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MINDS AND MACHINES 2025年第2期35卷 1-29页

作者： Wiggershaus, Nick Lille Univ UMR 8163 STL Domaine Pont BoisRue BarreauBP 60149 F-59653 Villeneuve Dascq France

This article delivers an account of what it is for a physical system to be programmable. Despite its significance in computing and beyond, today's philosophical discourse on programmability is impoverished. This contribution offers a novel definition of physical programmability as the degree to which the selected operations of an automaton can be reconfigured in a controlled way. The framework highlights several key insights: the constrained applicability of physical programmability to material automata, the characterization of selected operations within the neo-mechanistic framework, the understanding of controlled reconfiguration through the causal theory of interventionism, and the recognition of physical programmability as a gradual notion. The account can be used to individuate programmable (computing) systems and taxonomize concrete systems based on their programmability. The article closes by posing some open questions and offering avenues for future research in this domain.

关键词： programmability Material Automata Mechanisms Interventionism Mutual Manipulability Automata Theory

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Magnet-Based Mechanical Logic Gates With programmability and Continuous Operation Capability in High-Radiation Environments

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IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2025年

作者： Pu, Huayan Mou, Lisheng Yuan, Shujin Zhu, Jiahao Zhang, Hongjia Luo, Jun Sun, Yu Chongqing Univ State Key Lab Mech Transmission Adv Equipment Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Lab Sci & Technol Integrated Logist Support Changsha 410073 Peoples R China Univ Toronto Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G8 Canada

Mechanical logic gates provide mechanical systems with the ability to process information, thereby promoting the evolution of mechanical computing. However, current mechanical logic gates rely on sustained energy to maintain their programmable logical functions, and they cannot achieve both programmability and the capability for continuous operation within a single framework. In this article, we propose a design strategy for mechanical logic gates that harnesses a magnetic bistable mechanism and a magnetic spring configuration, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing mechanical computing systems. Strategically adjusting parameters or reconfiguring kinematic pairs within magnetic interconnects achieves programmable logical functions that can be maintained without external energy. The continuous operation capability allows the output of logic gates to respond to varying inputs in real time, which enables mechanical computing systems to execute multiple computations continuously without resetting. Furthermore, we have experimentally validated the functioning of the mechanical logic gates under high-radiation environments, marking a significant stride for the application of mechanical computing in extreme conditions. This strategy paves the way for the development of mechanical computing systems that possess programmability and continuous operation capabilities concurrently, empowering them to execute complex operations in high-radiation environments.

关键词： Magnets Logic gates Logic Solenoids Integrated circuit interconnections Springs Magnetic switching Permanent magnets Magnetoelasticity Magnetic forces Continuous operation high-radiation validation magnetic bistable mechanism mechanical computing mechanical logic gates programmability

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Decentralized Services Computing Paradigm for Blockchain-Based Data Governance: programmability, Interoperability, and Intelligence

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING 2020年第2期13卷 343-355页

作者： Liu, Xuanzhe Sun, Sam Xun Huang, Gang Peking Univ Minist Educ Key Lab High Confidence Software Technol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ High Confidence Software Technol Ctr 111 Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Corp Natl Res Initiatives Reston VA 20191 USA

With the explosion of "big data" in the past decade, exploring and mining the value hidden in the data has already generated a lot of innovative applications, especially the recent advances of AI applications. The data governance, including activities of data creation, sharing, exchange, management, analytics, tracing, and accounting, has drawn a lot of attentions. Services computing establishes the foundation of current data governance, typically in a centralized fashion, e.g., the cloud-based storage services and analytic services. However, the potential values of big data distributed on the Internet are far away from being adequately explored. Considering the infrastructure revolution made by the blockchain, in this position article, we try to rethink a new data governance fashion that is built upon the blockchain-based decentralized services computing paradigm. The core principle is that data owners are able to publish their data as a set of services that can be deployed independently from the application systems where the data were born. Meanwhile, data owners can define service rules/policies where their data should be stored and how the data can be shared, and keep governing the whole lifecycle record of how their data are actually used. Similar to existing services computing paradigm, data users can search, discover, integrate, and analyze the data in a decentralized fashion. With this perspective, we try to discuss some key insights and enumerate several related new technologies and open challenges, in terms of programmability, interoperability, and intelligence.

