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SINGLE CHIP IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEVINSON ALGORITHM

IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1985年第5期20卷 1072-1079页

作者： KONSTANTINIDES, K TYREE, VC YAO, K UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES DEPT COMP SCILOS ANGELESCA 90024 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES DEPT ELECT ENGNLOS ANGELESCA 90024

The design, implementation, and testing procedure are presented for a single chip implementation of the Levinson algorithm. This algorithm provides an iterative procedure for the solution of certain systems of linear equations and is used in many basic problems in communications and signal processing. This chip consists of a 1200-bit RAM memory, a divider based on the nonrestoring division algorithm, a recorder-based multiplier suitable for pipelined operations, and a controller that consists of two PLAs and six address registers. Modifications of the algorithm permit the parallel use of both the multiplier and the divider. The design is done in 4-/spl mu/m NMOS technology, and 12-bit-long operants in two's complement are used. By using a 5-MHz two-phase clock, the chip can compute 20 iterations of the algorithm in approximately 675 /spl mu/s. Application to lattice filtering in linear data channel equilization is considered. Off-line testing of the chip can be done effectively with minimum additional hardware through separate data and control buses.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Iterative algorithms Testing Algorithm design and analysis Equations Read-write memory Random access memory Communication system control programmable logic arrays Registers

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Transformational DT-CNN design from morphological specifications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1998年第9期45卷 879-888页

作者： ter Brugge, MH Nijhuis, JAG Spaanenburg, L Univ Groningen Dept Comp Sci NL-9700 AV Groningen Netherlands

Morphology provides the algebraic means to specify operations on images. Discrete-time cellular neural networks (DT-CNN's) mechanize the execution of operations on images, The paper first shows the equivalence between morphological functions and DT-CNN's, Then, the argument is extended to the synthesis of optimal DT-CNN structures from complex morphological expressions. It is shown that morphological specifications may be freely derived, to be subsequently transformed and adopted to the needs of a specific target technology. This process of technology mapping can be automated along the well-trodden path in CAD for microelectronics.

关键词： Cellular neural networks Image processing programmable logic arrays Morphology Design optimization Differential equations Algorithm design and analysis Image reconstruction Network synthesis Microelectronics

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THE NEW UA1 CALORIMETER TRIGGER PROCESSOR

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1989年第1期36卷 364-369页

作者： BAIRD, SA BAINS, N CAMPBELL, D CAWTHRAW, M CHARLTON, D COUGHLAN, J EISENHANDLER, E ELLIS, N FENSOME, I FLYNN, P GALAGADERA, S GARVEY, J GRAYER, G GREGORY, J HALSALL, R JIMACK, MP JOVANOVIC, P KENYON, IR LANDON, M SHAH, TP STEPHENS, R UNIV LONDON QUEEN MARY COLL LONDON E1 4NSENGLAND RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB DIDCOT OX11 0QXOXONENGLAND

The UA1 first level trigger processor (TP) is a fast digital machine with a highly parallel pipelined architecture of fast combinational and programmable transistor-transistor logic controlled by programmable microsequencers. The TP uses 100000 ICs (integrated circuits) housed in 18 crates each containing 21 FASTBUS-sized molecules. It is hardwired with a very high level of interconnection. The energy deposited in the upgraded calorimeter is digitized into 1700 bytes of input data every beam crossing (3.8 mus). The processor selects in 1.5 mus events for further processing (1 in 30000). The trigger has improved hadron jet rejection, achieved by requiring low-energy deposition around the electromagnetic cluster. A missing-transverse-energy trigger and a total-energy trigger have also been implemented

关键词： Electrons Poles and towers Mesons Educational institutions Laboratories Architecture programmable logic arrays programmable logic devices programmable control Fastbus

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THE DESIGN OF A FULLY INTEGRATED GRAPHICS SYSTEM

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1988年第2期23卷 368-376页

作者： TORRANCE, RR SADLER, SP LAMOUREUX, JP LAMARCHE, J FRANK, DJ LEVEILLE, F Silicart Inc. Vaudreuil QUE Canada Bell Northern Research Limited Ottawa ONT Canada Silicart Inc. Vaudreuil Que. Canada

