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QoS adaptive transports: Delivering scalable media to the desktop

IEEE NETWORK 1997年第2期11卷 18-27页

作者： Campbell, AT Coulson, G UNIV LANCASTER LANCASTER LA1 4YWENGLAND

By trading off temporal and spatial quality with available bandwidth, or manipulating the playout time of continuous media in response to variation in delay, audio and video flows can be made to adapt to fluctuating network conditions with minimal perceptual distortion. In this article the authors describe the implementation of an adaptive transport system that incorporates a QoS-oriented API and a range of QoS mechanisms that best assist multimedia applications in adapting to fluctuations in the delivered network QoS. The system, which is an instantiation of the transport and network layers of a QoS architecture, is implemented in a multi-ATM switch network environment with Linux-based PC end systems and continuous media file servers. A performance evaluation of the system configured to support a video-on-demand application scenario is presented and discussed. A novel aspect of the system is the implementation of a ''QoS adaptation'' algorithm which allows applications to delegate to the transport system responsibility for augmenting or reducing the perceptual quality of video and audio flows when network resource availability increases or decreases, respectively.

关键词： Protocols Multimedia systems Jitter Monitoring Bandwidth Delay Fluctuations Switches Resource management programmable logic arrays

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Miniaturization and Fabrication of a Novel Cross-Fractal Biosensor and Sensor for Characterizing 3D Printing Electromagnetic Properties in Polylactic Acid

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 33045-33056页

作者： Zinelabiddine, Mezache Alzahrani, Abdullah Alwabli, Abdullah Jaffar, Amar Ali, Enas Alzaidi, Mohammed S. Univ Ferhat Abbas Set Inst Opt & Precis Mech Setif 19000 Algeria Taif Univ Coll Engn Dept Elect Engn Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Umm Al Qura Univ Coll Engn & Comp Al Qunfudhah Dept Elect Engn Mecca 24382 Saudi Arabia Umm Al Qura Univ Coll Comp Comp & Network Engn Dept Mecca 21955 Saudi Arabia Future Univ Egypt Fac Engn & Technol New Cairo 11835 Egypt Chitkara Univ Inst Engn & Technol Ctr Res Impact & Outcome Rajpura 140401 Punjab India

This study presents a new approach for characterizing the 3D printing electromagnetic properties in Polylactic Acid (PLA) using a novel cross-fractal sensor. The CST Studio Suite simulation, employing the finite element method (FEM), and the ADS simulation software, based on the equivalent circuit of this novel sensor, are utilized to enhance confidence in the convergence of simulation and measurement results. The analysis confirms that the real sensor, based on a cross-sectional fractal resonator, exhibits excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity. Sensor performance is evaluated through two methods: the frequency-based approach and the S11 parameter analysis. In the frequency-based method, the sensor demonstrates a typical sensitivity of 0.0302 GHz/cm(3), while in the S11 parameter analysis, it exhibits a typical sensitivity of 0.3065 dB/cm(3). These results underscore the high sensitivity and linearity of this innovative sensor. The using of this novel cross fractal sensor, it promises to show how to properly adjust 3D printer parameters, potentially setting the "infill percentage" of the 3D print, this is because the proportion of air present changes when the printing percentage is changed, which can lead to ( epsilon r ) and loss-tangent (tan (delta)) with varying the infill percentage, by the resonance frequency (fr) approach demonstrates a characteristic sensitivity of 0.1822 GHz/RIU. The experimental study confirmed that the fabricated sensor exhibits miniaturization (with an electrical size of lambda 0/8), high sensitivity, and excellent linearity in the frequency approach, with a typical sensitivity of 0.004615 GHz/%. The suggested biosensor demonstrated its capability to detect low concentrations of ethanol. These aqueous solutions, containing known alcohols like ethanol in low concentrations, enables identification of Halal and alcohol-free products in food sensing applications.

