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Effect of Sepiolite on the Crystallization Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) as an Efficient Nucleating Agent

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2015年第5期55卷 1104-1112页

作者： Wu, Jun Zou, Xiaoxuan Jing, Bo Dai, Wenli Xiangtan Univ Coll Chem Inst Polymer Sci & Engn Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Peoples R China

To enhance the crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), fibrous sepiolite was explored for nucleating the crystallization of PLA. PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were prepared via the melt-extrusion method. The effect of sepiolite on the crystallization behavior, spherulite growth and crystal structure of PLA were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning election microscope (SEM). On the basis of DSC and POM results, the overall crystallization kinetics of PLA/sepiolite nanocomposites were significantly enhanced leading to higher crystallinity and nucleation density, faster spherulite growth rate (G) and lower crystallization half-time (t(1/2)) compared with the neat PLA. Under non-isothermal conditions, the PLA blend comprising 1.0 wt% of sepiolite still revealed two crystallization peaks upon cooling at a rate of 35 degrees C/min. Above phenomena strongly suggested that sepiolite was an effective nucleating agent for PLA. FTIR and WAXD analyses confirmed that the crystal structure of PLA matrix was the most common -form. SEM micrographics illustrated the fine three-dimensional spherulite structures with the lath-shape lamellae regularly arranged in radial directions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1104-1112, 2015. (c) 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： programmable logic arrays Crystallization sepiolite Differential scanning calorimetry microfilm crystal structure poly(lactic acid)

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Utilization of a Novel Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Flame Retardant

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2015年第11期54卷 2974-2982页

作者： Jiang, Peng Gu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Sheng Wu, Shende Zhao, Qian Hu, Zhongwu Beijing Univ Chem Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Carbon Fiber & Funct Polymer Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Chem Technol Fire Safety Mat Lab Coll Mat Sci & Engn Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

The novel phosphortis/nitrogen=zontainirig flame retardant hexa(phosphaphenarithrene aminophenoxyl)-cyclotriphosphatene (HPAPC), which contains Phosphaphenanthrene [9,10-dihydro-oxa-10,phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO)] and phosphazene (hekachlorocyclotriphosphazene) groups;was synthesized by the classic Atherton-Todd reaction, and its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites containing HPAPC were prepared by melt blending, and their fire performance and thermal behaviors were investigated in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOT);vertical burning (UL-94), dine calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric analysis :(TGA). The LOT value could reach up to 347%, and UL 94 Could pass V-0 for the KA composite containing only 5 wt HPAPC, TGA results showed that the char formation of PIA could be significantly improved by the presence of HPAPC. The evolved gas of the Composite was analyzed by FTIR-TGA and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py GC/IVIS). The dispersion of fillers in PLA was observed by:back-scattered electron (BSE). The Chat morphology was Characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). It was suggested that the 'presence of HPAPC could release ammonia gas during combustion, which was beneficial to the formation of an intumescent Char structure.

关键词： fire performance Fillers Scanning Electron Microscope Char formation Thermogravimetry Melt blending programmable logic arrays Fire Retardants Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Composites RICTOR gene chemical structure

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The techno-economic comparison of solar power generation methods for Turkish Republic of North Cyprus

The techno-economic comparison of solar power generation met...

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International Symposium on High Capacity Optical Networks and Enabling Technologies, HONET

作者： Mustafa Dagbasi Olusola Bamisile Chinedum Adii Energy Systems Engineering Department Cyprus International University Turkey Environmental Engineering Department Cyprus International University Turkey

