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IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation

作者： Milad Mirzaee Sima Noghanian Lindsey Wiest Isaac Chang Department of Electrical Engineering University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND USA Department of Technology University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479978168

This paper presents the feasibility of conductive acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials in the fabrication of flexible three-dimensional (3D) antennas using additive manufacturing method. To demonstrate this application a bowtie antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed structure has been designed and measured. The prototype of the antenna has been fabricated using Makerbot dual 3D printer and flexible polylactic acid (PLA) and ABS filaments for dielectric and conductive parts of the antenna, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first reported antenna fabricated with conductive ABS material. The dielectric properties of the PLA and ABS filaments have been measured using Agilent performance probe. The fabricated antenna possesses compact size, light-weight and mechanically flexible structure. In addition it achieves wide bandwidth of 24.18 % at the center frequency of 7.81 GHz.

关键词： ABS resins DDX41 gene Antilock Braking Systems ANTENNA antennae center frequency conductivity bow-tie antennas 3D Printer programmable logic arrays Microstrip antennas fabrication FLEXIBLE coplanar waveguides

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Analysis of structural mechanics of solid microneedle using COMSOL software

Analysis of structural mechanics of solid microneedle using ...

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International Conference on Innovations in Information,Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS)

作者： Urvi Kanakaraj Tshewang Lhaden Karthik Raj V. Department of Biomedical Engineering SRM University Chennai India

Microneedles are currently being extensively researched for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, as they are painless, cheaper than conventional needles, and reduce risk of infection. In this paper, we have selected 10 materials for solid microneedle and have performed the structural analysis of each material using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3. The study was based on the factors affecting microneedle strength such as buckling and bending forces. The result indicated that the microneedle made of Silicon carbide was superior to the other selected materials and while considering the property of biodegradability for the same study, Silk was preferred. PLA and Polycarbonate experienced buckling and thus were not preferred from the selected materials.

关键词： Force Skin Needles Stress Silicon carbide programmable logic arrays Drugs

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Design and Synthesis of Ultralow Energy Spin-Memristor Threshold logic

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014年第3期13卷 574-583页

作者： Fan, Deliang Sharad, Mrigank Roy, Kaushik Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47906 USA

A threshold logic gate performs weighted sum of multiple inputs and compares the sum with a threshold. We propose spin-memeristor threshold logic (SMTL) gates, which employ a memristive cross-bar array to perform current-mode summation of binary inputs, whereas the low-voltage fast-switching spintronic threshold devices carry out the threshold operation in an energy efficient manner. Field-programmable SMTL gate arrays can operate at a small terminal voltage of similar to 50 mV, resulting in ultralow power consumption in gates as well as programmable interconnect networks. We evaluate the performance of SMTL using threshold logic synthesis. Results for common benchmarks show that SMTL-based programmable logic hardware can be more than 100 x energy efficient than the state-of-the-art CMOS field-programmable gate array.

关键词： Boolean functions magnetic domains memristor nanotechnology programmable logic arrays threshold logic (TL)

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Robust communication with IoT devices using wearable brain machine interfaces 15

Robust communication with IoT devices using wearable brain m...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Md Muztoba Ujjwal Gupta Tanvir Mustofa Umit Y. Ogras School of Electrical Arizona State University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383899

Proliferation of internet-of-things (IoT) will lead to scenarios where humans will interact with and control a variety of networked devices including sensors and actuators. Wearable brain-machine interfaces (BMI) can be a key enabler of this interaction for people with disabilities and limited motor skills. At the same time, BMI can improve the experience of healthy individuals significantly. However, state-of-the-art BMI systems have limited applicability as they are prone to errors even with sophisticated machine learning algorithms used for classifying the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. We improve the reliability of BMI communication significantly by proposing two techniques at higher abstraction layers. Our first contribution is a command confirmation protocol that protects the brain-machine communication against false interpretations at run time. The second contribution is an off-line optimal event selection algorithm that identifies the most reliable subset of events supported by the target BMI system. The event selection is guided by novel user specific reliability metrics defined for the first time in this paper. Extensive experiments using a commercial BMI system demonstrate that the proposed techniques increase the communication robustness significantly, and reduce the time to complete a complex navigation task by 63% on average.

