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GRAPH THEORETIC ALGORITHMS FOR THE PLA FOLDING PROBLEM

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1989年第9期8卷 1014-1021页

作者： LECKY, JE MURPHY, OJ ABSHER, RG Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Vermont Burlington VT USA

Graph theoretic properties of the PLA folding problem which not only give insight into the various folding problems but also provide efficient algorithms for solving the problems are presented. This work is based on the transformation of the PLA into graphs where cliques (completely connected subgraphs) in the graphs correspond to PLA folding sets. A simple heuristic technique known as the greedy algorithm can often identify near-maximum cliques in polynomial time. Experimental data show that this technique is extremely effective when applied to the graphs which generally arise in folding. Variations of the general folding problem such as bipartite folding and constrained folding are addressed.< >

关键词： programmable logic arrays Combinational circuits Hardware Merging Greedy algorithms Polynomials Heuristic algorithms MOS devices Signal generators

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THE 3D KALEIDOSCOPE

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IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 1988年第5期8卷 9-14页

作者： BLINN, JF Caltech Pasadena USA

The author presents a method for constructing platonic solids that takes advantage of their symmetry. This works well with a coordinate transform system, since symmetry is based on coordinate transformations. He treats the cube and other related shapes, using a seed-triangle element that can be rotated and reflected to generate the shape. He shows that the seed triangle can be replaced with any shape whatever, and all the replications will generate a result that also shares the symmetry of the cube. By making the seed shape rotate and move about in some random way, a changing shape that generates the 3-D kaleidoscope patterns of the title can be animated. The tetrahedron is also treated.< >

关键词： Shape Reflection Solids Mirrors Switches programmable logic arrays Joining processes

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Mechanical, thermal, and morphology properties of poly(lactic acid) plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) and epoxidized palm oil hybrid plasticizer

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2016年第10期56卷 1169-1174页

作者： Chieng, Buong Woei Ibrahim, Nor Azowa Then, Yoon Yee Loo, Yuet Ying Univ Putra Malaysia Dept Chem Fac Sci Serdang Malaysia Univ Putra Malaysia Inst Adv Technol Mat Proc & Technol Lab Serdang Malaysia Int Med Univ Sch Pharm Dept Pharmaceut Chem Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Univ Putra Malaysia Fac Food Sci & Technol Dept Food Sci Serdang Malaysia

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has received great attention recently due to its good physical and mechanical properties such as high tensile strength and modulus, good processability and biodegradability. In this study, low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and epoxidized palm oil (EPO) were used as hybrid plasticizers to improve toughness and ductility of PLA. Using the solubility parameter, a tentative evaluation of the hybrid plasticizer that could act as the most effective plasticizer for PLA has been performed and the obtained results have been corroborated with the materials physical properties. Excellent plasticizing effect was obtained by hybrid plasticizer PEG:EPO with ratio 2:1. Addition of PEG:EPO (2:1) hybrid plasticizer to PLA shows a significant improvement of 12,402%, compared to neat PLA. The improvement in flexibility and decrease in rigidity for the plasticized PLA is well evidenced by lower glass transition temperature (T-g) and tensile modulus values. In relation to the thermal stability, a decrease in thermal properties of the hybrid plasticized PLA was observed due to the volatility of the plasticizers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the hybrid plasticizer was turned PLA's smooth surface to fibrous structure and rough fracture surface. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1169-1174, 2016. (c) 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： programmable logic arrays HYBRID FIBER STRUCTURE palm oil Scanning Electron Microscope high-tensile strength glass transition temperature Plasticizers Hybrid electric vehicles poly(lactic acid) Polyethylene Glycols

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Preparation and Mechanical Characterization of Chicken Feather/PLA Composites

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2017年第5期38卷 837-845页

作者： Baba, Buket Okutan Ozmen, Ugur Celal Bayar Univ Dept Mech Engn Fac Engn TR-45140 Muradiye Manisa Turkey