The objective of this work is to examine and compare the techno-economic and environmental feasibility of 40MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant and 40MW parabolic trough (PT) power plant to be installed in two different cities, namely Nicosia and Famagusta in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Long term solar radiation and sunshine data for Nicosia and Famagusta are considered and analysed to assess the distribution of solar radiation, sunshine duration, and air temperature. In addition, these two different technologies with same rated power of 40MW will be compared with the performance of the proposed Solar Power Plant at Bari, Italy. The project viability analysis is performed using System Advisor Model (SAM) through Annual Energy Production and economic parameters for both cities. It is found that for the two cities; Nicosia and Famagusta, considered through this study, the PT plants produce more energy than PV plant. It is also observed that installation of the PT system near an existing steam turbine power plant will make the investment more feasible if the steam produced by the PT system is used to run the steam turbine power plant. The high temperatures that are used to produce steam for the turbines in the PT plant system can be supplemented with a secondary plant based on natural gas or other biofuels and can be used as backup. Although the initial investment of PT plant is higher, it has higher economic return and occupies smaller area compared to PV plant of the same capacity.

关键词： Urban areas Finance Capacity planning programmable logic arrays Standards Inverters

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Research on optimal capacity of wind power based on coordination with pumped storage power

Research on optimal capacity of wind power based on coordina...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Huiling Li Chao Zheng Sizhuo L.V. Shuanbao Liu Chao Huo China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Power System Department China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Northwest China Grid Company Limited

ISBN: (纸本)9781509054190

Coordinated operation of wind power and pumped hydro storage (WP-PHS) is helpful to decrease wind power curtailment and decrease the fluctuation impact of wind power on the power grid. From both economic and operation benefit, a multi-objective optimization model considering transmission limit is presented to coordinate the operation of large-scale wind power and pumped hydro storage. Optimal capacity of wind plant is calculated on this model. A real large wind farm and pumped hydro storage are simulated; optimal capacity of wind farm is calculated.

关键词： Wind power generation programmable logic arrays

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Complex permittivity and anisotropy measurement of 3D-printed PLA at microwaves and millimeter-waves

Complex permittivity and anisotropy measurement of 3D-printe...

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International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications (ICECom)

作者： João M. Felício Carlos A. Fernandes Jorge R. Costa Instituto de Telecomunicações IST Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Instituto de Telecomunicações Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Lisbon Portugal

The use of 3D-printing based on extrusion depositing technologies for electromagnetic applications (such as dielectric antenna design or human mimicking tissues) is increasing as a low cost alternative to other small-scale fabrication technologies. As a result, it is of utmost scientific interest to know the exact dielectric properties of commercially available printable materials, such as polylactide acid (PLA). The extrusion depositing process may originate an anisotropic behavior of the material permittivity especially at mm-waves. We investigate this plastic's complex permittivity across the microwave spectrum from 0.5 GHz to 20 GHz and at 40 GHz and 60 GHz. We propose a new indirect method for the complex permittivity determination at microwave frequencies based on a microstrip line with stubs and a superstrate. At 40 GHz and 60 GHz, the printed PLA samples are characterized using waveguide and open resonator methods. Results show that throughout the tested frequency range the dielectric constant along the normal direction to the printing surface is around 2.75±0.05 and tan δ = (1.1±0.2)×10 -2 . However, at least for the tested mm-wave bands, the dielectric constant along the parallel direction to the printing surface is around 2.96, corresponding to nearly 7% anisotropy.

关键词： Permittivity programmable logic arrays Permittivity measurement Dielectrics Microstrip Transmission line measurements

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Evaluation and performance analysis of 3D printing technique for Ka-band antenna production

Evaluation and performance analysis of 3D printing technique...

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European Conference on Microwave

作者： Unai Armendariz Simon Rommel Sebastian Rodriguez Idelfonso Tafur Monroy Juan José Vegas Olmos Christian Bang Olsen Department of Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015146

This paper presents the design and fabrication of 3D printed WR-28 waveguide horn antennas operating in the Ka-band frequency range between 26.5GHz and 40GHz. Three antennas are fabricated from polylactide acid filaments in conductive and non-conductive variants; the latter is covered with conductive paint. The gain and voltage standing wave ratio performance of the fabricated horn antennas is measured, showing promising performance. Antenna gain values between 5dBi and 14dBi are found, comparable to the performance of metal milled horn antennas.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Antenna measurements Antennas Paints programmable logic arrays Three-dimensional printing Gain

