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MICROPROCESSING AND MICROPROGRAMMING 1983年第1期12卷 15-31页

作者： GRASS, W Fachbereich Informatik Universität Hamburg Hamburg F.R. Germany

An automatic synthesis system for PLA based programmable hardware as part of a VLSI design system is presented. In order to reduce the needed silicon area of a PLA implementation we suggest algorithms for segmentation, term minimization and PLA — folding. We present results of the implemented term minimization and PLA-folding procedures.

关键词： Computer aided design of digital systems, control part design folding of PLAs logic design microprogramming multiple output combinational circuits programmable logic arrays switching circuit theory segmentation of combinational circuits term minimization VLSI design techniques

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AN 8-KBIT CONTENT-ADDRESSABLE AND REENTRANT MEMORY

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1985年第5期20卷 951-957页

作者： KADOTA, H MIYAKE, J NISHIMICHI, Y KUDOH, H KAGAWA, K Semiconductor Research Center Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited Moriguchi Osaka Japan

A 256-word/spl times/32-bit associated memory, referred to as the Content Addressable and Reentrant Memory (CARM), with a 100-ns cycle time is described. The high bit density of the device is realized by a small-size associative memory cell (30/spl times/36 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/) with 2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, while a double-layer metallization technique, new circuits for the control-signal propagation, and a hierarchical structure for the address encoder of the chip allow fast access. This device has reentrant mode operation, where the on-chip garbage collection or data storage is accomplished conditionally. One of the practical applications of this device, a high-speed matching unit for dataflow computers, is also discussed.

关键词： Associative memory Random access memory Application software CMOS technology Registers programmable logic arrays Clocks CMOS memory circuits Added delay Delay effects

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Unique autonomic profile of the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 2007年第12期49卷 1340-1348页

作者： Arora, Rishi Ng, Jason Ulphani, Joseph Mylonas, Ilias Subacius, Haris Shade, Greg Gordon, David Morris, Alexander He, Xiang Lu, Yi Belin, Rashad Goldberger, Jefrey J. Kadish, Alan H. Northwestern Univ Feinberg Sch Med Div Cardiol Chicago IL USA Northwestern Univ Feinberg Sch Med Dept Med Chicago IL USA

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiologic profile of the pulmonary veins (PVs) and left atrium (LA) in response to autonomic manipulation. Background The parasympathetic innervation of the PVs and posterior left atrium (PLA) is thought to contribute to focal atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that autonomic effects would be more prominent in these regions. Methods In 14 dogs, epicardial mapping was performed in the PVs, PLA, and left atrial appendage (LAA) under the following conditions: baseline, 20-Hz cervical vagal stimulation (VS), propranolol (P), P + VS, and P + atropine. Effective refractory periods (ERPs) were measured, and conduction vectors were computed at multiple sites. Western blotting and immunostaining were performed for IKAch (Kir3.1/3.4). Results The VS and P + VS caused more ERP shortening in the PV and PLA than in the LAA. The P + atropine caused greatest ERP prolongation in the LAA. Cumulative EIRP change (EIRP difference between P + VS and P + atropine) was greatest in the LAA and corresponded with expression of Kir3.:1/3.4 (LAA > PLA >= PV). The EIRP change in response to vagal manipulation was most heterogeneous in the PLA;this corresponded with a pronounced heterogeneity of Kir3.1 distribution in the PLA. With VS and/or P, there was evidence of regional conduction delay in the PVs with a significant change in activation direction. Similar activation changes were not seen in the PLA and LAA. Conclusions The PVs and PLA demonstrate unique activation and repolarization characteristics in response to autonomic manipulation. The heterogeneity of vagal responses correlates with the pattern of IKAch distribution in the LA. The peculiar autonomic characteristics of the PVs and PLA might create substrate for re-entry and AF.