Green composites, a bio-based polymer matrix is reinforced by natural fibers, are special class of biocomposites. Interest about green composites is continuously growing because they are environment-friendly. This study describes the preparation and mechanical characterization of green composites using polylactic acid (PLA) matrix including chicken feather fiber (CFF) as reinforcement. Extrusion and an injection molding process were used to prepare CFF/PLA composites at a controlled temperature range. CFF/PLA composites with fiber mass content of 2%, 5%, and 10% were manufactured. The effects of fiber concentration and fiber length on mechanical properties of CFF/PLA composites have been studied. Mechanical properties of composites were investigated by tensile, compression, bending, hardness, and Izod impact testing. The results of experiments indicated that Young's modulus, compressive strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of the PLA reinforced CFF composites are higher but tensile strength, elongation at break, bending strength and impact strength of them are lower than pure PLA. The results indicate that these types of composites can be used for various applications. (C) 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： chickens Impact strengths green composites BIOCOMPOSITE Types of composites allowables of mechanical properties of composite Composites programmable logic arrays Elastic Modulus Soundness Natural fibers FIBRE CONCENTRATION Elongation at break Mechanical properties

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The Compostable Plastic Poly(lactic) Acid Causes a Temporal Shift in Fungal Communities in Maturing Compost

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COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION 2017年第4期25卷 211-219页

作者： Karamanlioglu, Mehlika Preziosi, Richard Robson, Geoffrey D. Univ Manchester Sch Biol Sci Manchester Lancs England Manchester Metropolitan Univ Sch Sci & Environm Div Biol & Conservat Ecol Fac Sci & Engn Manchester Lancs England

The compostable biopolymer, poly(lactic) acid (PLA), is increasingly being used as an alternative to conventional plastics for short shelf-life products, disposable bags and packaging, and in agriculture. Despite the increase in the amount of PLA entering composting systems, few studies have examined the impact of PLA degradation on the compost microbial community. Thermophilic fungi play an import role in the composting process as they secrete hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down an array of complex natural polymers. In this study, the impact of PLA hydrolysis on the compost fungal community was examined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 454 sequencing. At 25 degrees C, the effect of PLA on the surrounding compost community was relatively small and no physical changes were observed to the PLA films. However, when incubated at 50 degrees C, where physical disintegration of PLA was occurring, a clear divergence between the compost populations in the presence and absence of PLA was evident after 2 months but became closer to the population in the absence of PLA after 4 months indicating that, after causing an initial perturbation after 2 months, the population began to return to that seen in the absence of PLA. The only exception was in the population containing 50% (w/w) PLA film, which remained divergent after 4 months and was associated with a marked acidification of the compost. Thus, 454-pyrosequencing revealed that the presence of PLA caused a strong selection for a Thermomyces sp. that was present only at low abundance in the absence of PLA.

关键词： Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism poly(lactic acid) Compost programmable logic arrays Population fungal community

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A 30MHZ FASTBUS TRANSIENT DIGITIZER DATA COMPACTOR USING CMOS GATE arrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1993年第4期40卷 780-783页

作者： DAVIEL, A TRIUMF Vancouver BC Canada

A 16 channel data compactor built at TRIUMF for the BNL787 experiment is described. The module is designed to compact data from a 16 channel 256 bin 500MHz CCD Transient Digitizer. Each channel accepts 8-bit digitized data from a CCD module, performs pedestal subtraction, spike and zero-suppression, and formats the data together with channel identifiers into 32-bit words for readout by FASTBUS. Data compaction is performed on-the-fly at a 30MHz rate, with a 600ns initial delay. Data for all channels may be read out in one FASTBUS block transfer operation. The module incorporates a fully-featured FASTBUS slave interface built using a CMOS gate array (the PCL) and two bipolar gate arrays (ADIs).

关键词： Fastbus Charge coupled devices programmable logic arrays Compaction Clocks Field programmable gate arrays Prototypes Light emitting diodes Monitoring Councils

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CORRECTION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1984年第3期3卷 256-256页

作者： DEMICHELI, G Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

In the above-named paper [ibid., vol. CAD-2, pp. 151-167, July 1983], a misprint makes the correct understanding of the constrained multiple folding problem and its solutions almost impossible. In page 162, the lines between the 23rd row from the top and the 6th from the bottom (We state the column folding with ordered connection-row . ... and the ordered folding set O = {(C8, C9)}. should be moved to page 163 immediately after Example 5.3.1 and before Remark 5.3. In addition, Fig. 17 in Example 5.3.2 should be replaced by Fig. 16 and Fig. 16 of Example 5.3.1 should be replaced by Fig. 17.