The architecture and design of a CMOS chip implementing a medium-resolution graphics system are described. The chip, requiring no external support logic, outputs analog RGB signals at a 40-MHz pixel rate and directly controls a bit-map video RAM (VRAM) memory array. Scan rates and display formats are completely programmable. Pixels stored in the 1 K*1 K bit map can be any of 16 colors taken from a 4096-color palette. The chip can be directly interfaced to most common microprocessors. A 6.7-MIPS (million-instruction-per-second) internal reduced instruction set computer (RISC) CPU directly implements high-level graphics commands. The chip achieves a maximum draw speed of 10 million pixels/s. Designed in a Lisp machine environment, the 100000-transistor chip is implemented in 1.8- mu m CMOS and contains standard cells, RAM, ROM, a color table, and three four-bit current-steered digital-to-analog converters (DACs).< >

关键词： Graphics logic arrays Read-write memory CMOS logic circuits Random access memory programmable logic arrays Computer displays Color Microprocessors Computer aided instruction

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Effect of Sepiolite on the Crystallization Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) as an Efficient Nucleating Agent

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2015年第5期55卷 1104-1112页

作者： Wu, Jun Zou, Xiaoxuan Jing, Bo Dai, Wenli Xiangtan Univ Coll Chem Inst Polymer Sci & Engn Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Peoples R China

To enhance the crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), fibrous sepiolite was explored for nucleating the crystallization of PLA. PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were prepared via the melt-extrusion method. The effect of sepiolite on the crystallization behavior, spherulite growth and crystal structure of PLA were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning election microscope (SEM). On the basis of DSC and POM results, the overall crystallization kinetics of PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were significantly enhanced leading to higher crystallinity and nucleation density, faster spherulite growth rate (G) and lower crystallization half-time (t(1/2)) compared with the neat PLA. Under non-isothermal conditions, the PLA blend comprising 1.0 wt% of sepiolite still revealed two crystallization peaks upon cooling at a rate of 35 degrees C/min. Above phenomena strongly suggested that sepiolite was an effective nucleating agent for PLA. FTIR and WAXD analyses confirmed that the crystal structure of PLA matrix was the most common -form. SEM micrographics illustrated the fine three-dimensional spherulite structures with the lath-shape lamellae regularly arranged in radial directions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1104-1112, 2015. (c) 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： programmable logic arrays Crystallization sepiolite Differential scanning calorimetry microfilm crystal structure poly(lactic acid)

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APPLICATION OF programmable logic CONTROLLERS FOR PIPELINE LOCAL AND REMOTE-CONTROL

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 1988年第6期24卷 1082-1088页

作者： WILSON, JE BRIED, F General Engineering Department Shell Oil Company Houston TX USA

A study of the application of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) incorporating a cathode-ray-tube/keyboard display and supervisory control and data acquisitions functions for pipeline-station control applications was made for the Shell Pipe Line Corporation. Sufficient equipment-sequencing and control functions have been implemented with PLCs to indicate that they offered many benefits that were not yet fully recognized. The study, its conclusions, and recommendations are discussed. The application techniques used to implement the programmable logic controllers, replacing pneumatic logic, on a gas-engine-driven pump-station automation project are described.< >

关键词： programmable logic arrays programmable logic devices programmable control Pipelines Control systems SCADA systems Automatic control Displays Communication system control Three-term control

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Game Theoretic Physical Layer Authentication for Spoofing Detection in UAV Communications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2022年第6期71卷 6750-6755页

作者： Zhou, Yi Yeoh, Phee Lep Kim, Kyeong Jin Ma, Zheng Li, Yonghui Vucetic, Branka Southwest Jiaotong Univ Key Lab Informat Coding & Transmiss Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Elect & Informat Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs Cambridge MA 02139 USA Southwest Jiaotong Univ State Key Lab Rail Transit Engn Informatizat FSDI Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China

In this paper, we propose a game theoretic framework for secure physical layer authentication (PLA) by applying the spatial correlations of received signal strength (RSS) in the air-to-ground channels between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a legitimate transmitter, and a spoofer. Based on our hypothesis model, we first derive the false alarm rate and miss detection rate for the UAV receiver. We then formulate a zero-sum PLA game where the UAV receiver selects its RSS detection threshold while the spoofer selects its attack probability to maximize their respective utilities. We derive the Nash equilibrium (NE) and its existence condition for the proposed PLA game. Monte Carlo simulation results accurately verify our analytical expressions for the false alarm rate and miss detection rate. Numerical results highlight the complex interplay between the detection threshold, spoofing attack probability and UAV altitude in the derived NE.