关键词： Service computing Big Data Cloud computing Blockchain Companies Software Blockchain services computing decentralized big data governance programmability interoperability intelligence

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Performance and programmability comparison of the thick control flow architecture and current multicore processors

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2022年第3期78卷 3152-3183页

作者： Forsell, Martti Nikula, Sara Roivainen, Jussi Leppanen, Ville Traff, Jesper Larsson VTT Box 1100 FI-90571 Oulu Finland Univ Turku Dept Comp FI-20014 Turku Finland Vienna Univ Technol Fac Informat Vienna Austria

Commercial multicore central processing units (CPU) integrate a number of processor cores on a single chip to support parallel execution of computational tasks. Multicore CPUs can possibly improve performance over single cores for independent parallel tasks nearly linearly as long as sufficient bandwidth is available. Ideal speedup is, however, difficult to achieve when dense intercommunication between the cores or complex memory access patterns is required. This is caused by expensive synchronization and thread switching, and insufficient latency toleration. These facts guide programmers away from straight-forward parallel processing patterns toward complex and error-prone programming techniques. To address these problems, we have introduced the Thick control flow (TCF) Processor Architecture. TCF is an abstraction of parallel computation that combines self-similar threads into computational entities. In this paper, we compare the performance and programmability of an entry-level TCF processor and two Intel Skylake multicore CPUs on commonly used parallel kernels to find out how well our architecture solves these issues that greatly reduce the productivity of parallel software development. Code examples are given and programming experiences recorded.

关键词： Parallel computing Multiprocessors Thick control flow Performance comparison programmability

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Novel 4D-printed multi-stable metamaterials: programmability of force-displacement behaviour and deformation sequence

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024年第2278期382卷 20230366页

作者： Wan, Mengqi Yu, Keqin Zeng, Hao Khatibi, Akbar A. Yin, Meigui Sun, Huiyu Jinling Inst Technol Sch Mech & Elect Engn Nanjing 211169 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut State Key Lab Mech & Control Mech Struct Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Nanjing Fiberglass Res & Design Inst Co Ltd Nanjing 210012 Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Phys & Math Sci Nanjing 211800 Peoples R China RMIT Univ Sch Engn Bundoora 3083 Australia Wenzhou Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Wenzhou 325035 Peoples R China

The unique properties of metamaterials are determined by the configuration and spatial arrangement of artificially designed unit structures. However, the configuration and mechanical properties of conventional metamaterials are challenging to reverse and adjust. Based on curved beams, two types of novel three-dimensional (3D) multi-stable metamaterials with reconfigurable deformation and tunable mechanical properties are designed and fabricated using a four-dimensional (4D) printing method. The effects of temperature and curved-beam thickness on the force-displacement curves and multi-stable snapping sequence of the 3D multi-stable metamaterials are investigated by finite-element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In addition, based on the designed four-branch multi-stable metamaterials, three- and six-branched multi-stable structures are designed by changing the number of curved-beam branches. It is shown that, owing to shape memory effects, the 3D multi-stable metamaterials can realize mechanical programmability, and the multi-stable deformation sequence can be precisely regulated by varying the temperature and curved-beam thickness. These 4D-printed multi-stable metamaterials provide valuable contributions to the design of programmable multi-stable metamaterials and their applications in soft robots and intelligent *** article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 1)'.

关键词： multi-stable metamaterials shape memory effects 4D printing programmability

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Architecture for integrating vertical customer's programmability control of network functions and connectivity in a slice-as-a-service schema

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2021年第1期2021卷 1-16页

作者： Contreras, Luis M. Barguil, Samier Vilalta, Ricard Lopez, Victor Tel CTIO Unit Madrid Spain Univ Autonoma Madrid Madrid Spain Ctr Tecnol Telecomunicac Catalunya CTTC CERCA Barcelona Spain

Network slicing will permit offering to vertical customers tailored end-to-end logical networks in an on-demand fashion, on top of a common telecom infrastructure, achieving a Slices-as-a-Service (SlaaS) business model. This is possible due to the progressive introduction of network softwarization techniques, such as programmability and virtualization, into existing operational networks, enabling dynamic and flexible provision of slices. Those vertical customers could require the control not only of the network functions composing the end-to-end service, but also of the connectivity among them, e.g., for influencing the paths for steering traffic among function instances. However, this can be problematic since decisions from one vertical customer can collide with decisions from others. One aspect not yet sufficiently investigated is how to permit vertical customers to jointly control the service functions and the underlay connectivity, in such a way that could operate the allocated slice as if it was actually a dedicated network entirely for them. This paper explores some architectural proposition in this respect illustrated with some potential use cases and it provides an example of the provision of SlaaS for a vertical customer.

关键词： Network slicing Vertical services programmability

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Resource management in IaaS cloud platforms made flexible through programmability

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2014年第Aug.5期68卷 54-70页

作者： Wickboldt, Juliano Araujo Esteves, Rafael Pereira de Carvalho, Marcio Barbosa Granville, Lisandro Zambenedetti Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul Inst Informat BR-9500 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds are becoming a customary way to deploy modern Internet applications. Many cloud management platforms are available for one who wants to build a private or public IaaS cloud (e.g., OpenStack, Eucalyptus, OpenNebula). A common design aspect of current platforms regards their black-box-like controlling nature, where cloud administrators have few opportunities to influence how resources are actually managed (e.g., virtual machine placement or virtual link path selection). We envision that administrators could benefit from customizations in resource management strategies to achieve environment specific objectives or to enable application oriented resource allocation. In this article, we introduce a new concept of cloud management platform where resource management is made flexible by the addition of programmability to the core of the platform, with a simplified object-oriented API. We present a proof of concept prototype and an evaluation of three resource management programs on an emulated network using Linux virtualization containers and Open vSwitch running the OpenFlow protocol. Results show the feasibility of our approach and how optimization programs were able to achieve different objectives defined by the administrator. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： IaaS cloud Resource management Optimization programmability Aurora Platform