关键词： upper case pea LAA Vanadium ELK3 Gene seconds Left Atrium Autonomic Effect Vanadium programmable logic arrays Pulmonary Veins Enterprise resource planning local area augmentation system ELK3 gene lower shell

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Nitric oxide is involved in integration of UV-B absorbing compounds among parts of clonal plants under a heterogeneous UV-B environment

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PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015年第2期155卷 180-191页

作者： Liu, Xiao Li, Qian Yue, Ming Zhang, Xiaofei Zhang, Ruichang Zhang, Bing Wang, Ming Northwest Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Resource Biol & Biotechnol Western China Xian 710069 Peoples R China Xian Bot Garden Shaanxi Prov Inst Bot Shaanxi Prov Xian 710061 Peoples R China China Coal Technol & Engn Grp Corp Xian Res Inst Environm Protect Res Inst Xian 710054 Peoples R China

In nature, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is highly heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. Plants exposed to UV-B radiation produce UV-B absorbing compounds that function as a protective filter. For clonal plants under heterogeneous UV-B radiation conditions, integration among ramets can allow irradiated ramets to benefit un-irradiated ramets by causing them to increase their UV-B absorbing compounds content. In this study, we evaluated integration between pairs of clonal ramets of Glechoma longituba under heterogeneous or homogeneous UV-B conditions. We determined the levels of UV-B absorbing compounds, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and measured the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in connected ramet pairs under homogeneous or heterogeneous UV-B conditions. Under heterogeneous UV-B conditions, the UV-B absorbing compounds content increased in leaves of irradiated and un-irradiated ramets, but not in the connecting stolons. The NO content increased in irradiated and un-irradiated leaves and stolons, but the H2O2 content did not. Application of NO synthesis inhibitors and an NO blocker to irradiated ramets blocked the increase in UV-B absorbing compounds and PAL activity in un-irradiated ramets. These results suggested that NO is involved in the integration process for UV-B absorbing compounds among ramets. Our findings suggested that a UV-B-induced increase in NO transmits a signal to un-irradiated ramets via the stolon, leading to an increase in PAL activity and UV-B absorbing compounds content. The internal translocation of signal enables members of clonal networks to function as a whole unit and to mount an efficient defensive response to localized UV-B radiation.

关键词： SHCBP1 gene programmable logic arrays Nitric Oxide Stolon Absorption (physics) Irradiation compounds LRIT1 gene ramet NOBELIUM Beta Rays

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Adrenal lymphoma: presentation, management and prognosis

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QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2017年第2期110卷 103-109页

作者： Laurent, C. Casasnovas, O. Martin, L. Chauchet, A. Ghesquieres, H. Aussedat, G. Fornecker, L. M. Bologna, S. Borot, S. Laurent, K. Bouillet, B. Verges, B. Petit, J. -M. Univ Hosp Dijon Dept Endocrinol Dijon France Univ Hosp Dijon Dept Hematol Dijon France Univ Hosp Dijon Dept Pathol Dijon France Univ Hosp Besancon Dept Hematol Besancon France Univ Hosp Lyon Dept Hematol Ctr Leon Berard Lyon France Univ Hosp Strasbourg Dept Hematol Strasbourg France Univ Hosp Nancy Dept Hematol Nancy France Univ Hosp Besancon Dept Endocrinol Besancon France Univ Sci & Technol Nancy Nancy France

Aim: This study aimed to identify the clinical, radiological and prognostic features of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) in order to diagnose the disease more accurately. Materials and methods: A retrospective multi-centre study was conducted on the clinical, biological and radiological features as well as the treatment and overall survival outcomes in PAL. Results: Between 1994 and 2014, 28 patients from five regions of eastern France were diagnosed with primary adrenal lymphoma. The revealing symptoms were a worsening general state (77%), weight loss (77%) and abdominal pain (42%). Biological features of PAL were almost omnipresent: increased LDH, b2 microglobulin, CRP or ferritinaemia levels. The PAL was bilateral in 20 cases (71%), adrenal insufficiency was searched for in 11 patients and found in eight (73%). CT scans showed masses of various sizes measuring up to 180mm. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2. When done, positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) showed locations not seen on the CT and revealed extra- adrenal locations in 70% of examinations. Adrenalectomy brought no benefit. The overall survival rate was poor (61.9% at 2 years) despite polychemotherapy. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of PAL comprised major general symptoms. Adrenal insufficiency was very common in patients with bilateral involvement but was not systematically tested. PET was an efficient examination to visualize extra-adrenal locations. The preliminary results of MRI to distinguish between PAL and adrenocortical carcinoma should be confirmed. Further studies are needed to establish an optimal strategy for the management of these primary adrenal lymphomas.