关键词： Receivers programmable logic arrays Games Autonomous aerial vehicles Transmitters Wireless communication Authentication Game theory physical layer authentication received signal strength UAV communications

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Blind Polarization Demultiplexing of Shaped QAM Signals Assisted by Temporal Correlations

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2024年第2期42卷 560-571页

作者： Bajaj, Vinod Van de Plas, Raf Wahls, Sander Delft Univ Technol Delft Ctr Syst & Control NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Vanderbilt Univ Mass Spectrometry Res Ctr Nashville TN 37240 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Biochem Nashville TN 37240 USA Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT Inst Ind Informat Technol Karlsruhe TN Germany

While probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) enables rate and reach adaption with finer granularity [1] (Cho and Winzer, 2009), it imposes signal processing challenges at the receiver. Since the distribution of PCS-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals tends to be Gaussian, conventional blind polarization demultiplexing algorithms are not suitable for them [2] (Johnson et al., 1998). It is known that independently and identically distributed (iid) Gaussian signals, when mixed, cannot be recovered/separated from their mixture. For PCS-QAM signals, there are algorithms such as [3] and [4] Dris et al. (2019) and Athuraliya et al. (2004) which are designed by extending conventional blind algorithms used for uniform QAM signals. In these algorithms, an initialization point is obtained by processing only a part of the mixed signal, which have non-Gaussian statistics. In this article, we propose an alternative method wherein we add temporal correlations at the transmitter, which are subsequently exploited at the receiver in order to separate the polarizations. We will refer to the proposed method as frequency domain (FD) joint diagonalization (JD) probability aware-multi modulus algorithm (pr-MMA), and it is suited to channels with moderate polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effects. Furthermore, we extend our previously proposed JD-MMA [5] (Bajaj et al., 2022) by replacing the standard MMA with a pr-MMA, improving its performance. Both FDJD-pr-MMA and JD-pr-MMA are evaluated for a diverse range of PCS (entropy {H ) of 64-QAM over a first-order PMD channel that is simulated in a proof-of-concept setup. A MMA initialized with a memoryless constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is used as a benchmark. We show that at a differential group delay (DGD) of 10% of symbol period T (symb) and 18 dB SNR/pol., JD-pr-MMA successfully demultiplexes the PCS signals, while CMA-MMA fails drastically. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the newly proposed FDJD-pr-MMA is robust against mo

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Symbols Quadrature amplitude modulation Demultiplexing Correlation Optical fiber dispersion programmable logic arrays Digital signal processing optical fiber communication polarization demultiplexing probabilistic constellation shaping

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The hybrid field-programmable architecture

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1999年第2期16卷 74-83页

作者： Kaviani, A Brown, S Univ Toronto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

The authors propose a new architecture that combines two existing technologies: lookup-table-based FPGAs and complex programmable logic devices based on PLA-like blocks. Their mapping results indicate that on overage ... 详细信息

关键词： programmable logic arrays Table lookup Field programmable gate arrays Computer architecture logic devices logic design programmable logic devices Circuit testing logic testing Inverters

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Microwave Characterization of Conductive PLA and Its Application to a 12 to 18 GHz 3-D Printed Rotary Vane Attenuator

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 84327-84343页

作者： Marquez-Segura, Enrique Shin, Sang-Hee Dawood, Attique Ridler, Nick M. Lucyszyn, Stepan Univ Malaga Dept Ingn Comunicac ETS Ingn Telecomunicac Malaga 29010 Spain Imperial Coll London Dept Elect & Elect Engn London SW7 2AZ England Natl Phys Lab NPL Dept Electromagnet & Electrochem Technol Teddington TW11 0LW Middx England

This paper demonstrates an ultra-light weight microwave rotary vane attenuator (RVA) manufactured using polymer-based 3-D printing. In addition, for the first time, conductive polylactic acid (PLA) is rigorously characterized across both X- and Ku-bands (8 to 18 GHz);while acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS) has similarly been characterized across Ku-band (12 to 18 GHz). Using the results from the conductive PLA characterization process, an electromagnetic model was created for predicting the performance of the RVA. It is shown that, even with its complex internal geometrical features, a mix of both dielectric and conductive PLA building materials, an assembly of multiple parts and a mechanically rotating central section, our experimental proof-of-concept prototype RVA exhibits excellent measured performance across Ku-band. This tunable microwave control device represents a higher-level of functionality for additive manufacturing, when compared to a fixed (i.e., non-movable) 3-D printed structure, opening the way for other groups to routinely 3-D print custom microwave components and subsystems in the not too distant future.

关键词： Blades programmable logic arrays Rectangular waveguides Electromagnetic waveguides Polymers Attenuators Attenuation Rotary vane attenuator (RVA) additive manufacturing 3-D printing fused deposition modelling (FDM) polymer-jetting (PolyJet) acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS) polylactic acid (PLA) conductive PLA microwave dielectric characterization circular waveguide rectangular waveguide

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