关键词： programmable logic arrays Constraint theory logic arrays

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PULL UP TRANSISTOR FOLDING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1990年第5期9卷 512-521页

作者： LI, WN SAHNI, S UNIV MINNESOTA DEPT COMP SCIMINNEAPOLISMN 55455

A polynomial-time algorithm for the pull up transistor assignment problem is developed, and it is shown that the interval selection and interval selection with pull up transistor assignment problems are NP-hard. Heuristics for these problems are proposed and compared with that proposed by C. Lursinsap and G. Gajski (ibid., vol.7, no.8, p.887-96, 1988).< >

关键词： programmable logic arrays Computer science Polynomials NP-hard problem

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Air-coupled ultrasonic estimation of viscoelastic stiffnesses in plates

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1996年第6期43卷 1171-1180页

作者： Safaeinili, A Lobkis, OI Chimenti, DE IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CTR NONDESTRUCT EVALUAT AMES IA 50011 USA

Materials characterization by means of megahertz air-coupled ultrasound is reported in this paper. In plates of composite laminates the reconstruction of a function closely related to the transmission coefficient has been accomplished using leaky guided waves. The spatial and frequency dependence of the transmitted leaky waves have been measured for a variety of plates, including aluminum-aramid and graphite-epoxy. These results are based on a general method, developed in this paper, to reconstruct a transmission function experimentally from scans both of receiver position and incident angle. A synthetic aperture technique is utilized to reduce the measurements by forming an effective wide-angle focused aperture. This synthetic focused aperture is obtained experimentally by summing measured signals coherently for many transmitter-receiver separations and summing incoherently for many transducer angles with respect to the plate normal, These results have been employed to deduce, with high precision, a function related to the plane-wave transmission coefficient of the plate over the frequency and angular bandwidths covered by the measurements. Calculation of this function is demonstrated, and the source of its deviation from the plane-wave transmission coefficient is explained. The experimental results show good agreement when compared to three-dimensional theoretical beam calculations. The high degree of accuracy in the measured transmission function has been exploited to construct an efficient inversion algorithm to estimate the viscoelastic material properties and/or sample thickness.

关键词： inverse problems laminates ultrasonic materials testing ultrasonic transmission viscoelasticity air-coupled ultrasonic estimation aluminum-aramid composite laminate graphite-epoxy inversion algorithm leaky guided wave plane-wave transmission function pla viscoelasticity Inverse method TRANSPORT FUNCTION ultrasonic materials testing composite laminates Plates leaky wave Ultrasonic transmission LAMINATE PLATES programmable logic arrays air coupling Bone Plate

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Assisted Slotless Neighbor Discovery Based on Additional Scan Windows

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024年第8期11卷 13768-13780页

作者： Bai, Wei Li, Guoxin Yu, Long Pan, Chen Gong, Yuping Xu, Yifan Zhang, Yuli Cai, Jihao Army Engn Univ PLA Coll Commun Engn Nanjing Peoples R China Intelligent Game & Decis Lab Beijing Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Res Inst 63 Nanjing Peoples R China Army Engn Univ PLA Support Ctr Teaching & Sci Res Nanjing Peoples R China

Neighbor discovery is a prerequisite to establish self-organizing IoT networks. IoT devices are mostly energy-limited, so neighbor discovery is usually implemented in a duty-cycled manner. A fundamental problem of optimizing energy efficiency of duty-cycled neighbor discovery is to minimize neighbor discovery latency for given duty cycle. We investigate purely interval (PI)-based neighbor discovery that adopts pseudo-random delay to avoid blocking problem, which is also adopted by pseudo-random delay advertising mode of Bluetooth low energy (BLE). In this article, we proposed an additional scan windows-based assisted protocol, which achieves early discovery with the help of assistance mechanism. Based on the assistance mechanism, we model and optimize the neighbor discovery latency of the PI-based protocol. Moreover, to analyze the impact of assistance failure caused by contention problem in a clique scenario, we proposed a mutual exclusive drawer model. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol using the derived near-optimal parameters achieves 26% lower average latency in sparse networks.

关键词： Protocols Advertising Internet of Things Schedules Delays programmable logic arrays Optimization Energy efficiency energy management IoT symmetric neighbor discovery

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