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Buckling of ultrastretchable kirigami metastructures for mechanical programmability and energy harvesting

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES 2021年 213卷 93-102页

作者： Wang, Yafei Wang, Changguo Harbin Inst Technol Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Natl Def Adv Composite Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Ctr Composite Mat Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Metastructures based on kirigami (the Japanese art of paper folding and cutting) have great potential for applications in stretchable electronics, bioprobes, and controllable optical and thermal devices. However, a theoretical framework for understanding the physics of their buckling behavior and to facilitate the search for ultrahigh stretchability has yet to be developed. Here, we present such a framework based on an energy approach. Closed-form analytical solutions and scaling laws are obtained for some key mechanical quantities, including flexibility, normalized flexibility, critical buckling strain, maximum tensile strain, elastic stretchability, normalized stretchability, and out-of-plane stiffness. Both experiments and numerical calculations are performed to validate the accuracy and scalability of the theoretical model. Systematic analyses of key mechanical quantities reveal how it is possible to bridge the gap between kirigami design by experience and by mechanically guided design, as well as how various dimensionless geometric parameters can be used to regulate buckling responses. Illustrative applications show that the ability to predict and tune the mechanical programmability of the proposed theoretical framework enables stable electromechanical conversion and programmable electromechanical kirigami with domino-like buckling. This work provides a foundation for further research and can also aid in the design of kirigami for use in programmable metastructures and metamaterials and energy harvesting. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Buckling Kirigami Flexibility Stretchability programmability Energy harvesting

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Series/parallel time-multiplexed switched-capacitor filters with programmability based on non-uniform sampling

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ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2006年第3期46卷 241-252页

作者： Ausín, JL Torelli, G Duque-Carrillo, JF Sánchez-Sinencio, E Univ Extremadura Dept Elect & Elect Engn E-06071 Badajoz Spain Univ Pavia Dept Elect I-27100 Pavia Italy Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

This paper presents an improved scheme for programmable time-multiplexed (TM) switched-capacitor (SC) filters. The proposed approach uses a novel sampling technique, which eliminates the need for resolution/area tradeoffs. The programmability of each processing channel is based on the use of non-uniform clock signals with noise-shaped sampling energy. No capacitor values are modified for programming frequency response parameters and, hence, the performance of the TM SC filter is not sacrificed for programmability. Such a sampling technique not only leads to an accurate frequency response control, but also allows the design procedures and the resulting SC circuit implementation to be simplified. A test-chip including a programmable second-order TM SC filter with a multiplexing order of four, which operates in series or in parallel mode, was fabricated in conventional CMOS technology. Measurement results demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed technique.

关键词： switched-capacitor filters time-division multiplexing programmability non-uniform sampling noise-shaping modulation

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Non-adaptive programmability of random oracle

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2015年 592卷 97-114页

作者： Bhattacharyya, Rishiraj Mukherjee, Pratyay Indian Stat Inst Kolkata India Aarhus Univ DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark

Random Oracles serve as an important heuristic for proving security of many popular and important cryptographic primitives. But, at the same time they are criticized due to the impossibility of practical instantiation. programmability is one of the most important features behind the power of Random Oracles. Unfortunately, in the standard hash functions, the feature of programmability is limited. In recent years, there have been endeavors to restrict programmability of random oracles. However, we observe that the existing models allow adaptive programming, that is, the reduction can program the random oracle adaptively in the online phase of the security game depending on the query received from the adversary, and thus are quite far from the standard model. In this paper, we introduce a new feature called non-adaptive programmability of random oracles, where the reduction can program the random oracle only in the pre-processing phase. In particular, it might non-adaptively program the RO by setting a regular function as a post-processor on the oracle output. We call this new model Non-Adaptively-Programmable Random Oracle (NAPRO) and we show that this model is actually equivalent to so-called Non-Programmable Random Oracle (NPRO) introduced by Fischlin et al. [8], hence too restrictive. However, we also propose a slightly stronger model, called Weak-Non-Adaptively-Programmable Random Oracle (WNAPRO), where in addition to non-adaptive programming, the reduction is allowed to adaptively extract some "auxiliary information" from the RO and this "auxiliary information" interestingly plays crucial role in the security proof allowing several important RO proofs to go through! In particular we prove the following results in WNAPRO model. 1. RSA-Full-Domain Hash signature scheme (RSA-FDH), and Boneh Franklin ID-based encryption scheme (BF-IDE) are secure in the WNAPRO model. This is in sharp contrast to strong blackbox proofs of FDH schemes, where full programmability seems

关键词： Random oracle programmability RSA-FDH TDP-KEM

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