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MULTIPLE-VALUED MINIMIZATION FOR PLA OPTIMIZATION

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1987年第5期6卷 727-750页

作者： RUDELL, RL SANGIOVANNIVINCENTELLI, A Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

This paper describes both a heuristic algorithm, Espresso-MV, and an exact algorithm, Espresso-EXACT, for minimization of multiple-valued input, binary-valued output logic functions. Minimization of these functions is an important step in the optimization of programmable logic arrays (PLA's). In particular, the problems of two-level multiple-output minimization, minimization of PLA's with input decoders and solutions to the input encoding problem rely on efficient solutions to the multiple-valued minimization problem. Results are presented for a large class of PLA's taken from actual chip designs. These results show that the heuristic algorithm Espresso-MV comes very close to producing optimum solutions for most of the examples. Also, results from a chip design in progress at Berkeley show how important multiple-valued minimization can be for PLA optimization.

关键词： programmable logic arrays Minimization methods Decoding Equations Design optimization Heuristic algorithms Chip scale packaging logic design logic arrays Boolean functions

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Are Physical Activity Levels Linked to Nutrient Adequacy? Implications for Cancer Risk

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NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2014年第2期66卷 214-224页

作者： Csizmadi, Ilona Kelemen, Linda E. Speidel, Thomas Yuan, Yan Dale, Laura C. Friedenreich, Christine M. Robson, Paula J. Alberta Hlth Serv CancerControl Alberta Dept Populat Hlth Res Calgary AB T2W 3N2 Canada Univ Calgary Fac Med Dept Oncol Calgary AB Canada Univ Calgary Dept Med Genet Calgary AB Canada Univ Alberta Sch Publ Hlth Edmonton AB Canada Alberta Hlth Serv CancerControl Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Univ Alberta Fac Agr Life & Environm Sci Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci Edmonton AB Canada

Cancer prevention guidelines recommend a healthy body mass index, physical activity, and nutrient intake from food rather than supplements. Sedentary individuals may restrict energy intake to prevent weight gain and in so doing may compromise nutritional intake. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to determine if adequacy of micronutrients is linked to physical activity levels (PALs) in healthy-weight adults. Tomorrow Project participants in Alberta, Canada (n = 5333), completed past-year diet and physical activity questionnaires. The percent meeting Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) was reported across low and high PAL groups, and the relation between PAL and percent achieved DRI was determined using multiple linear regression analyses. Overall, <50% of healthy-weight participants met DRIs for folate, calcium, and vitamin D. Percent achieved DRI increased linearly with increasing PAL in both genders (P < 0.01). A hypothetical increase in PAL from 1.4 to 1.9 was associated with a DRI that was 8%-13% higher for folate and vitamin C (men) and 5%-15% higher for calcium and iron (women). Healthy-weight adults at higher PALs appear more likely to meet DRIs for potential cancer-preventing nutrients. The benefits of higher PALs may extend beyond the usual benefits attributed to physical activity to include having a more favorable impact on nutrient adequacy.

关键词： SHCBP1 gene Physical Activity Level cancer risk Direct reduced iron ACTIVITY LEVELS Motor Activity Cross-Sectional Studies Percent Folate programmable logic arrays Energy Intake LRIT1 gene ADEQUACY

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LASER FORMED CONNECTIONS FOR LSI WAFER PERSONALIZATION

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1975年第4期10卷 219-228页

作者： KUHN, L SCHUSTER, SE ZORY, PS LYNCH, GW PARRISH, JT IBM CORP TJ WATSON RES CTRYORKTOWN HTSNY 10598 IBM CORP TJ WATSON RES CTRAPPL RES DEPTYORKTOWN HTSNY 10598

Experimental studies of connections formed in MOS-type structures by nanosecond dye laser pulses are described. Of particular importance are results relating to the reliability and reproducibility of the connection process. A model for the connection process is presented which correlates well with the various observations and experiments.