关键词： Fractals Robot sensing systems Three-dimensional printing Sensitivity Antennas Resonant frequency programmable logic arrays Biosensors Network analyzers Permittivity measurement Fractal forms 3D printing sensor biosensor network analyzer loss-tangent sensitivity permittivity

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BEHAVIORAL-MODEL SYNTHESIS WITH CONES

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1988年第3期5卷 22-30页

作者： STROUD, CE MUNOZ, RR PIERCE, DA AT and T Bell Laboratories Inc. USA

The Cones synthesis system for automatic generation of VLSI implementations is discussed. Named for the cones in sequential logic, Cones takes behavioral models written in C and produces gate-level implementations in technologies such as standard cells and programmable logic arrays or programmable logic devices. The overall design is produced faster, more efficiently, and with fewer errors. Designers are free to concentrate on functions, instead of on the details of the implementation technology.

关键词： programmable logic arrays programmable logic devices logic devices Hardware Production Circuits Boolean functions Testing Prototypes Process design

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programmable Resistive-Switch Nanowire Transistor logic Circuits

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NANO LETTERS 2014年第9期14卷 5430-5436页

作者： Shim, Wooyoung Yao, Jun Lieber, Charles M. Harvard Univ Dept Chem & Chem Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Yonsei Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Harvard Univ Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

programmable logic arrays (PLA) constitute a promising architecture for developing increasingly complex and functional circuits through nanocomputers from nanoscale building blocks. Here we report a novel one-dimensional PLA element that incorporates resistive switch gate structures on a semiconductor nanowire and show that multiple elements can be integrated to realize functional PLAs. In our PLA element, the gate coupling to the nanowire transistor can be modulated by the memory state of the resistive switch to yield programmable active (transistor) or inactive (resistor) states within a well-defined logic window. Multiple PLA nanowire elements were integrated and programmed to yield a working 2-to-4 demultiplexer with long-term retention. The well-defined, controllable logic window and long-term retention of our new one-dimensional PLA element provide a promising route for building increasingly complex circuits with nanoscale building blocks.

关键词： Nanoprocessor nanocomputing nanoelectronics programmable logic arrays crossbar arrays memory

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MICROCONTROLLER COMPATIBLE CLOCK CHIP DESIGN USING FIELD programmable GATE ARRAY

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1991年第3期37卷 629-634页

作者： NOORE, A Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering West Virginia University USA

The design and implementation of a microcontroller compatible real time clock using Field programmable Gate Array is presented. The relatively short cycle time to develop a product from concept to the final chip is de... 详细信息

关键词： Microcontrollers Clocks Chip scale packaging Field programmable gate arrays Costs Application specific integrated circuits Time to market Protection Manufacturing programmable logic arrays

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Random-access data storage components in customized architectures

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 2001年第3期18卷 40-54页

作者： Nachtergaele, L Catthoor, F Kulkarni, C IMEC Multimedia Image Compress Syst Grp B-3001 Louvain Belgium

This tutorial covers the basic design choices involved in customized data storage, including those for register files, local memory, caches, and main memory.

关键词： Random access memory programmable logic arrays Registers Read only memory Classification tree analysis Cache storage logic circuits Read-write memory EPROM PROM

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A journey across the solid state polymerization to assess the role of critical factors influencing the molecular weight of polylactic acid

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JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY 2019年第2期25卷 165-171页

作者： Davoodi, Vida Montazeri Ahmadi, Zahed Taromi, Faramarz Afshar Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Polymer Engn & Color Technol Tehran Iran Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Chem Tehran Iran

Solid state polymerization (SSP) offers an effective route for synthesizing green polymers with variable molecular weights depending on polymerization condition. In this work, critical factors governing the molecular weight of polylactic acid (PLA) in the course of SSP are manipulated systematically and their contributions to the efficiency of SSP process are discussed. The initial molecular weight of the prepolymer formed, the degree of crystallinity of prepolymer, and the SSP time are changed and analyzed for their effects through different analyses including differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. It was observed that PLA having highest molecular weight would be the result of formation of a prepolymer having low-molecular weight, as detected by the analysis of functional group concentration. For the optimized sample, the rate of mass loss in SSP was 12,263 g/*** and a crystallinity drop over the hydrolysis process was 3.14 per day. The crystallinity of prepolymers was optimized at ca. 26% in regard with the PLA showing the highest molecular weight. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:165-171, 2019. (c) 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： poly(lactic acid) mass loss LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMERISATION CONDITIONS prepolymers key factors Crystallinity programmable logic arrays Molecular weights COPPER ALLOY NO 314 solid state Polymerization

