A DPCM (differential pulse-code modulation) coder integrated in a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is discussed. The motivation was to introduce low-cost coders for video signals compatible with the planned European ISDN. ...
详细信息
A DPCM (differential pulse-code modulation) coder integrated in a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is discussed. The motivation was to introduce low-cost coders for video signals compatible with the planned European ISDN. Due to the internal feedback loop, the main problem was to achieve the required operating speed of 13.5 MHz sampling rate. Measurements of fabricated samples proved that the expected performance was achieved.
Laser-diffused diode link (LDL) process makes possible a direct connection between devices at the substrate level, thus giving more flexibility to the overall system design. The electrical properties of these diode li...
详细信息
Laser-diffused diode link (LDL) process makes possible a direct connection between devices at the substrate level, thus giving more flexibility to the overall system design. The electrical properties of these diode links are studied. Calculations based on a model for the resistance agree well with available experimental data. This model also provides physical insight on previously undetermined material properties such as the dopant diffusivity in the melt as a function of temperature.< >
BackgroundPeer-assisted learning (PAL) is increasingly used in medical education, and the benefits of this approach have been reported. Previous reviews have focused on the benefits of peer tutoring of junior students...
详细信息
BackgroundPeer-assisted learning (PAL) is increasingly used in medical education, and the benefits of this approach have been reported. Previous reviews have focused on the benefits of peer tutoring of junior students by senior students. Forms of PAL such as discussion groups and role-playing have been neglected, as have alternative teacher-learner configurations (e.g. same-level PAL) and the effects on other stakeholders, including clinician educators and patients. This review examines the benefits of same-level PAL for students, clinician educators and patients in pre-registration clinical medical education. MethodsMedline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ERIC were searched in March 2014. A total of 1228 abstracts were retrieved for review;64 full-text papers were assessed. Data were extracted from empirical studies describing a same-level PAL initiative in a clinical setting, focusing on effects beyond academic performance and student satisfaction. Qualitative thematic analysis was employed to identify types of PAL and to cluster the reported PAL effects. ResultsForty-three studies were included in the review. PAL activities were categorised into role-play, discussion, teaching and assessment. Only 50% of studies reported information beyond self-report and satisfaction with the PAL intervention. Benefits for students (including development of communication and professional skills) and clinician educators (developing less-used facilitation skills) were reported. Direct patient outcomes were not identified. Caveats to the use of PAL emerged, and guidelines for the use of PAL were perceived as useful. ConclusionMany student-related benefits of PAL were identified. PAL contributes to the development of crucial skills required for a doctor in the workplace. Vertical integration of learning and teaching skills across the curriculum and tools such as feedback checklists may be required for successful PAL in the clinical environment. Benefits for patients and educators were poorly
A new circuit style for implementing synchronous circuits in logicarrays is presented. The new style is a combination of dynamic and ratioed logic styles. Compared with existing logicarrays, the new style has a smal...
详细信息
A new circuit style for implementing synchronous circuits in logicarrays is presented. The new style is a combination of dynamic and ratioed logic styles. Compared with existing logicarrays, the new style has a smaller layout performance, and lower power dissipation and switching currents.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified by maleic anhydride (MAH), then the resultant MAH modified PLA (MPLA) was acylated with ethylenediamine (EDA), so EDA-MAH modified PLA (EMPLA) was prepared. The results of DSC, FT-...
详细信息
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified by maleic anhydride (MAH), then the resultant MAH modified PLA (MPLA) was acylated with ethylenediamine (EDA), so EDA-MAH modified PLA (EMPLA) was prepared. The results of DSC, FT-IR and NMR testified that MAH and EAD were successfully introduced into the original polymer. The hydrophilicity of EMPLA was considerably increased compared with that of PLA. The degradation experiment showed that the introduction of EDA into the original polymer could neutralize the carboxyl end groups of the degradation products. The results of SEM and MTT of rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro showed that the cytocompatibility and cell adhesion of the modified materials were significantly increased compared with the original polymer, especially EMPLA;the number of cells were obviously increased and cells attached firmly to the material;these were ascribed to the EDA neutralizing the carboxyl end groups of the degradation products.