关键词： SHCBP1 gene Diagnosis programmable logic arrays Prognostic LRIT1 gene Lymphoma

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Risk factors and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscess in adult liver recipients: a matched case-control study

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HPB 2018年第7期20卷 583-590页

作者： Czerwonko, Matias E. Huespe, Pablo Elizondo, Cristina M. Pekolj, Juan Gadano, Adrian Barcan, Laura Hyon, Sung-Ho de Santibanes, Eduardo de Santibanes, Martin Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Div HPB Surg Dept Gen Surg Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Liver Transplant Unit Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Div Minimally Invas Surg Dept Gen Surg Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Dept Internal Med Div Epidemiol & Stat Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Dept Internal Med Div Hepatol Buenos Aires DF Argentina Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Dept Internal Med Div Infect Dis Buenos Aires DF Argentina

Background: Adult liver recipients (ALR) differ from the general population with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) as they exhibit: reconstructed biliary anatomy, recurrent hospitalizations, poor clinical condition and are subjected to immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with PLA in ALR and to analyze the management experience of these patients. Methods: Between 1996 and 2016, 879 adult patients underwent liver transplantation (LT), 26 of whom developed PLA. Patients and controls were matched according to the time from transplant to abscess in a 1 to 5 relation. A logistic regression model was performed to establish PLA risk factors considering clusters for matched cases and controls. Risk factors were identified and a multivariate regression analysis performed. Results: Patients with post-LT PLA were more likely to have lower BMI (p = 0.006), renal failure (p = 0.031) and to have undergone retransplantation (p = 0.002). A history of hepatic artery thrombosis (p = 0.010), the presence of Roux en-Y hepatojejunostomy (p < 0.001) and longer organ ischemia time (p = 0.009) were independent predictors for the development of post-LT PLA. Five-year survival was 49% (95% CI 28-67%) and 89% (95% CI 78%-94%) for post-LT PLA and no post-LT PLA, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: history of hepatic artery thrombosis, the presence of hepatojejunostomy and a longer ischemia time represent independent predictors for the development of post-LT PLA. There was a significantly poorer survival in patients who developed post-LT PLA compared with those who did not.

关键词： Hepatojejunostomy programmable logic arrays Risk Factors Liver Abscess hepatic artery thrombosis pyogenic liver abscess

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Front end electronics for a variable field PET camera using the PMT-quadrant-sharing detector array design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1997年第3期44卷 1291-1296页

作者： Wong, WH Hu, GJ Zhang, N Uribe, J Wang, JM Li, HD Lu, WH Baghaei, H Yokoyama, S University of Technology Houston TX USA

This is a front end electronic design for a PET camera with 8 arrays of position sensitive detectors. Each array has 16 BGO blocks (each block is composed of 49 crystals). The design goals are component and space reduction. Each PMT has its fast amplifier and triggered integrator. Nine flash ADCs serve an array of 27 PMTs and 784 crystals. The fast signals from one or more PMT clusters are summed. The fast summed signals are thresholded and sent to a programmable logic to determines the probable scintillation zone (4 blocks) and to turn on the associated 9 PMT integrators. After integration, the logic also drives a set of ultra-fast analog snitches to connect the flash ADC set to the PMT integration channels in the scintillation zone. The 9 ADC outputs (integrated pulses with good photon statistics) are latched and compared. The comparator result determines which block in the zone is firing and the appropriate 4 ADCs are selected and bused into a position decoder. The decoder outputs the image-slice address and the crystal address. The circuit is pipelined and driven by a 250 MHz master clock.

关键词： Positron emission tomography Cameras Crystals Decoding Sensor arrays Position sensitive particle detectors programmable logic arrays programmable logic devices Switches Statistics

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TOPOlogicAL OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIPLE-LEVEL ARRAY logic

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1987年第6期6卷 915-941页

作者： DEVADAS, S NEWTON, AR UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ELECTR RES LABBERKELEYCA 94720

A generalized topological optimization tool for array-based layout styles is presented. This tool can be used for automated layout synthesis of logic networks in a variety of technologies and design styles, including static CMOS, static NMOS and dynamic MOS domino structures. Results obtained compare favorably with technology and design-style-specific synthesis systems. The topological optimization tool is a generalized array optimizer which can be used for the multiple constrained folding of programmable logic array, gate matrix, Weinberger array, multilevel matrix, and storage/logic array structures. The optimizer uses simulated-annealing-based algorithms and performs as well as or better than existing specialized PLA folding programs and gate matrix folders. The different layout style alternatives allow area-efficient synthesis of logic circuits in various technologies. Layout for sequential logic in the form of storage/logic arrays has been automated for the first time. A multiprocessor implementation of the simulated-annealing-based algorithms for generalized array optimization has been developed on the Sequent Balance 8000 multiprocessor. Dynamic windowing and dynamic partitioning techniques have resulted in an efficient parallel implementation of simulated annealing.