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DESIGN AIDS FOR VLSI - A PERSPECTIVE REVISITED

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1985年第2期2卷 106-115页

作者： NEWTON, AR PEDERSON, DO SANGIOVANNIVINCENTELLI, AL University of California Berkeley

An overview is presented of research areas whose primary goal is to forge an advanced and flexible IC design environment, coupling design methods with state-of-the-art, IC-oriented design and verification tools for the design of advanced integrated circuits and systems. Another major aspect of the research is the relationship between computer architecture and the CAD algorithms best suited to such architectures.

关键词： Very large scale integration Algorithm design and analysis Design automation Computer architecture programmable logic arrays Computational modeling Computer simulation Circuit simulation Integrated circuit modeling Design optimization

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A Resonant Pulley Rotary Actuator for Scanning Capsule Endoscopy

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023年第16期35卷 891-894页

作者： Tekin, Engincan Erten, Ahmet Can Yelten, Mustafa Berke Ferhanoglu, Onur Istanbul Tech Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept TR-34469 Istanbul Turkiye

We present a compact electromagnetically actuated 3D-printed rotary actuator for use in Scanning Capsule Endoscopy. The actuator comprises two cantilevers connected to a rotating body via nylon strings. External coils and the magnets placed on the cantilevers create an electromagnetic force with which the rotation can be initiated. Opposite coils are driven out-of-phase to enable resonant actuation. An electrical circuit model and finite element simulation results of the fundamental mode frequency are provided for the designed device. The design is manufactured via fused deposition modeling using polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Experimental results reveal a 98. total scan angle at 21 Hz resonance for the TPU actuator and a 19.7. total scan angle at 237 Hz resonance for the PLA actuator. Overall, the presented rotary actuator compares favorably over i) micromotor counterparts in terms of form factor (having a diameter of 13 mm and a total height of 7 mm) and ii) MEMS counterparts in terms of total scan angle. Manufacturing cost and duration are yet other benefits of the presented device, owing to 3D printing technique. With further development, the presented device can serve within a disposable capsule endoscopy unit for clinical use.

关键词： Actuators Endoscopes Solid modeling programmable logic arrays Integrated circuit modeling Finite element analysis Coils Electromagnetic actuation 3D-printing fused-deposition-modelling laser scanning endoscopy

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Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polylactic Acid Biocomposites Plasticized with Polyethylene Glycol

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2010年第7期31卷 1213-1222页

作者： Taib, Razaina Mat Ramarad, Suganti Ishak, Zainal Arifin Mohd Todo, Mitsugu Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Mat & Mineral Resources Engn Nibong Tebal 14300 Penang Malaysia Kyushu Univ Res Inst Appl Mech Fukuoka 8168580 Japan

Biocomposites of kenaf fiber (KF) and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared by an internal mixer and compression molding. PLA was plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10 wt%) and evaluated as the polymer matrix (p-PLA). Fiber loadings were varied between 0 and 40 wt%. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties and water absorption behavior of these composites were studied. Reinforcing effect of KF was observed when fiber loading exceeded 10 wt% despite of the inferior fiber-matrix adhesion observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Un-plasticized PLA/KF composite exhibited higher tensile properties than its plasticized counterpart. Fiber breakage and heavily coated short pulled-out of fibers were observed from the SEM micrographs of the composite. The presence of PEG might have disturbed the fiber-matrix interaction between KF and PLA in the plasticized composites. Addition of PEG slightly improved the un-notched impact strength of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage and loss moduli of p-PLA/KF composites increased with the increase in fiber loading due to increasing restrictions to mobility of the polymer molecules. The tan delta of the composites in contrast showed an opposite trend. p-PLA and p-PLA/KF composites exhibited non-Fickian behavior of water absorption. SEM examination revealed microcracks on p-PLA and p-PLA/KF surfaces. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1213-1222, 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： Composites Fiber programmable logic arrays KF Impact strengths TENSILE PROPERTIES Scanning Electron Microscope BIOCOMPOSITE LOSS MODULUS Hibiscus cannabinus

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