Design-for-testability (DFT) techniques are presented for the finite state machine implemented in programmable logic arrays (PLAs). The proposed techniques are developed from physical, electrical and functional points...
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Design-for-testability (DFT) techniques are presented for the finite state machine implemented in programmable logic arrays (PLAs). The proposed techniques are developed from physical, electrical and functional points of view. Within the framework of deterministic test, these DFT techniques make the fault under consideration either unlikely to occur, equivalent to other faults, or more easily testable. They allow a significant reduction in fault locations and in fault models. A detailed example illustrates the proposed techniques, highlighting the improvements. It is shown that specific DFT techniques developed for regular structures allow the automatic generation of easily testable functional blocks. For CMOS PLA, the test sequence is reduced in such a way that the automatic generation of self-testable finite-state machines is possible.< >
A basic CAD-tool using a simple grid-like floorplan for placement of cells of varying sizes is presented. It is focused on the generation of physical and behavioural descriptions of data paths but is also suit able fo...
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A basic CAD-tool using a simple grid-like floorplan for placement of cells of varying sizes is presented. It is focused on the generation of physical and behavioural descriptions of data paths but is also suit able for random logic, data path controllers containing PLA's, registers, counters etc. and for analog designs containing OP's, capacitors etc. Two different types of floorplans can be chosen; one resembling the standard cell design approach and one resembling the bit-slice approach. By not assembling the cells with abutment, existing general purpose cell libraries can be used. An easy modifiable interpreting lisp-like language is used as input. Three design examples are discussed, one data path for a decimation filter, one data path for a Viterbi receiver and one multiplier.
The PLA (programmablelogic array) has become a major subsystem block in the hardware of many systems. A mapping algorithm and hardware for a reconfigurable PLA (RPLA) interfaced to a general purpose microcontroller a...
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The PLA (programmablelogic array) has become a major subsystem block in the hardware of many systems. A mapping algorithm and hardware for a reconfigurable PLA (RPLA) interfaced to a general purpose microcontroller are described. The functional reconfigurability is achieved by altering the input literal associated with each product and output terms of the function set. The scheme gives a flexibility in realignment of the functions to be implemented.< >
Various-sized PLA (programmablelogic array) circuits were simulated using the programs SPICE2G6, RELAX2, and CAZM. Memory usage and CPU times for transient analysis were plotted versus transistor count. Classroom-rel...
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Various-sized PLA (programmablelogic array) circuits were simulated using the programs SPICE2G6, RELAX2, and CAZM. Memory usage and CPU times for transient analysis were plotted versus transistor count. Classroom-related attributes of each simulator are discussed. It is concluded that RELAX2 and CAZM are appropriate simulation tools for the introductory VLSI classroom. SPICE2G6 should be used in the VLSI classroom only when critically considered necessary. In the absence of deliberation, default preference should be given to RELAX2 and CAZM due to their superior performance in computing transient responses of large circuits.< >
Bird's beak formation is one of the major problems for LOCOS field isolation. In this paper we demonstrate that the bird's beak length is not a constant, but depends strongly on geometry of the oxidatioin mask...
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Bird's beak formation is one of the major problems for LOCOS field isolation. In this paper we demonstrate that the bird's beak length is not a constant, but depends strongly on geometry of the oxidatioin mask for submicron mask dimensions. The bird's beak length can vary up to a factor of 4, dependent on mask geometry. Four independent geometry effects are distinguished and their impact on an IC-process is discussed.
Strongly fault-secure (SFS) circuits are known to achieve the totally self-checking (TSC) goal of producing a noncodeword as the first erroneous output due to a fault. Strongly code-disjoint (SCD) circuits are known t...