关键词： logic arrays programmable logic arrays CMOS logic circuits Network synthesis CMOS technology Constraint optimization Circuit simulation logic design MOS devices logic gates

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Peer teaching: a randomised controlled trial using student-teachers to teach musculoskeletal ultrasound

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MEDICAL EDUCATION 2010年第2期44卷 148-155页

作者： Knobe, Matthias Muenker, Ralf Sellei, Richard M. Holschen, Malte Mooij, Saskia C. Schmidt-Rohlfing, Bernhard Niethard, Fritz-Uwe Pape, Hans-Christoph Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Dept Trauma Surg Fac Med D-52074 Aachen Germany Bethlehem Hosp Stolberg Dept Orthopaed Surg Stolberg Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Dept Orthopaed Surg Fac Med D-52074 Aachen Germany

OBJECTIVES This study (a post-intervention assessment) was designed to assess the effectiveness of peer-assisted learning (PAL) using student-teachers (STs) with limited training to teach complicated technical skills for interpreting ultrasound images of the shoulder. METHODS Students in Years 3 and 4 of medical school were randomly assigned to two groups. In the PAL group (PG), teaching was delivered by a group of nine STs from Years 3 and 4, who undertook a 30-minute general training and 1 week of self-teaching. In the staff-led group (SG), students were taught by a group of three ultrasound-experienced doctors. Exposure took place in two separate lessons (each of 120 minutes) and introduced eight standard sectional planes (EULAR) using a 10-MHz Nemio (TM) XG system (Toshiba Medical Systems GmbH). The theoretical and practical learning outcomes were tested using a multiple-choice question (MCQ) test and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Qualitative differences were evaluated using Likert scale-based items. RESULTS Evaluation of differences between the PG (n = 75) and SG (n = 76) in the theoretical (MCQ score;P = 0.644) and practical (total OSCE score;P = 0.133) outcomes showed no difference between the two groups. However, the STs themselves showed significantly better results overall (P < 0.05). Staff members were rated more highly than STs, especially on items relating to competence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Complicated technical skills can be adequately taught to students using the PAL system by STs with limited training. Self-teaching learning strategies are successful in contexts of limited teacher training. However, despite positive objective results, STs still face prejudice from students with regard to competency.

关键词： SHCBP1 gene programmable logic arrays Peers technical skill Ultrasonography medical school OSCE Peer teaching LRIT1 gene Ultrasonic Waves Teaching Randomized Controlled Trial

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Functionalization of biodegradable PLA nonwoven fabrics as super-wetting membranes for simultaneous efficient dye and oil/water separation

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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019年第24期43卷 9696-9705页

作者： Chen, Yashi Li, Qing Chen, Xinhong Xu, Xi Southwest Univ Sch Chem & Chem Engn Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China

Although the construction process of dual functional materials for dye and oil/water separation has been developed rapidly, the postprocess of the used separation materials themselves is still a problem owing to their non-degradation in the natural environment. Herein, novel porous membranes (PLA-PEI) are successfully prepared based on the utilization of a dip-coating technique. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics present a good correlation with Langmuir isotherms and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of PLA-PEI for methyl orange (MO) can reach 455.10 mg g(-1), which is approximately 78 times as much as that of PLA (5.82 mg g(-1)). In addition, the separation efficiencies of three actual oils (methylbenzene, hexamethylene and soybean oil) are all higher than 99.7%. Moreover, the obtained membranes can realize high-efficiency and simultaneous removal of MO (removal efficiency > 99.8%) and oil droplets (oil rejection > 99.7%) from mixed wastewater under a permeate flux of up to 8285 L m(-2) h(-1) solely driven by gravity. These results suggest that PLA-PEI is a promising and competitive candidate for water purification.

关键词： DESTRUCTION REMOVAL EFFICIENCY blended effluent building methods Dyes separation efficiency FUNCTIONALISED programmable logic arrays membrane Soybean Oil LANGMUIR ISOTHERM Adsorption isotherms oils Nonwoven fabrics Water Purification

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