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A one component methodology for the fabrication of honeycomb films from biocompatible amphiphilic block copolymer hybrids: a linear-dendritic-linear twist

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POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2013年第9期4卷 2680-2690页

作者： Walter, Marie V. Lundberg, Pontus Hult, Daniel Hult, Anders Malkoch, Michael KTH Royal Inst Technol Sch Chem Sci & Engn Dept Fibre & Polymer Technol SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

The development of a facile method for the fabrication of breath figure (BF) films from hydrophobic polymers is gaining significant importance for their accessibility as templates in fields ranging from electronics and cell culturing to sensing and catalysis. By introducing polyester-based dendritic linkers, a library of micrometre sized honeycomb structures was successfully fabricated from amphiphilic linear-dendritic-linear hybrids comprising hydrophobic PCL or PLA and hydrophilic PEG blocks. From the array of produced films, the incorporation of a third generation dendritic linker was found to generate well-ordered honeycomb films in the several hundreds of micrometre range. This one component approach minimizes the number of unknown parameters and represents a fully reliable methodology for the fabrication of functional BFs from challenging and biocompatible polymers.

关键词： Unknown parameter programmable logic arrays fabrication honeycomb structures Electronics Cell culture Films jigs(templates)

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Biodegradable polymer blends of Poly(L-lactic acid) and gelatinized starch

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2000年第12期40卷 2539-2550页

作者： Park, JW Im, SS Kim, SH Kim, YH Hanyang Univ Coll Engn Dept Text & Polymer Engn Seongdong Gu Seoul 133791 South Korea Korea Inst Sci & Technol Biomat Res Ctr Seoul 130650 South Korea

Gelatinized starches were prepared with various content of glycerol and were investigated in terms of the effect of the glycerol addition on characteristics of starch and its blends. Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) with various ratios of linear/star shaped PLA and starch gelatinized with various ratios of water/glycerol were melt-blended by using twin screw mixer. The blends were characterized by DSC thermal analysis, tensile test and morphological analysis. Gelatinization of starch was found to lead to destruction or diminution of hydrogen bonding in granules and a decrease of crystallinity of starch. DSC data showed that starch played a role as a nucleating agent and glycerol as plasticizer contributed to an improvement in crystallinity in PLA. blends. When the content of starch increased, the size of spherulites in PLA blends was smaller and less regular. In the case of PLA/pure starch blends, the voids appeared, which were formed by the separation of starch particles from the matrix. But for PLA/gelainized starch blends, these voids were not observed. In the case of blends with linear PLA and starch gelatinized with water/glycerol ratio of 100/40, the greatest superiority of mechanical properties was shown and the toughness was improved compared with PLA/pure starch blends.

关键词： spherulites glycerols Crystallinity programmable logic arrays starch Voids Blends Polymer blends

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Phospholipase A₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp temperata

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 2012年第11期78卷 3816-3823页

作者： Seo, Samyeol Lee, Sunghong Hong, Yongpyo Kim, Yonggyun Andong Natl Univ Dept Bioresource Sci Andong South Korea Andong Natl Univ Dept Appl Chem Andong South Korea

The entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata suppress insect immune responses by inhibiting the catalytic activity of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), which results in preventing biosynthesis of immune-mediating eicosanoids. This study identified PLA(2) inhibitors derived from culture broths of these two bacteria. Both X. nematophila and P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broths possessed significant PLA(2)-inhibitory activities. Fractionation of these bacterial metabolites in the culture broths using organic solvent and subsequent chromatography purified seven potent PLA(2) inhibitors, three of which (benzylideneacetone [BZA], proline-tyrosine [PY], and acetylated phenylalanine-glycine-valine [FGV]) were reported in a previous study. Four other compounds (indole, oxindole, cis-cyclo-PY, and p-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid) were identified and shown to significantly inhibit PLA(2). X. nematophila culture broth contained these seven compounds, while P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broth contained three compounds (BZA, acetylated FGV, and cis-cyclo-PY). BZA was detected in the largest amount among these PLA(2) compounds in both bacterial culture broths. All seven bacterial metabolites also showed significant inhibitory activities against immune responses, such as phenoloxidase activity and hemocytic nodulation;BZA was the most potent. Finally, this study characterized these seven compounds for their insecticidal activities against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Even though these compounds showed relatively low toxicities to larvae, they significantly enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis. This study reports bacterial-origin PLA(2) inhibitors, which would be applicable for developing novel insecticides.