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Strongly fault-secure (SFS) circuits are known to achieve the totally self-checking (TSC) goal of producing a noncodeword as the first erroneous output due to a fault. Strongly code-disjoint (SCD) circuits are known to always map noncodeword inputs to noncodeword outputs, even in the presence of faults, as long as the faults remain undetected. The authors present a general design method for SFS and SCD combinational circuits for the previously proposed fault model that covers the broad classes of likely faults in VLSI. In the design, the input and output of a combinational circuit are encoded in systematic unordered codes whose check part is obtained by adding two extra bits to the check part of any known systematic unordered code. Thanks to the uniform input/output encoding and the SCD property for the proposed combinational circuits, a number of the circuits can be interconnected in cascade to construct a larger SFS combinational circuit if each interface is sufficiently exercised.< >
The authors present the basic structure of a testable and repairable programmablelogic array (PLA) and the design modifications which are required for a full diagnosis and yield enhancement. The testing process is fu...
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The authors present the basic structure of a testable and repairable programmablelogic array (PLA) and the design modifications which are required for a full diagnosis and yield enhancement. The testing process is fully analyzed, and the conditions for diagnosis are presented. It is proved that identification in the presence of multiple (crosspoint, stuck-at, and bridging) faults is possible with high coverage. The criteria which permit diagnosis are based on a hierarchical organization of the testing process; significant improvements over previous redundant structures can be achieved. This results in a compact structure with a homogeneous layout which has been evaluated with respect to area overhead for VLSI implementation. Simulation results for benchmark devices are presented. These suggest that an efficient repair of VLSI PLAs for yield enhancement can be achieved.< >
By using a unique CMOS E/sup 2/PROM technology, a novel field PLA (programmablelogic array) has been developed. Owing to very low power consumption and low-voltage operation the PLA (L/sup 2/-PLA) is suitable for mos...
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By using a unique CMOS E/sup 2/PROM technology, a novel field PLA (programmablelogic array) has been developed. Owing to very low power consumption and low-voltage operation the PLA (L/sup 2/-PLA) is suitable for most consumer usage. To achieve this performance a soft-write free E/sup 2/PROM, a new low-power sense amplifier and an input transition detector (ITD) are used. L/sup 2/-PLA can operate in a wide range of supply voltage (1.0 V to 6.0 V) and consumes only 8 mA and 1 MHz (5 V supply voltage). Moreover, it has a standby mode in which the current consumption is extremely low (below 1 mu A).< >
A description is given of new capabilities of the RLEXT register level exploration tool. RLEXT is an interactive tool that takes a datapath design and allows a user to modify it freely, using transformations that do n...
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A description is given of new capabilities of the RLEXT register level exploration tool. RLEXT is an interactive tool that takes a datapath design and allows a user to modify it freely, using transformations that do not themselves preserve correctness. By maintaining a representation of the desired behavior and timing as well as structure, RLEXT is able to 'repair' the design when the user creases modifying, so that the ability of the design to express the specified behavior is once again guaranteed. A description is also given of RLEXT's support for manual changes of schedule in the presence of an existing data-path structure. Such schedule changes invalidate the structure, but the structure is incrementally repaired rather than just thrown out. The author knows of no other high-level synthesis tool that supports this kind of functionality.< >
A built-in self-test (BIST) PLA (programmablelogic array) design using a new technique for on-chip storage and retrieval of the compressed signature of a fault-free PLA is proposed. The design uses function-independe...
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A built-in self-test (BIST) PLA (programmablelogic array) design using a new technique for on-chip storage and retrieval of the compressed signature of a fault-free PLA is proposed. The design uses function-independent test input sequences, and provides function-independent test responses. Additional features of the proposed BIST PLA design are: (1) simplified implementation of test evaluator, (2) reduced test length (2n/sub i/n/sub p/ test inputs for a PLA with n/sub i/ inputs and n/sub p/ product lines), (3) full fault coverage in the naked PLA, (4) crosspoint fault locatability, and (5) only three extra pinouts. The proposed input decoder augmentation will not result in any performance degradation. With these features, the proposed design is more efficient than other BIST PLA designs reported in the literature.< >
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