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A METHODOLOGY FOR CUSTOM VLSI LAYOUT

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL 1983年第6期28卷 671-677页

作者： BREUER, MA KUMAR, A Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India

In this paper, we present a new methodology for custom VLSI layout which aims at a low turnaround time and a high quality of design. VLSI circuits are highly complex, and to speed up the design process we exploit the hierarchical structure of a design, splitting the problem domain into several levels. The process of layout at each level is divided into steps such as placement of rectangular blocks, determining block dimensions, determining interconnection paths, etc. In order to obtain high quailty, designs, we have systematically analyzed the relationship among the parameters being computed at various steps and have accordingly organized the flow of data and control through these steps. There are two novel features in our scheme. First, we do not follow the usual pure top-down or pure bottom-up approach, so as to take into account the influence of design decisions at the higher levels on design decisions made at the lower levels, as well as vice versa. For example, we determine the geometry, of a block taking into consideration the context in which it is placed, as well as the geometries of the lower level blocks it encloses. Second, we perform a look-ahead operation when the values of some parameters are needed before they are actually deterministically computable by the process. For example, at the time of placement, the area required for routing is estimated statistically (before doing the actual routing) so that a more routable placement can be obtained, thereby avoiding some unnecessary iterations.

关键词： Very large scale integration programmable logic arrays Integrated circuit interconnections Control systems Geometry Routing Silicon Wires Kernel Process design

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MINIMAL COVERING PROBLEM AND PLA MINIMIZATION

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER & INFORMATION SCIENCES 1985年第6期14卷 337-364页

作者： YOUNG, MH MUROGA, S UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT COMP SCIURBANAIL 61801

Solving the minimal covering problem by an implicit enumeration method is discussed. The implicit enumeration method in this paper is a modification of the Quine-McCluskey method tailored to computer processing and also its extension, utilizing some new properties of the minimal covering problem for speedup. A heuristic algorithm is also presented to solve large-scale problems. Its application to the minimization of programmable logic arrays (i.e., PLAs) is shown as an example. Computational experiences are presented to confirm the improvements by the implicit enumeration method discussed.

关键词： Minimal covering problem implicit enumeration method Quine-McCluskey method logic minimization programmable logic arrays minimal sum heuristic minimization

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TASK PARTITIONING IN programmable logic SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER 1976年第1期9卷 19-24页

作者： ROTHMULLER, K HEWLETT PACKARD CO DATA SYST DIVCUPEPTINOCA 95014

The advent of low-cost microcomputer chip sets is having a dramatic impact on the direction of digital design. Except for very cost-sensitive products, most new designs are constructed utilizing programmable logic to replace more conventional random logic designs. The premise of this new logic form is based on the cost savings exhibited by solutions consisting of a small number of different LSI parts over those with many SSI/MSI parts performing the same functions. Low LSI parts costs are achieved by producing functions (e.g., RAM, ROM, processor, and I/O parts) with general utility so that each chip can be manufactured in very high volume. logic functions are realized by specifying a set of step-by-step instructions which are executed sequentially by the processor.

关键词： programmable logic arrays programmable logic devices logic design Cost function Large scale integration Microcomputers Product design Read only memory Manufacturing processes logic functions

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Poly-lactic-acid for coating of endovascular stents: preliminary results in canine experimental av-fistulae

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MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK 2001年第2期32卷 193-199页

作者： Schellhammer, F Berlis, A Bloss, HG Pagenstecher, A Schumacher, M Univ Cologne Inst & Poliklin Radiol Diagnost Dept Radiol D-50931 Cologne Germany Univ Freiburg Dept Neuroradiol Freiburg Germany Univ Bonn Dept Radiol D-5300 Bonn Germany Univ Freiburg Dept Neurosurg Freiburg Germany Univ Freiburg Dept Neuropathol Freiburg Germany