关键词： Protocols Irrigation Principal component analysis programmable logic arrays

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Preparation, Characterization, and Biodegradation of PS:PLA and PS:PLA:OMMT Nanocomposites Using Aspergillus niger

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2014年第2期35卷 263-272页

作者： Shimpi, Navinchandra G. Borane, Mahesh Mishra, Satyendra North Maharashtra Univ Univ Inst Chem Technol Dept Nanosci & Technol Jalgaon 425001 MS India

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was synthesized using l-lactic acid by condensation polymerization. Polystyrene (PS) and surface modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was used for the preparation of PS:PLA composites and PS:PLA:OMMT nanocomposites. The composite materials prepared had varying amount of PLA (10-30%) and OMMT (0.5-5 phr). These composites were subjected to degradation in minimal medium using the fungi Aspergillus niger (A. niger) under controlled conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the growth of microorganism on the polymer surface and fracture within the polymer matrix as a result of degradation. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) was further used to determine the mechanism leading to biodegradation. It was found that the biodegradation of both PS:PLA and PS:PLA:OMMT took place mainly via break down and utilization of ester group, as can be seen from disappearance of absorption peak of ester group and simultaneous appearance of a typical IR absorption of microbial mass at 1450 cm(-1). The thermal stability of PS:PLA:OMMT nanocomposites was found to increase with increasing concentration of OMMT, as observed from thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), while mechanical property was found to be decreased after degradation at 30% of PLA and 5 wt% of OMMT content. Change in extracellular protein content, biomass production and % degradation with respect to time (up to 28 days) were studied and correlated to evaluate the effectiveness of A. niger in biodegradation of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:263-272, 2014. (c) 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： infrared absorption polymer surface absorption peak biodegradation programmable logic arrays Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Composites L-Lactic Acid Scanning Electron Microscope Nanocomposites Microbes Aspergillus niger Mechanical properties Organo-modified montmorillonite

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Crystallization Behavior, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Tributyl Citrate/Treated Calcium Carbonate Composites

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2014年第8期35卷 1570-1582页

作者： Shi, Nan Dou, Qiang Nanjing Univ Technol Dept Polymer Sci Coll Mat Sci & Engn Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China

In this article, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites containing titanate coupling agent treated calcium carbonate (T-CaCO3) and tributyl citrate (TBC) were prepared via melt blending. The crystallization, morphology, mechanical properties, and nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of PLA composites were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests, respectively. The results show that TBC promotes crystallization of PLA. Both T-CaCO3 and TBC significantly decrease the spherulitic size, but the crystal structure of PLA is not changed. A synergistic toughening effect is obtained by the combination of T-CaCO3 and TBC. The nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of PLA composites is well described by Mo's method. The activation energies (Delta E) of nonisothermal cold crystallization were calculated by Kissinger and Takhor methods, respectively. It is found that the addition of T-CaCO3 and TBC increases Delta E, but it also increases the cold crystallization rate. VC 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： Composites programmable logic arrays Cold crystallization calcium carbonate Crystallization crystallization force TBC1D1 gene Scanning Electron Microscope titanate coupling agent crystal structure Mechanical properties

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Simultaneous determination of berberine and palmatine in human plasma and in urine by capillary electrophoresis combined with polypropylene hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction

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ANALYTICAL METHODS 2014年第19期6卷 7928-7934页

作者： Song, Tianhe Zhang, Kalin Yanbo Lao, Lixing Lee, Kai Fai Tang, Sydney Chi Wai Ng, Tzi Bun Sze, Stephen Cho Wing Univ Hong Kong Sch Chinese Med Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Obstetricians & Gynaecologists Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Med Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Fac Med Sch Biomed Sci Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

A sensitive and precise method for determination of berberine hydrochloride (BEH) and palmatine (PAL) in human plasma and in urine simultaneously was developed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with polypropylene hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (PHF-LLLME). Because of the reports of human poisoning as a consequence of unregulated use of some drugs containing alkaloids, development of a rapid and precise assay for alkaloid measurement in the clinical setting is desirable. We report herein the development of a sensitive and precise assay for the measurement of alkaloids in the setting of a clinic. Ten participants (6 men and 4 women with a mean age of 26.3) who resided in a closed research unit participated in the detection of alkaloids. All of the volunteers were healthy. BEH and PAL were selected as model compounds to develop and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was 20-1600 ng mL(-1) for BEH, and 50-1600 ng mL(-1) for PAL. The limits of quantification for BEH and PAL were found to be 8.7 and 11.3 ng mL(-1), respectively. The average extraction recoveries in urine ranged from 87.3 to 102.4% and in plasma ranged from 78.2 to 109.7%. The RSDs were less than 4.2 and 10.5, respectively. The proposed method greatly improves the extraction efficiency and simplifies the experimental procedure considerably, and can be used as an automatic process for quantitative determination of alkaloids in a clinical setting.