关键词： Photorhabdus temperata entomopathogenic bacterium Immune Response Xenorhabdus nematophila programmable logic arrays broths compounds Immunity Phospholipases A

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Preparation and performance evaluation of castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer/polylactide blends

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014年第23期49卷 8016-8030页

作者： Gurunathan, T. Mohanty, Smita Nayak, Sanjay K. Cent Inst Plast Engn & Technol ARSTPS Madras 600032 Tamil Nadu India Cent Inst Plast Engn & Technol LARPM Bhubaneswar 751024 Orissa India

Polylactide (PLA) is an important biodegradable polymer, used for numerous applications ranging from industrial packaging to tissue engineering. However, its inherent brittleness and limited thermal stability have restricted its penetration to niche markets. In this communication, the authors demonstrate that blending of PLA with castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer (COPUP), with the addition of COPUP, dispersed in the PLA matrix can overcome the inherent brittleness of the matrix polymer. NCO-terminated COPUP was successfully synthesized and subsequently mixed with variable concentration of PLA matrix using melt blending technique. The interfacial compatibilization between COPUP and PLA phase happened by the reaction of -NCO groups with terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA was confirmed by FT-IR peak deconvolution technique. As indicated by the results of DMA and DSC, the glass transition temperature (T (g)) of both PLA and COPUP shifted closer together, indicating that the blend compatibility increased. The tensile properties and notched Izod impact strength of the PLA and toughened PLA are also investigated. With the addition of 30 % COPUP concentration, the elongation at break of the blend reached 377.46 %, and a notched Izod impact 269.62 J m(-1). With improved toughness, the PLA/COPUP blends could be used as replacements for some traditional petroleum-based polymers.

关键词： COPUP PLA FT-IR programmable logic arrays industrial packaging preparation Performance Evaluation IZOD-IMPACT STRENGTH

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AUTOMATIC DATA PATH SYNTHESIS

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COMPUTER 1983年第12期16卷 59-70页

作者： THOMAS, DE HITCHCOCK, CY KOWALSKI, TJ RAJAN, JV WALKER, RA Carnegie-Mellon University

First Page of the Article

关键词： Integrated circuit synthesis Control system synthesis Digital systems Control systems Humans Process design logic design programmable logic arrays Displays Java

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CHANNEL ORDERING FOR VLSI LAYOUT WITH RECTILINEAR MODULES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1991年第11期10卷 1425-1431页

作者： WONG, DF GURUSWAMY, M MICROELECTR & COMP TECHNOL CORP AUSTINTX UNIV TEXAS DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNAUSTINTX 78712

In this paper we present a channel-ordering algorithm for VLSI layout with rectilinear modules. Existing approaches for layout with rectangular modules using only straight and L-shaped channels are no longer applicable. In general, rectilinear channels are needed. We introduce an important class of channels called staircase channels. Our algorithm produces a feasible channel ordering which minimizes the usage of nonstaircase channels and minimizes the number of corners in a channel.

关键词： Very large scale integration Routing programmable logic arrays Shape Circuits Pins Microelectronics Modular construction Design automation

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Study on the Photoluminescence Intensity, Thermal Performance, and Color Purity of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using a Pumping-Light Absorber

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 2020年第6期67卷 2418-2424页

作者： Li, Zong-Tao Song, Cun-Jiang Du, Xue-Wei Xuan, Jie Li, Jia-Sheng Tang, Yong South China Univ Technol Natl & Local Join Engn Res Ctr Semicond Display & Guangzhou 510641 Peoples R China Foshan Nationstar Optoelect Co Ltd Foshan 528000 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Natl & Local Join Engn Res Ctr Semicond Display & Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

Quantum dots (QDs) have broad application prospects in displays such as full-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and micro-LEDs. However, an ultrahigh concentration of QDs is required to eliminate the pumping light for achieving high color purity, leading to significant reduction in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the QDs and the generation of much more heat. In this article, the PL intensity, thermal performance, and color purity of QD-LEDs were comprehensively improved by introducing a pumping-light absorber (PLA). Results indicate that the PLA packaging structure achieves a color purity that is similar to that of a conventional structure with ultrahigh QD concentration;the radiant power of blue light was reduced by 81.6% and this leads to a large shift in the color coordinates from (0.18, 0.26) to (0.20, 0.57). Moreover, the PLA packaging structure results in higher electroluminescence (EL) intensity and lower operating temperatures than the conventional structure. This is because of the higher color-conversion efficiency and partial transfer of thermal energy to the PLA layer. In particular, the EL intensity of the QD-LEDs increased by 25.1% and the steady-state temperature was reduced to 58.9 degrees C, which is 19.75% lower than that of a conventional structure (73.4 degrees C). In addition, the PLA packaging structure works equally well with ultraviolet (UV) pumping sources to achieve a higher color purity (enhancing the color gamut by 50.1% when using a 405-nm source).

