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A CMOS DRAM-CONTROLLER CHIP IMPLEMENTATION

IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1987年第3期22卷 491-494页

作者： POON, TC KERESTES, M FISCHER, RF SAMPSON, GP HWANG, SJ YANG, WJ WILLIS, ML AT&T BELL LABS MURRAY HILLNJ 07974

A DRAM controller which handles up to 128 1-Mb DRAM chips has been developed based on the WE 32100 32-bit microsystem. Fabricated with a 1.5 /spl mu/m twin-tub CMOS technology, nominal DRC devices operate at an internal clock rate of 36 MHz. High circuit speed was achieved by the use of clock-skew minimization techniques to limit clock signal variations to within 3.0 ns throughout the chip, and a modified standard-cell approach called gate-matrix custom cells. The chip implementation process was completed in less than four months and error-free silicon was obtained from the first mask set.

关键词： CMOS technology programmable logic arrays Clocks Very large scale integration Solid state circuits logic devices Space technology Random access memory MOSFETs Solid state circuit design

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ON THE OPTIMAL-DESIGN OF MULTIPLE-VALUED PLAS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 1989年第4期38卷 582-592页

作者： SASAO, T Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electron. Kyushu Inst. of Technol. Iizuka Japan Abstract Authors References Cited By Keywords Metrics Similar Download Citation Email Print Request Permissions

A description is given of the design and analysis of three types of multivalued PLAs (programmable logic arrays). Type 1 PLAs realize functions directly in the form of the max of min of literal functions and constants. In Type 2 PLAs, the body of the PLA is binary and the output is encoded as a multiple-valued logic value. Type 3 PLAs are the same as type 2 PLAs except for the use of 2-bit decoders and a permutation network on the input. Using the number of columns required to realize a given function as a measure to compare PLAs, it is shown that type 3 PLAs are superior to type 2, which in turn are superior to type 1

关键词： multivalued logic decoders dibit programmable logic arrays multi-value Optimal design Multivalued

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A METHODOLOGY FOR CUSTOM VLSI LAYOUT

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1983年第6期30卷 358-364页

作者： BREUER, MA KUMAR, A Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India

In this paper, we present a new methodology for custom VLSI layout which aims at a low turnaround time and a high quality of design. VLSI circuits are highly complex, and to speed up the design process we exploit the hierarchical structure of a design, splitting the problem domain into several levels. The process of layout at each level is divided into steps such as placement of rectangular blocks, determining block dimensions, determining interconnection paths, etc. In order to obtain high quality designs, we have systematically analyzed the relationship among the parameters being computed at various steps and have accordingly organized the flow of data and control through these steps. There are two novel features in our scheme. First, we do not follow the usual pure top-down or pure bottom-up approach, so as to take into account the influence of design decisions at the higher levels on design decisions made at the lower levels, as well as vice versa. For example, we determine the geometry of a block taking into consideration the context in which it is placed, as well as the geometries of the lower level blocks it encloses. Second, we perform a look-ahead operation when the values of some. parameters are needed before they are actually deterministically computable by the process. For example, at the time of placement, the area required for routing is estimated statistically (before doing the actual routing) so that a more routable placement can be obtained, thereby avoiding some unnecessary iterations.

关键词： Very large scale integration programmable logic arrays Integrated circuit interconnections Geometry Routing Silicon Wires Kernel Process design Marine vehicles

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The PLA/ZIF-8 Nanocomposite Membranes: The Diameter and Surface Roughness Adjustment by ZIF-8 Nanoparticles, High Wettability, Improved Mechanical Property, and Efficient Oil/Water Separation

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ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2016年第24期3卷 [np]页

作者： Dai, Xiu Cao, Yu Shi, Xiaowei Wang, Xinlong Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Chem Engn Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this study, the nanoparticles of metal-organic framework ZIF-8 are incorporated into the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare the nanocomposite electrospun membrane. The diameter and the surface roughness of the fibers can be successfully controlled by increasing the content of ZIF-8 in the membranes. The prepared PLA/ZIF-8 membranes have increased oil wettability and significantly improved mechanical property compared with pure PLA membrane. The tensile strength, stain at break of PLA/ZIF-8 membrane with 0.5 wt% ZIF-8 are increased to 5.02 MPa and 88.81% compared to 2.77 MPa and 57.89% for pure PLA membranes, respectively. The PLA/ZIF-8 membranes are proved to be good candidate for oil/water separation with high efficiency because of the fast oil wetting ability, the roughness of fibers, and the adsorption effect of the porous ZIF-8 nanoparticles.