Poly-Lactic-Acid (PLA) was evaluated for coating of vascular endoprostheses in the treatment of experimental arterio-venous-fistulae (AVF). Bilateral carotid-external jugular AVF were created in 5 adult dogs. 7 PLA coated nitinol stents were placed via a transfemoral approach covering 5 AVF. The contralateral AVF remained untreated. Angiography was performed immediately after stent placement, at weeks 1 and 3 and at months 3, 6 and 9. All grafts were removed and underwent histologic examination. In 2 cases the occlusion of the AVF was successful, while misplacement occurred in 3 cases. Occlusion of the parent vessel was disclosed in 3 cases. Histologic examination revealed a mild inflammatory reaction with the presence of macrophages. There was no foreign-body reaction or fragmentation of the arterial vessel wall. PLA, which is a well-known biodegradable material, showed a good mid-term biocompatibility. Elastic mismatch of the non-elastic coating and the self-expandable nitinol stent caused misplacement. Frequent vessel-occlusions were probably due to PLA-filaments fraying into the vessel lumen. Using a different textile structure PLA might be a material suitable for coating endovascular stents.

关键词： Coating Stents nickel-titanium alloy Coated nitinol stent programmable logic arrays Angiography

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SPECIFICATION OF BIPOLAR LSI DEVICE INPUT STATES FOR LATCHUP TESTING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 1982年第2期29卷 1062-1065页

作者： ERICKSON, JJ BINDER, D Hughes Aircraft Company Culver CA USA

A method of specifying input combinations for latchup testing of bipolar LSI devices is described, which is based on the fact that certain block structures are repeated throughout the device. With this method, the number of input combinations required for radiation testing is reduced significantly. The 82S100 and the 25LS2517 were analyzed using this technique, and the number of input combinations was shown to be two, for both devices. Copyright © 1982 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： logic devices logic gates Large scale integration Circuit testing logic circuits programmable logic arrays Optical microscopy Aircraft Cities and towns Latches

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Condensin mutations and abnormal chromosomal structures in pyothorax-associated lymphoma

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CANCER SCIENCE 2007年第7期98卷 1041-1047页

作者： Ham, Maria Francisca Takakuwa, Tetsuya Rahadiani, Nur Tresnasari, Kristianti Nakajima, Hiroo Aozasa, Katsuyuki Osaka Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Pathol Osaka 5650871 Japan Osaka Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Radiat Biol & Med Genet Osaka 5650871 Japan

Transfer of genetic information during mitosis is accurately conducted by proper condensation and segregation of chromosomes, for which condensins play a central role. Both condensin I and II have common structural maintenance of chromosomes subunits, named hCAP-C and hCAP-E. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing in the pleural cavity of patients with long-standing pyothorax. Mutations of hCAP-C and hCAP-E were investigated in 24 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines including eight PAL cell lines, and their influences in chromosome morphology were evaluated. Heterozygous point mutations within hCAP-C were found in two PAL cell lines and corresponding tumor samples (OPL-3 and OPL-7). Deletion of exon 24 within hCAP-E and a point mutation at the donor splice site of intron 24 were detected in OPL-5 and original tumor samples. OPL-5 showed an extensive reduction in expression of not only hCAP-E but also hCAP-C proteins. OPL-5 occasionally showed the chromosome bridge in anaphase and telophase, indicating that segregation is not accurate. OPL-7 showed reduced hCAP-C protein expression, abnormality in chromosome length and width, and abnormal aggregates of hCAP-C protein. These findings indicated that condensin gene alteration might play a role in genome instability, which accelerates the accumulation of other gene alterations in PAL.

关键词： Lymphoma Carbon ion citrate-binding transport protein 淋巴瘤 SHCBP1 gene Pyothorax-Associated Lymphoma Telophase condensin complexes chromosome size CARBON IONS programmable logic arrays SMC2 gene Gene Mutation Genomic Instability Point Mutation Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma chromosome morphology LRIT1 gene Lymphoma

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TTL programmable logic ARRAY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1976年第3期64卷 368-369页

作者： HWANG, K MIBELLI, J PURDUE UNIV SCH ELECT ENGNW LAFAYETTEIN 47907 CULTER ELECTR INC MIAMIFL

A logic-in-latch programmable logic array is developed with practical TTL IC's. Performance measures, LSI fabrication, and various digital applications of such high-speed bipolar PLA are illustrated and compared w... 详细信息

关键词： programmable logic arrays logic programming logic devices logic circuits Latches Large scale integration Functional programming Monitoring logic design Manufacturing

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A VLSI MEMORY MANAGEMENT CHIP - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND EXPERIENCE

