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Synthesis of Restart States for Manufacturing Cell controllers

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2009年第5期42卷 263-268页

作者： Kristin Andersson Bengt Lennartson Martin Fabian Chalmers Automation Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

In earlier work we presented a method for restart of manufacturing systems. After correction of an error, the system resumes normal production by returning to a certain restart state in the control function, and from there reexecuting parts of the work schedule. The current paper concerns automatically finding ( synthesizing ) the restart states. The control function is modeled by finite automata, and properties of the restart states are defined. The synthesis process finds all possible restart states, guaranteeing that the execution restrictions are fulfilled during a restart, and that the production goals can be maintained. The error and the corrective actions preceding the restart need not be modeled; neither is it necessary to know the exact physical states of the machines at the time of the error. The number of restart states is finally minimized to reduce the need for extensions to the control program.

关键词： Discrete event systems manufacturing systems programmable controllers automatic restart system recovery fault tolerant systems

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A Kalman filter for feedback control of rotating external kink instabilities in the presence of noise

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PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 2009年第5期16卷 056112-056112页

作者： Hanson, Jeremy M. De Bono, Bryan Levesque, Jeffrey P. Mauel, Michael E. Maurer, David A. Navratil, Gerald A. Pedersen, Thomas Sunn Shiraki, Daisuke James, Royce W. Columbia Univ Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math New York NY 10027 USA US Coast Guard Acad New London CT 06320 USA Stevens Inst Technol Hoboken NJ 07030 USA

The simulation and experimental optimization of a Kalman filter feedback control algorithm for n=1 tokamak external kink modes are reported. In order to achieve the highest plasma pressure limits in ITER, resistive wall mode stabilization is required [T. C. Hender , Nucl. Fusion 47, S128 (2007)] and feedback algorithms will need to distinguish the mode from noise due to other magnetohydrodynamic activity. The Kalman filter contains an internal model that captures the dynamics of a rotating, growing n=1 mode. This model is actively compared with real-time measurements to produce an optimal estimate for the mode's amplitude and phase. On the High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse experiment [T. H. Ivers , Phys. Plasmas 3, 1926 (1996)], the Kalman filter algorithm is implemented using a set of digital, field-programmable gate array controllers with 10 mu s latencies. Signals from an array of 20 poloidal sensor coils are used to measure the n=1 mode, and the feedback control is applied using 40 poloidally and toroidally localized control coils. The feedback system with the Kalman filter is able to suppress the external kink mode over a broad range of phase angles between the sensed mode and applied control field. Scans of filter parameters show good agreement between simulation and experiment, and feedback suppression and excitation of the kink mode are enhanced in experiments when a filter made using optimal parameters from the scans is used.

关键词： digital control feedback field programmable gate arrays Kalman filters kink instability physical instrumentation control plasma magnetohydrodynamics plasma pressure plasma toroidal confinement programmable controllers Tokamak devices

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Polynomial modal control for sampled data systems with delay

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AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL 2008年第6期69卷 953-967页

作者： Lampe, B. P. Rosenwasser, E. N. Univ Rostock Rostock Germany State Marine Tech Univ St Petersburg Russia

The problem of modal sampled-data control for continuous-time linear time-invariant plant with delay is considered. The characteristic matrix of the system is constructed. An algorithm is given for generating the set of causal discrete-time controllers that place eigenvalues of the characteristic matrix at specified points of the complex plane.

关键词： LINEAR time invariant systems LINEAR systems DISCRETE-time systems DIGITAL control systems SYSTEM analysis programmable controllers EIGENVALUES COMPUTER algorithms

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Precision analog bests digital in speed, noise, simplicity, and ease of implementation

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EDN 2008年第21期53卷 57-58页

作者： Antonucci, Paul Albertis Window Watertown MA USA

The author describes a precision analog electronic circuit he designed for the sensors of the drive mechanism of a group of robotically controlled, Internet-accessible telescopes in an education application. According to the author, the problem is that the drive mechanism have been showing signs of wear from excess slipping at end of travel. To address the challenge of encoding two sensors onto the digital signal available, the author use a digital approach that involve adding a small microcontroller to the base and encoding a serial digital signal to send up the tube, with appropriate synchronous pulses, data and check sums. which then would undergo decoding at the central processing unit (CPU).

关键词： ELECTRONIC circuit design LOGIC design ANALOG electronic systems ELECTRONIC controllers programmable controllers ASTRONOMICAL instruments

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TeleLab - Remote Automations Lab in Real Time

TeleLab - Remote Automations Lab in Real Time

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IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008

作者： Macias, Manuel E. Mendez, Israel ITESM Campus Monterrey Monterrey 64849 NL Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419692

Automation is rapidly evolving, having a profound impact in the way we do work. Such development and the rapid integration of automation systems into most of the engineering processes call for constant, efficient training into automation and control systems. However, this kind of equipment is very expensive, constantly limiting both universities and private companies to have training facilities that are not widely available or, definitely, to not being able to have these facilities at all. The present paper establishes a scheduling/connection scheme for real remote automation laboratories based in common automation protocols for connection, image acquisition systems, and their publication for remote access in real time, interconnecting all the elements by a server, reducing the needed space for traditional automation laboratories, the staff needed to operate it, and the overall cost of equipment required, as well as allowing the lab practices to be customizable.