关键词： nanoparticles metal–organic framework Nanoparticles Fiber programmable logic arrays membrane Frameworks Wettability Nanocomposites Surface roughness Mechanical properties poly(lactic acid)

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Estimating the Risk of Prolonged Air Leak after Pulmonary Resection Using a Simple Scoring System

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2011年第6期212卷 1027-1032页

作者： Lee, Lawrence Hanley, Stephen C. Robineau, Catherine Sirois, Christian Mulder, David S. Ferri, Lorenzo E. McGill Univ Div Thorac Surg Ctr Hlth Dept Surg Montreal PQ H3G 1A4 Canada

BACKGROUND: The high rate of prolonged air leak (PAL) after pulmonary resection has prompted interest in surgical adjuncts designed to prevent this complication. However, these adjuncts are costly and might not be beneficial if used routinely. Identification of patients at highest risk might allow for more effective use of these adjuncts. Therefore, we sought to develop a simple scoring system to predict PAL. STUDY DESIGN: A derivation set of 580 patients was identified from a prospectively entered database of consecutive pulmonary resections at a single institution from 2002 to 2007. Patient and operative characteristics were compared using Student's t-test and chi-square tests. Significant variables on univariate analysis were entered into a stepwise logistic regression to establish a simple predictive model to estimate the risk of PAL. This scoring system was then validated in a consecutive set of 381 patients operated at the same institution from 2007 to 2009. RESULTS: The rate of PAL was 14% in the derivation set and 18% in the validation set. Poor pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, percent predicted) and pleural adhesions were significantly associated with PAL in the derivation set. A weighted scoring system was devised using pleural adhesions (+2 points), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (+1 per 10% below 100%), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (+1 per 20% below 100%). Total number of points estimated the probability of PAL. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test confirmed validity (p > 0.2) of this scoring system in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS: We have devised and validated a simple scoring system to predict the probability of PAL after pulmonary resection. (J Am Coll Surg 2011;212:1027-1032. (C) 2011 by the American College of Surgeons)

关键词： LRIT1 gene Pneumonectomy SHCBP1 gene programmable logic arrays scoring system air leakages pleural adhesion derivation Measurement of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity

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Efficacy and safety of a newly developed polylactic acid microsphere as an injectable bulking agent for penile augmentation: 18-months follow-up

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH 2017年第4期29卷 136-141页

作者： Yang, D. Y. Ko, K. Lee, S. H. Moon, D. G. Kim, J. W. Lee, W. K. Hallym Univ Dept Urol Chunchon South Korea Korea Univ Coll Med Dept Urol Seoul South Korea

Polylactic acid (PLA) fillers are widely used for cosmetic volume augmentation. But, no study has evaluated the use of PLA filler in penile augmentation (PA No. 4). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a newly developed PLA filler for PA during a 18-month follow-up period. A total of 23 healthy adult men were prospectively enrolled between June and November 2012. Penile girth was measured at proximal-, mid-and distal-shaft at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months following injection. Subjects' satisfaction was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS). Adverse events (AEs) were also reported. Mean injected volume was 20 ml. The circumference of proximal-, mid-;and distal-shaft increased by a mean of 2.2 +/- 02, 2.7 +/- 1.0 and 2.7 1.0 cm at 3 months, respectively (each P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in girth circumference between 3 and 18 months post-injection (each P > 0.05). VAS score increased from 51.6 +/- 14.7 at baseline to 64.8 +/- 19.3 and 74.3 +/- 14.6 at 3 and 6 months, respectively (each P < 0.05). Six cases of mild, transient treatment-emergent AEs were reported in 5 subjects. Serious AEs were not reported. In conclusion, penile injection of a newly developed PIA filler led to significant penile augmentative effects for up to 18 months and was well tolerated without serious AEs.

关键词： BULKING AGENT(EC) Fillers programmable logic arrays Satisfaction Penis poly(lactic acid) Nylons

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SMART PIXELS FOR 2-DIMENSIONAL arrays

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IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE 1993年第2期9卷 19-27页

作者： CHENG, J ZHOU, P UNIV NEW MEXICO CTR HIGH TECHNOL MATALBUQUERQUENM 87131

Optical switching-and-logic technology for use in two-dimensional smart-pixel arrays is discussed. The technology is integrable and cascadable. Optically controlled vertical cavity self-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based sw... 详细信息

关键词： Smart pixels Optical arrays High speed optical techniques logic arrays Optical modulation Integrated optics Optical fiber networks programmable logic arrays logic functions logic circuits

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Effects of Two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants, Sertraline and Escitalopram, on Aldosterone/Renin Ratio in Normotensive Depressed Male Patients