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1984年第3期19卷 325-328页

作者： GOKSEL, AK FIELDS, JA LAROCCA, FD LU, PM TROUTMAN, WW WONG, KN BELL TEL LABS INC MURRAY HILLNJ 07974

The design of a VLSI memory measurement chip which provides the WE 32001 microprocessor with an extensive set of memory management capabilities is described. The chip is implemented in 1.75 /spl mu/m twin-tub CMOS II technology and contains 92000 transistors. Highlights of the technology are the use of twin tubs for independently optimized n- and p-channel transistors, local oxidation and self-aligned channel-stops for parasitic field protection, and the use of an n/SUP +/ substrate for latchup protection. In addition, a composite layer of TaSi over n/SUP +/ polysilicon is used to achieve a fivefold reduction in sheet resistance over the conventional n/SUP +/ polysilicon. Electrical channel lengths for n-channel and p-channel transistors are nominally 1.5 /spl mu/m.

关键词： Very large scale integration Memory management CMOS technology Permission programmable logic arrays Fault detection Space technology Design methodology Operating systems Switches

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programmable INTERCONNECTS SPEED SYSTEM VERIFICATION

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IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE 1993年第3期9卷 37-42页

作者： MOHSEN, A

A family of CMOS integrated circuits called field programmable interconnect components (FPICs) that can provide designers with the high-density interconnect architectures for making programmable hardware a reality is discussed. The FPIC devices address a broad spectrum of interconnect needs, including system prototypes and breadboards, user-specific/configurable printed circuit boards (PCBs), application configurable processors, test interfaces, and programmable connector and switching matrix applications. Using FPIC devices for system prototyping, in conjunction with other programmable components (programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP, and programmable memory) enhance the design verification process, allowing faster, more flexible, and thorough product integration. Field programmable circuit boards (FPCBs) designed to take advantage of the high density interconnect and observability of FPIC devices and a FPIC/FPCB development environment are described.< >

关键词： Integrated circuit interconnections Prototypes Circuit testing Field programmable gate arrays programmable logic arrays CMOS integrated circuits Hardware Printed circuits System testing Connectors

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Evaluation of orally administered telmisartan for the reduction of indirect systolic arterial blood pressure in awake, clinically normal cats

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JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY 2019年第2期21卷 109-114页

作者： Coleman, Amanda E. Brown, Scott A. Stark, Marcus Bryson, Lawrence Zimmerman, Alicia Zimmering, Tanja Traas, Anne M. Univ Georgia Coll Vet Med Dept Small Anim Med & Surg 501 DW Brooks Dr Athens GA 30605 USA Univ Georgia Coll Vet Med Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Athens GA USA Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth Rheinland Pfalz Germany Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmed St Joseph MO USA

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of multiple once- or twice-daily oral dosage rates of the angiotensin II, type-1 receptor blocker, telmisartan (TEL), or placebo (PLA) on indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) in awake, clinically normal cats. Methods Utilizing an incomplete crossover design and following a 14 day acclimation period, 28 healthy laboratory cats were randomized to undergo treatment with three of the following 14 day treatment protocols, each separated by a 1 week washout period: oral PLA q24h, oral TEL at a dosage of 1, 1.5, 2 or 3 mg/kg q24h, or oral TEL at a dosage of 1 or 1.5 mg/kg q12h. Using the Doppler ultrasound method, indirect SBP was measured daily during each treatment period, and daily during the first 5 days of each washout period, approximately 3 h after administration of the morning treatment. Results Each treatment protocol was administered to a total of 12 cats. A statistically significant effect of treatment period was identified for the entire study;therefore, only data from the first treatment period (four cats per treatment group) were used for further analysis. Compared with PLA, during the first treatment period, SBP values were significantly lower in cats treated with TEL at all tested dosages by the second week of treatment. SBP remained significantly lower than in PLA-treated animals for 2 days following administration of the last dose in all TEL treatment groups. No clinical signs of hypotension were noted in any group. Conclusions and relevance These results suggest that treatment with TEL at a total daily dose of 1-3 mg/kg - administered as a single dose, or split into two equal doses administered 12 h apart - results in a significant, relatively long-lasting reduction of SBP in clinically normal cats. TEL appears to be well tolerated by normal cats at the dosages tested.

关键词： Daily programmable logic arrays Cross-Over Studies Treatment Protocols SHBG wt Allele Mouth ETV6 gene Dose telmisartan

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