关键词： Distance Learning Laboratory Education programmable controllers Tele training

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Automation of Compressor Test Procedure using Advantech Data Acquisition Module

Automation of Compressor Test Procedure using Advantech Data...

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10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision

作者： Mazid, Abdul Md Martin, Ryan Cent Queensland Univ Fac Sci Engn & Hlth Rockhampton Qld 4702 Australia Monash Univ Dept Engn Mech Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424422869

This article offers a newly design and built industrial automation technique for compressor testing procedures for their final tests of assembled compressors. Sequential total test procedure activities for a model of twin screw compressor tests have been developed. In this particular project it is developed how some of the activities can be automated using ADAM programmable data communication module communicating with a PC. For data listening such as pressure and temperature values of a compressor a pressure transducer of model Energair T-16 and a temperature sensor of model OMEGA TAC80B-K, respectively, have been successfully used at the experimental stage. The output derivatives were displayed using GUI on a computer screen for visualization as well as recorded in the computer memory for further uses. The GUI screen was developed using Java programming technique. The results of the research based experimental project could be valuable information and technology usable in compressor manufacturing industries as well as for compressor using industries.

关键词： compressor testing programmable controllers screw compressor compressor commissioning

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Patching processor design errors with programmable hardware

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IEEE MICRO 2007年第1期27卷 12-25页

作者： Sarangi, Smruti Narayanasamy, Satish Carneal, Bruce Tiwari, Abhishek Calder, Brad Torrellas, Josep Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Comp Sci San Diego CA 92103 USA

Equipping processors with programmable hardware to patch design errors lets manufacturers release regular hardware patches, avoiding costly chip recalls and potentially speeding time to market. For each error detected, the manufacturer creates a fingerprint, which the customer uses to program the hardware. The hardware watches for error conditions;when they arise, it takes action to avoid the error.

关键词： COMPUTER architecture INFORMATION technology programmable controllers PRODUCTION standards MICROPROCESSORS DEBUGGING in computer science EXECUTION traces (Computer program testing) MICROTECHNOLOGY AMD microprocessors PENTIUM (Microprocessor) DESIGN & construction

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A hybrid approach to modelling, control and state estimation of mechanical systems with backlash

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL 2007年第11期80卷 1729-1740页

作者： Rostalski, P. Besselmann, T. Baric, M. Van Belzenz, F. Morari, M. ETH Automat Control Lab CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

Control of mechanical systems with backlash is a topic well studied by many control practitioners. This interest has been motivated by the fact that backlash in mechanical systems can cause severe performance degradation and lead to instability of the control system. Furthermore, high impact-forces in backlash-systems can lead to a lower durability of the components and to strokes and peaks in the output. In this paper a mechanical benchmark system is presented to provide facilities for testing the identification and control of systems with backlash. For controller design a hybrid model of the system was derived and used in a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. Observer-based state-estimation was used to recover unmeasured states, particularly the backlash angle. Explicit solutions of a tracking controller were computed to control the mechanical benchmark system in realtime. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented to show the applicability of this hybrid control approach.

关键词： AUTOMATIC control PREDICTIVE control programmable controllers ELECTRONIC controllers ROBUST control

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Build a complete industrial-ADC interface using a microcontroller and a sigma-delta modulator

EDN

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EDN 2007年第14期52卷 63-+页

作者： Weber, Patrick Windish, Craig Siemens Energy Automat Pittsburgh PA USA

Designers commonly use 0- to 20-mA, 0 to 10V isolated inputs forindustrial-application-control signals. A combination of isolated supplies, the built-in isolationof an Analog Devices (***) AD7400 sigma-delta modulator, and a Texas Instruments(***) MSP430 microcontroller creates a design for industrial designers requiring complete,isolated, and robust analog-signal interfaces. A precise signal-conditioning circuit generates thesmall differential voltage that the AD7400 requires (Figure 1). The circuit generates the required200-mV differential voltage. For clarity, the figure omits overvoltage diodes and protectioncircuits.

关键词： Process control programmable controllers Electronic controllers Diodes Electric circuits programmable peripheral interfaces Computer interfaces

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Modelling and verification of program logic controllers using timed automata

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第4期1卷 127-131页

作者： Wang, R. Song, X. Gu, M. Tsinghua Univ Sch Software Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Portland State Univ Dept ECE Portland OR 97207 USA

Validation is an important task in complex embedded system designs. A method of modelling and analysing embedded systems with programmable logic controllers is presented. controllers and physical plants are modelled using timed automata. The system requirements are specified and formalised as computational tree logic properties. It is demonstrated that the designed model satisfies the required properties by resorting to a symbolic model checker, Uppaal, for real-time systems. A realistic example, the steeve controller of a theatre, illustrates the strategies. The safety and time constraint requirements are validated by Uppaal. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach presented here.

关键词： formal verification computational tree logic complex embedded system designs automata theory Automata theory systems analysis program logic controllers timed automata programmable controllers programmable controllers Formal methods embedded systems

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