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Saddle type interface including human twisting motion for the personal mobility — Investigation on the repeatability of human motion

Saddle type interface including human twisting motion for th...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Sho Yokota Daisuke Chugo Hiroshi Hashimoto Kuniaki Kawabata Toyo University Saitama Japan Kwansei Gakuin University Hyogo Japan Adv. Institute of Industrial Tech. Tokyo Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Fukushima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467380768

This paper investigated the repeatability of the human motion as a first step to improve the usability of the saddle type interface using human twisting motion for the Personal Mobility. Our proposed interface uses not only conventional translational human motion but also twisting motion, namely it makes full use of the human motion characteristics. The basic experimental results also showed that this interface has a potential to realize intuitive operation. However, the problems also remained: there was a case that user feels a difficulty on operation due to low repeatability of the human motion. The experiment was conducted to investigate the repeatability of the human motion, when user return to the initial position (neutral position) on the saddle type interface. The results showed followings conclusions of this paper: Human cannot discriminate less than 17% of the maximum leaning angle around neutral position. Human motion is low repeatability and is not good at precise position control motion. The repeatability in case of Motion (leaning backward and return) is lower than any other motions.

关键词： Wheels Vehicles Barium Mobile communication programmable logic arrays

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Write sneak-path constraints avoiding disturbs in memristor crossbar arrays

Write sneak-path constraints avoiding disturbs in memristor ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： Yuval Cassuto Shahar Kvatinsky Eitan Yaakobi Electrical Engineering Department Technion Israel Institute of Technology Computer Science Department Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781509018079

We study the problem of write disturbs due to write sneak paths in memristor crossbar arrays. A write sneak path is a bit configuration in the array that causes a write of one cell to undesirably flip the value of another cell. We study the configurations that cause such write sneak paths, and characterize them in terms of tight constraints to prevent them. We show that thanks to the flexibility to choose the write order, the resulting constraints are milder compared to known similar ones for read sneak paths. In addition, we derive the array constraints when parallel write is allowed in the rows or column only, and in both the rows and columns.

关键词： Memristors Programming programmable logic arrays Resistance Information theory Interference Indexes

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Introducing Software Product Lines in Model-Based Design Processes: An Industrial Experience

Introducing Software Product Lines in Model-Based Design Pro...

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Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture

作者： Domenico Amalfitano Vincenzo De Simone Anna Rita Fasolino Mario Lubrano Stefano Scala University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy University of Naples Federico II Napoli Campania IT Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Pomigliano Technical Center Pomigliano d'Arco Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781509025633

Software has gained a critical role in the automotive domain that is becoming more and more complex. The ever-growing complexity in automotive software development is due to its high variability. In this scenario, automotive companies need to adopt cost-effective development processes in order to manage the variability of the produced software. A well-known solution for dealing with this problem is the adoption of Software Product Lines (SPL). In this paper we report an experience we performed in collaboration with the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) company for the application of the SPL in one of its Model-Based Design (MBD) processes. SPL were supported by AutoMative, a software infrastructure we implemented for the semi-automatic generation of Product Architectures from specification documents.

关键词： Vehicles Software Feature extraction Automotive engineering programmable logic arrays Complexity theory Companies

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Infrared metamaterials for high-sensitive surface-enhanced molecular detection

Infrared metamaterials for high-sensitive surface-enhanced m...

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URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (URSI AP-RASC)

作者： Atsushi Ishikawa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan

We present novel surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic techniques based on plasmonic metamaterials. The large spectral selectivity achieved by the Fano-resonant metamaterials significantly enhanced the spectral sensitivity in far-field infrared absorption spectroscopy. The low-background detection scheme based on the metamaterial infrared absorbers dramatically improved the signal-to-background ratio for better sensitivity. Our metamaterial approaches achieve the attomole sensitivity with a large signal-to-noise ratio in the far-field measurement, thus may open up new avenues for realizing ultrasensitive infrared inspection technologies.

关键词： Metamaterials Couplings programmable logic arrays Absorption Spectroscopy

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