with the visualizations. We suggest tips for teachers on how to use visualizations in teaching and provide information for the development of program visualization tools.

关键词： program visualization programming education

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Codechella: Multi-User program visualizations for Real-Time Tutoring and Collaborative Learning

Codechella: Multi-User Program Visualizations for Real-Time ...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing*

作者： Guo, Philip J. White, Jeffery Zanelatto, Renan Univ Rochester Dept Comp Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467374576

An effective way to learn computer programming is to sit side-by-side in front of the same computer with a tutor or peer, write code together, and then discuss what happens as the code executes. To bring this kind of in-person interaction to an online setting, we have developed Codechella, a multi-user Web-based program visualization system that enables multiple people to collaboratively write code together, explore an automatically-generated visualization of its execution state using multiple mouse cursors, and chat via an embedded text box. In nine months of live deployment on an educational website - *** people from 296 cities across 40 countries participated in 299 Codechella sessions for both tutoring and collaborative learning. 57% of sessions connected participants from different cities, and 12 % from different countries. Participants actively engaged with the program visualizations while chatting, showed affective exchanges such as encouragement and banter, and indicated signs of learning at the lower three levels of Bloom's taxonomy: remembering, understanding, and applying knowledge.

关键词： program visualization collaborative visualization CS education

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Comparing the Collaborative and Independent Viewing of program visualizations

Comparing the Collaborative and Independent Viewing of Progr...

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41st Annual Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

作者： Rajala, Teemu Kaila, Erkki Holvitie, Johannes Haavisto, Riku Laakso, Mikko-Jussi Salakoski, Tapio Univ Turku Dept Informat Technol Doctoral Programme Multidisciplinary Res Learning SF-20500 Turku Finland Univ Turku Turku Ctr Comp Sci Turku Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781612844695

In this paper, we report a study on the differences of using a program visualization tool collaboratively or independently. We conducted a study, where students were divided randomly into two groups: the treatment group used a visualization tool called ViLLE in collaboration with another student, while the control group used the tool alone. During the study, we recorded screen captures and students' conversations. Our previous results confirmed that the treatment group outperformed the control group in the post-test in questions related to functions and in total score. Thus, we now annotated and tagged students' actions in answering the exercises, trying to find out an explanation for the difference in learning results. The results show, that the students working in collaboration spent more time answering the difficult exercises than the students working alone, and moreover, spent more time in higher level of engagement, both relatively and absolutely measured. Furthermore, we found out that the students working in pairs discussed the most when in the higher level of engagement and that almost all discussion was related to the exercise they were doing.

关键词： Collaboration engagement taxonomy programming learning program visualization

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Dynamic program visualizations - An Experience Report 14

Dynamic Program Visualizations - An Experience Report

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45th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)

作者： Cross, James H., II Hendrix, T. Dean Barowski, Larry A. Umphress, David A. Auburn Univ Auburn AL 36849 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450326056

In this paper, we describe our experiences using dynamic program visualizations in our Java-based CS1 and CS2 courses during the spring semester 2013. The visualizations were constructed by both faculty and students using the new viewer canvas in jGRASP. A public beta version was downloaded and installed in our computer labs and on student and faculty machines. program visualizations were used in the classroom as well as in lab activities and programming projects. Since the viewers had already been evaluated in controlled experiments, our focus was on ease of use of the viewer canvas by the students and the utility of the program visualizations in helping students understand their programs. Direct observations in the lab and individual meetings with students to discuss their work indicated that students could indeed build dynamic visualizations that, in conjunction with the debugger, helped them understand and correct bugs in their programs much more effectively than using the debugger alone.

关键词： program visualization algorithm animation data structures

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Visualizing the runtime behavior of embedded network systems: A toolkit for TinyOS

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programMING 2009年第7期74卷 446-469页

作者： Dalton, Andrew R. Wahba, Sally K. Dandamudi, Sravanthi Hallstrom, Jason O. Clemson Univ Sch Comp Clemson SC 29634 USA Western Carolina Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Cullowhee NC 28723 USA

TinyOS is an effective platform for developing lightweight embedded network applications. But the platform's lean programming model and power-efficient operation come at a price: TinyOS applications are notoriously difficult to construct, debug, and maintain. The development difficulties stem largely from a programming model founded on events and deferred execution. In short, the model introduces non-determinism in the execution ordering of primitive actions - an issue exacerbated by the fact that embedded network systems are inherently distributed and reactive. The resulting set of possible execution sequences for a given system is typically large and can swamp developers' unaided ability to reason about program behavior. In this paper, we present a visualization toolkit for TinyOS 2.0 to aid in program comprehension. The goal is to assist developers in reasoning about the computation forest underlying a system under test and the particular branches chosen during each run. The toolkit supports comprehension activities involving both local and distributed runtime *** constituent components include (i) a full-featured static analysis and instrumentation library, (ii) a selection-based probe insertion system, (iii) a lightweight event recording service, (iv) a trace extraction and reconstruction tool, and (v) three visualization front-ends. We demonstrate the utility of the toolkit using both standard and custom system examples and present an analysis of the toolkit's resource usage and performance characteristics. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embedded network systems Sensor networks TinyOS NesC program visualization program comprehension Dynamic analysis Static analysis

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JCAT: Collaborative active textbooks using Java

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS 1997年第14期29卷 1577-1586页

作者： Brown, MH Raisamo, R UNIV TAMPERE DEPT COMP SCIFIN-33101 TAMPEREFINLAND DEC SYST RES CTR PALO ALTOCA 94301

This paper describes JCAT, a Java-based system for building Web-based collaborative active textbooks on algorithms. JCAT augments the expressive power of Web pages for publishing passive multimedia information with a full-fledged interactive algorithm animation system. The system is built in such a way that views of a running program may reside on different machines, thereby making JCAT particularly well-suited for electronic classrooms. In such a setting, an instructor controls the animation, while students view the animation by painting their Web browsers at the appropriate page. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： algorithm animation program visualization BALSA Java electronic textbooks electronic classrooms applets remote objects

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