关键词： Large scale integration Optical pulses Aluminum Conducting materials programmable logic arrays Laser modes Reproducibility of results Optical materials Contact resistance Silicon

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AN EFFICIENT OUTPUT PHASE ASSIGNMENT FOR PLA MINIMIZATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1990年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： WEY, CL CHANG, TY Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

When a multiple-output function is realized by a PLA (programmable logic array), there is often the option of realizing either true or complementary logic for each output. The tradeoffs in implementing PLAs with and without output phase assignment are explored, and an efficient output phase assignment for PLA minimization is presented. The results of this study show that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of product terms by as much as 50% when the output phase assignment is considered.< >

关键词： programmable logic arrays Minimization methods logic arrays NP-complete problem MOS devices Pulse inverters logic design Boolean functions Design automation

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Preparation and in vitro characterization of gentamycin-impregnated biodegradable beads suitable for treatment of osteomyelitis

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1998年第9期87卷 1149-1154页

作者： Meyer, JD Falk, RF Kelly, RM Shively, JE Withrow, SJ Dernell, WS Kroll, DJ Randolph, TW Manning, MC Univ Colorado Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Pharmaceut Sci Denver CO 80262 USA Univ Colorado Dept Civil Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA Colorado State Univ Vet Teaching Hosp Sch Vet Med & Biomed Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

A new method for preparing poly(L-lactide) (PLA) biodegradable beads impregnated with an ionic aminoglycoside, gentamycin, is described. The process employs hydrophobic ion pairing to solubilize gentamycin in a solvent compatible with PLA, followed by precipitation with a compressed antisolvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). The resulting precipitate is a homogeneous dispersion of the ion-paired drug in PLA microspheres. The microspheres are approximately 1 mu m in diameter and can be compressed into beads (3-6 mm in diameter) strung on surgical sutures for implantation. The bead strings exhibit no significant change in release kinetics upon sterilization with a hydrogen peroxide plasma (Ster-Rad). The kinetics of gentamycin release from the PLA beads are consistent with a matrix-controlled diffusion mechanism. While nonbiodegradable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads initially release gentamycin in a similar manner, the drug release from PMMA ceases after 8 or 9 weeks, while the PLA beads continue to release drug for over 4 months. Moreover, only 10% of the gentamycin is released from tie PMMA beads, while PLA beads release more than 60% of their load, if serum is present in the release medium. The PLA system displays improved release kinetics relative to PMMA, is biodegradable, is unaltered by gas sterilization, can be used for a range of antibiotics, and can be manipulated without disintegration. These are all desirable properties for an implantable drug delivery system for the prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis.

关键词： Antibiotics Aminoglycoside Biocompatible Materials Drug Delivery Systems 抗生素类氨基糖苷生物相容性材料药物投与系统庆大霉素类多酯类 Drug Liberation programmable logic arrays Aminoglycosides Bead gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate bead Polymethyl Methacrylate Implantable Infusion Pumps biodegradability BIODEGRADABLE Osteomyelitis Antibiotic Biocompatible Materials Sutures

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UNIVERSAL FILE PROCESSING PROGRAM FOR FIELD programmable INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1985年第1期32卷 332-335页

作者： FREYTAG, DR NELSON, DJ Stanford Linear Accelerator Center University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

A computer program is presented that translates logic equations into promburner files (or the reverse) for programmable logic devices of various kinds, namely PROMs FPLAs, FPLSs and PALs. The program achieves flexibility through the use of a database containing detailed information about the devices to be programmed. New devices can thus be accommodated through simple extensions of the database. When writing logic equations, the user can define logic combinations of signals as new logic variables for use in subsequent equations. This procedure yields compact and transparent expressions for logic operations, thus reducing the chances for error. A logic simulation program is also provided so that an independent check of the design can be performed at the software level.