关键词： programmable logic arrays Color Light emitting diodes Absorption Packaging Image color analysis Photoluminescence Color purity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) photoluminescence (PL) intensity quantum dot (QD) temperature

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COA Optimized Selection Method of Aviation Swarm Based on DINs and DABC

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 65116-65126页

作者： Wan, Lujun Zhong, Yun Li, Wen Air Force Engn Univ Air Traff Control & Nav Coll Xian 710051 Peoples R China CETC 28 State Key Lab Air Traff Management Syst & Techn Nanjing 210007 Peoples R China PLA Unit 94062 Korla 841000 Peoples R China Air Force Engn Univ Equipment Management & UAV Engn Coll Xian 710051 Peoples R China PLA Unit 95801 Beijing 100076 Peoples R China

Aiming at the selection problem for course of action (COA) of aviation swarm, this paper proposes an optimized selection method for COA of aviation swarm based on dynamic influence nets (DINs), and discrete artificial bee colony (DABC) algorithm. Firstly, based on the basic concept of the aviation swarm combat plan, static and dynamic modeling and analysis are performed, respectively. Then, the probability propagation mechanism of DINs, which mainly includes key parameter determination and probability propagation algorithm, is established. Subsequently, based on the analysis of the evaluation index, the model is solved by using DABC algorithm with real number coding. Finally, this paper takes the offshore island attack task as an example, and carries out multiple sets of simulation cases to compare DABC algorithm with discrete glowworm swarm optimization (DGSO) algorighm and discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm, through all these cases, the rationality of the model, and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms Analytical models Task analysis Cognition Mathematical model Benchmark testing programmable logic arrays Aviation swarm course of action dynamic influence nets discrete artificial bee colony algorithm probability propagation mechanism

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Postlayout logic restructuring using alternative wires

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1997年第6期16卷 587-596页

作者： Chang, SC Cheng, KT Woo, NS MarekSadowska, M AT&T BELL LABS MURRAY HILLNJ 07974 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNSANTA BARBARACA 93106

In this paper, we propose a layout-driven synthesis approach for field programmable gate arrays (FPGA's), The approach attempts to identify alternative wires and alternative functions for wires that cannot be routed due to the limited routing resources in FPGA, The alternative wires (in the logic level) that can be routed through less congested areas substitute the unroutable wires without changing the circuit's functionality, Allowing the logic blocks to have alternative functions also increases the chance of successful routing, A redundancy addition and removal technique is used to identify such alternative wires, Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, For a set of randomly selected benchmark circuits, on the average, 30-50% of wires have alternative wires, These results indicate that the routing flexibility can be substantially increased by considering these alternative wires. Our prototype system successfully completed routing for two AT&T designs that cannot be handled by an FPGA router alone, The proposed synthesis technique can also be applied to standard cell and gate array designs to reduce the routing area.

关键词： Wires Routing logic circuits Field programmable gate arrays Table lookup programmable logic arrays Circuit synthesis Circuit topology Prototypes Boolean functions

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ADVANCED CMOS GATE ARRAY ARCHITECTURE COMBINING GATE ISOLATION AND programmable ROUTING CHANNELS

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1985年第2期20卷 469-480页

作者： VANNOIJE, WAM DECLERCK, GJ ESAT Laboratory Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Heverlee Belgium IMEC Heverlee Belgium

A description is given of a novel CMOS gate array architecture for LSI/VLSI complexity. The new structure is based on the `gate isolation' technique for logic implementation, in addition to the programmability of the amount of routing channels. This concept uses double-level metal with the first contact level programmable for the circuit customization. The gate array has been designed in a 3-/spl mu/m Si-gate CMOS process. A maximum 2-input gate density of 290 gates/mm/SUP 2/ can be achieved. As a test vehicle for this novel gate array structure, a ninth-order LDI digital filter (4652 transistors) has been designed automatically with the aid of the gate array design system (GARDS) layout tool, on a 3/spl times/3 mm/SUP 2/ gate array size. In a first approach, the filter has been realized with the internal gate structure as used in classical gate arrays, and in a second approach the same filter has been laid out on 60% of the array size using the new concept. In this last version as much as 40% reduction of silicon area has been achieved.

关键词： Routing Filters programmable logic arrays Large scale integration Very large scale integration CMOS logic circuits CMOS process Circuit testing Automatic testing System testing

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