Given a system of n interacting finite state machines (FSM's) and a state configuration, the reachability problem is to examine whether this configuration is reachable within the system. We investigate the complex...
详细信息
Given a system of n interacting finite state machines (FSM's) and a state configuration, the reachability problem is to examine whether this configuration is reachable within the system. We investigate the complexity of this decision problem and three of its derivatives, namely 1) verifying system determinism, 2) testing for the existence of unspecified inputs to any FSM within the system, and 3) testing for the exclusiveness of two intra-FSM signals. We prove that these problems are ail PSPACE-complete. We show the effect of these problems on the state assignment process for concurrent systems of interacting FSM's.
Consideration is given to the realization of logic functions by using PLAs with an exclusive-OR (EXOR) array, where a function is represented by mod-2 (EXOR) sum-of-products (ESOPs) and both true and complemented vari...
详细信息
Consideration is given to the realization of logic functions by using PLAs with an exclusive-OR (EXOR) array, where a function is represented by mod-2 (EXOR) sum-of-products (ESOPs) and both true and complemented variables are used. The authors propose a new PLA structure using an EXOR array. They derive upper bounds on the number of products of this type of PLA that are useful for estimating the size of a PLA as well as for assessing the minimality of the solutions obtained by heuristic ESOP minimization algorithms. Computer simulation using randomly generated functions shows that PLAs with the EXOR array require, on the average, fewer products than conventional PLAs. For symmetric functions, the authors conjecture that the PLAs with an EXOR array require, at most, as many products as the conventional PLAs. The proposed PLAs can be made easily testable by adding a small amount of hardware
A broadband microwave magneto-dielectric spectroscopy technique is introduced and dedicated to the characterization of 3-D-printed magneto-dielectric substrates. Complex permittivity and permeability are extracted for...
详细信息
A broadband microwave magneto-dielectric spectroscopy technique is introduced and dedicated to the characterization of 3-D-printed magneto-dielectric substrates. Complex permittivity and permeability are extracted for the material-under-test fabricated in the same manner and with the same orientation of the electro-magnetic (EM) field as in the intended applications that include, for example, miniaturized and efficient antennas. The information is derived from the measured characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a test microstrip transmission line. To exclude the influence of the coaxial-to-microstrip transitions, printed launchers are proposed with puzzle-like interlock to test substrate which is used together with a printed thru-reflect-line (TRL) de-embedding set. The presented technique was experimentally validated on an example of specialized magnetic polylactic acid (PLA) filament printed substrate in the frequency range 0.1-6 GHz and a reference PLA substrate measured with two different techniques to yield comparable results.
Monodisperse polylactide (PLA) microspheres were continuously fabricated by microfluidic emulsification and subsequent dilution in water. The diameter was precisely tuned from 6 to 50 mu m by changing the flow rate of...
详细信息
Monodisperse polylactide (PLA) microspheres were continuously fabricated by microfluidic emulsification and subsequent dilution in water. The diameter was precisely tuned from 6 to 50 mu m by changing the flow rate of the fluids in microfluidics or the PLA concentration in the dispersed phase. The use of amphiphilic oil-soluble poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide (o-PEG-PLA) as a matrix resulted in a highly porous microsphere morphology, and the porosity was controlled by blending PLA. Therefore, mono-disperse PLA microspheres with the predetermined surface porosity were continuously produced by just enough reagents and energy.
Discrete interpolation between successive samples of a sequence is often required in digital signal processing. In this paper, the subsequence approach for 1-D interpolation is extended to two dimensions to avoid redu...
详细信息
Discrete interpolation between successive samples of a sequence is often required in digital signal processing. In this paper, the subsequence approach for 1-D interpolation is extended to two dimensions to avoid redundant operations. Also an improved intermediate sequence is proposed to preserve the Hermitian symmetry in interpolating real-valued signals. The resulting algorithm is very efficient and convenient because it permits the use of IFFT's with sizes that are the same as the corresponding forward transforms.
暂无评论