关键词： SHCBP1 gene Urine programmable logic arrays AUTOMATIC PROCESSING Polypropylenes alkaloids Hollow Fiber LRIT1 gene Capillary electrophoresis palmatine Berberine

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Development of Plasticized PLA/NH₂-CNTs Nanocomposite: Potential of NH₂-CNTs to Improve Electroactive Shape Memory Properties

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2014年第11期35卷 2129-2136页

作者： Alam, Javed Alam, Manawwer Dass, Lawrence Arockiasamy Shanmugharaj, A. M. Raja, Mohan King Saud Univ King Abdullah Inst Nanotechnol Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ Coll Sci Res Ctr Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Kyung Hee Univ Coll Environm & Appl Chem Yongin Kyunggido South Korea Amity Univ Amity Inst Nanotechnol Noida 201303 Uttar Pradesh India

A polymer nanocomposite system comprising epoxidized soya oil plasticized-polylactic acid (PLA) and amine functionalized carbon nanotubes (NH2 functionalized-CNTs) has been prepared with the aim of producing electrically conductive PLA products suitable for shape memory (SM) applications. An influence of the addition of NH2 functionalized-CNTs on thermal, mechanical properties, and morphology development of plasticized PLA/NH2 functionalized-CNTs nanocomposite was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. In addition, electroactive SM behavior in resulting nanocomposite was evaluated by a bending test, and the recovery process was recorded with video camera. The results showed that SM behavior in nanocomposite was influenced by NH2 functionalized-CNTs weight percent in matrix. Nanocomposite with 5 wt% NH2 functionalized-CNTs showed optimum values of shape recovery due to its relatively high electrical conductivity, and an adequate degree of crosslinking between NH2 functionalized-CNTs and plasticized PLA matrix. However, more than 5 wt% loading of NH2 functionalized-CNTs dropped down an elongation at break, while tensile at break increased with the increasing of CNTs weight percent in matrix. Interesting point in this study is that all improvements in the properties of resulting PLA/NH2 functionalized-CNTs nanocomposite sheet were observed at very low filler content, while other literature reports where large quantities of CNTs were used. (C) 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

关键词： Soybean Oil Nanocomposites weight percent Amines high conductivity Samarium Shape memory programmable logic arrays center-notch tensile specimen Atomic Force Microscopy

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Using synchroton radiation-based micro-computer tomography (SR μ-CT) for the measurement of fibre orientations in cellulose fibre-reinforced polylactide (PLA) composites

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014年第1期49卷 450-460页

作者： Graupner, Nina Beckmann, Felix Wilde, Fabian Muessig, Joerg Univ Appl Sci Bremen Biol Mat Grp Fac Biomimet 5 D-28199 Bremen Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht D-21502 Geesthacht Germany

The present work deals with the measurement of fibre orientation angles in composites. A study by Bax and Mussig [1] investigated the mechanical properties (tensile and impact characteristics) of injection-moulded flax and Cordenka-reinforced polylactide (PLA) composites with fibre mass fractions between 10 and 30 %. Raising the fibre content from 10 to 30 % resulted in an increase in tensile characteristics, but it was noted that a reinforcement with 10 % flax fibres led to poorer tensile strength as compared to the neat PLA matrix. This behaviour was not expected and needs clarification. Therefore, test specimens with a fibre content of 10 and 30 mass % were examined for their fibre orientations and void content. For the investigations, microcomputer tomography images were created by monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Fibre orientation angles of these micrographs were determined with an adapted measuring mask of the Fibre-shape software. It could be shown that the fibre orientation in the composite is dependent on the fibre mass fraction and the type of fibre. No voids were found in all the investigated composites. The average fibre orientation angle of 10 % flax/PLA showed a larger deviation from the longitudinal axis of the test specimen than the other samples, and is made primarily responsible for the lower tensile strength of this composite.

关键词： synchroton micro-computer composites Micro computer Fiber orientation mass-ratio programmable logic arrays Cellulose fibers ORIENTATION ANGLE Composites Tensile Strength Fiber tensile specimen fiber flax Tomography crude fibre TENSILE PROPERTIES Polylactides

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programmable Resistive-Switch Nanowire Transistor logic Circuits

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NANO LETTERS 2014年第9期14卷 5430-5436页

作者： Shim, Wooyoung Yao, Jun Lieber, Charles M. Harvard Univ Dept Chem & Chem Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Yonsei Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea Harvard Univ Sch Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

programmable logic arrays (PLA) constitute a promising architecture for developing increasingly complex and functional circuits through nanocomputers from nanoscale building blocks. Here we report a novel one-dimensional PLA element that incorporates resistive switch gate structures on a semiconductor nanowire and show that multiple elements can be integrated to realize functional PLAs. In our PLA element, the gate coupling to the nanowire transistor can be modulated by the memory state of the resistive switch to yield programmable active (transistor) or inactive (resistor) states within a well-defined logic window. Multiple PLA nanowire elements were integrated and programmed to yield a working 2-to-4 demultiplexer with long-term retention. The well-defined, controllable logic window and long-term retention of our new one-dimensional PLA element provide a promising route for building increasingly complex circuits with nanoscale building blocks.

关键词： Nanoprocessor nanocomputing nanoelectronics programmable logic arrays crossbar arrays memory

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