关键词： logic devices programmable logic devices Equations Fuses programmable logic arrays PROM Databases logic design Software packages logic testing

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PerSIST: A PAL system for clinical skills training: A planning and implementation framework: Guide Supplement 30.8-Practical application

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MEDICAL TEACHER 2010年第9期32卷 782-784页

作者： Ketele, Paul Jacobs, Anouk Boruett, Norbert Derese, Anselme Univ Ghent Univ Hosp 3 K3 Fac Med & Hlth Sci Ctr Educ Dev B-9000 Ghent Belgium Kenya Med Training Coll Nairobi Kenya

The article describes ab activity program for nurses, clinical officers, and student facilitators wherein they are required to undergo for individual skills training under the Skillslab Curriculum on Personal Reservat... 详细信息

关键词： SHCBP1 gene programmable logic arrays Clinical Skill Peers Ross Chicken Supplement PAL(LANGUAGE) LRIT1 gene Medical Education Students Peer Tutoring

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Prolog to Defect tolerance in VLSI circuits: Techniques and yield analysis

引用

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1998年第9期86卷 1817-1818页

作者： Falk, H

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Comparison of three different interventions for the correction of HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy: a prospective study

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ANTIVIRAL THERAPY 2005年第6期10卷 753-759页

作者： Guaraldi, G Orlando, G De Fazio, D De Lorenzi, I Rottino, A De Santis, G Pedone, A Spaggiari, A Baccarani, A Borghi, V Esposito, R Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Dept Infect & Trop Dis HIV Metab Clin Modena Italy Hosp San Raffaele I-20132 Milan Italy Casa Cura S Pio X Milan Italy

Objective: To compare autologous fat transfer (AFT), injections of reabsorbable [polylactic acid (PLA)] and non-reabsorbable [polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG)] filler materials for the treatment of HIV-related facial lipoatrophy. Design and methods: Eligible individuals with enough residual subcutaneous fat in the abdomen or in the dorso-cervical region were offered AFT surgery. Other individuals were blindly assigned to two different surgical teams, who administered a set of PLA or PAAG injections every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the measurement of Bichat's fat pad region, determined by the result of dermal plus subcutaneous thickness. Secondary endpoints included body image evaluation (determined by ABCD questionnaire), facial aesthetic satisfaction (determined by Visual Analogue Scale), and aesthetic pre- and post-picture comparisons by independent reviewers. All variables were measured at baseline and at 24 weeks after the last treatment session. Results: Twenty-four individuals received AFT and 35 were selectively randomized to PLA (20) or PAAG (15) infiltrations. PLA and Ill groups received a mean of 5 and 6 injections respectively (P=NS). The mean change in dermal and subcutaneous thickness was 3.3 +/- 4.1 mm, 3.5 +/- 4.0 mm;2.1 +/- 3.0 mm (P=0.687), respectively. The mean change in ABCD score result was poorer in the AFT arm, but there were no other differences in other measured factors. Four serious adverse events were documented in the AFT arm only. Conclusions: All three interventional techniques were highly effective in improving the aesthetic satisfaction of the patients. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the most durable and suitable treatment.

关键词： Pregnancy Zone Proteins Subcutaneous therapeutic aspects Lipodystrophy 妊娠区带蛋白质类脂质营养不良 Lipodystrophy programmable logic arrays CMTR2 gene lipoatrophy Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins

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A FAST PARTITIONING METHOD FOR PLA-BASED FPGAS

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1992年第4期9卷 34-39页

作者： HASAN, Z HARRISON, D CIESIELSKI, M UNIV MASSACHUSETTS VLSI DESIGN LABAMHERSTMA 01003 XILINX INC DIV EPLDSAN JOSECA

A method for automatic multipartitioning of a multiple-output logic function into the smallest number of subfunctions for mapping to fixed-size PLAs of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip is described. A detailed example to demonstrate the procedure is presented. It is shown that, for this example, the method produced almost optimum partitions in a fast and efficient manner.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays logic functions programmable logic arrays logic arrays

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