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM 2011年第4期96卷 1039-1045页

作者： Ahmed, Ashraf H. Calvird, Michele Gordon, Richard D. Taylor, Paul J. Ward, Gregory Pimenta, Eduardo Young, Ross Stowasser, Michael Univ Queensland Sch Med Princess Alexandra Hosp Endocrine Hypertens Res Ctr Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia Univ Queensland Sch Med Greenslopes Hosp Endocrine Hypertens Res Ctr Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia Queensland Hlth Logan Beaudesert Hlth Serv Dist Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia Sullivan & Nicolaides Pathol Brisbane Qld 4068 Australia Queensland Univ Technol Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

Background: Plasma aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) is the most popular screening test for primary aldosteronism (PAL). Certain medications are known to cause false-negative or -positive ARRs by affecting renin and aldosterone levels. There are no previously published data on the effects of antidepressants on ARR. Methods: Normotensive, depressed male patients (n = 26) underwent measurement (seated, mid-morning) of plasma aldosterone, direct renin concentration (DRC), renin activity (PRA), electrolytes and creatinine and urinary aldosterone, cortisol, electrolytes, and creatinine at baseline and after 2 and 6 wk treatment with sertraline (n = 14) or escitalopram (n = 12). Results: For both antidepressants, treatment was associated with rises in aldosterone [sertraline: baseline, mean +/- SD, 243 +/- 34;2 wk, 256 +/- 33;6 wk, 267 +/- 34 pmol/liter (P < 0.01 by ANOVA);escitalopram, 261 +/- 36, 269 +/- 38, 282 +/- 40 pmol/liter (P < 0.05)], DRC [19.5 +/- 2.2, 33.5 +/- 2.0, 39.0 +/- 2.4 mU/liter (P < 0.001);24.5 +/- 2.4, 34.0 +/- 2.7, 42.8 +/- 2.4 mU/liter (P < 0.001)], and PRA [2.24 +/- 0.21, 2.58 +/- 0.26, 4.68 +/- 0.42 ng/ml . h (P < 0.001);4.31 +/- 0.22, 5.57 +/- 0.36, 6.42 +/- 0.53 ng/ml . h (P < 0.001)]. ARR fell significantly whether calculated using DRC [sertraline, 13.7 +/- 2.2, 7.5 +/- 0.7, 6.8 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.001);escitalopram, 11.5 +/- 1.9, 8.0 +/- 1.1, 6.6 +/- 1.0 (P < 0.001)], or PRA [116.6 +/- 15.8, 108.4 +/- 15.6, 60.4 +/- 6.2 (P < 0.001);61.2 +/- 8.1, 50.0 +/- 7.7, 45.6 +/- 6.0 (P < 0.01)]. Conclusion: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can significantly reduce ARR and therefore potentially increase the risk of false-negative results when screening for PAL. Further studies in hypertensive patients, including patients with confirmed PAL, are required. (J Clin EndocrinolMetab 96: 1039-1045, 2011)

关键词： Alligator Rivers Region aldosterone blood level LRIT1 gene Antidepressive Agents Sertraline SHCBP1 gene Creatinine programmable logic arrays Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

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ASYL - A RULE-BASED SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1987年第6期6卷 1088-1097页

作者： SAUCIER, G DEPAULET, MC SICARD, P Circuits and Systems Laboratory Grenoble France

A rule-based approach has been investigated for two items of the synthesis area: the state assignment of controllers and the logic minimization. Local optimization rules defined on a control flowgraph have been defined for the first point. These are expressed as constraints on the codes of the internal variables. An encoding algorithm tries to respect most of these contraints. The results appeared to be very convincing. For the second point, the rules intend to cope with different technological targets and the meta rules intend to express different optimization strategies. The results are less spectacular, especially, of course, for a target where algorithmic solutions exist, but some interesting experiences on the rule-based approach are reported.

关键词： Control system synthesis Knowledge based systems Automatic control Minimization Encoding logic arrays programmable logic arrays Software packages Flowcharts

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A 19-NS 250-MW CMOS ERASABLE programmable logic DEVICE

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1986年第5期21卷 775-784页

作者： PATHAK, J KURKOWSKI, H PUGH, R SHRIVASTAVA, R JENNE, FB Cypress Semiconductors Inc. San Jose CA USA Apple Computer Inc. Cupertino CA USA

A 19-ns 250-mW erasable programmable logic device using 1.2-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS EPROM technology is described. CMOS EPROM technology and new circuit techniques give smaller die and lower power than SSI/MSI logic components without compromising speed. A novel cell current tracking, temperature-compensated sense amplifier is used to enhance performance and reduce power. The versatile macrocell makes the logic implementation simpler, and the EPROM technology gives improved programmability and reliability.

关键词： programmable logic devices CMOS technology EPROM Fuses Space technology Dielectric substrates logic devices Testing programmable logic arrays Threshold voltage

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