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Stepper Motor Position Control Using PD and MPC Algorithms Embedded in programmable logic controller

IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 39096-39106页

作者： Jaswal, Anshul Abu-Ayyad, Ma'moun Lad, Yash Attaluri, Anilchandra Penn State Harrisburg Sch Sci Engn & Technol Dept Mech Engn Middletown PA 17057 USA

This research studies the implementation of Proportional-Derivative (PD) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches embedded in an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) to achieve the precise position control of a stepper motor. The MPC algorithm is widely used in industrial plants, particularly in slower processes, such as press machines and heat treatment. However, their application in faster processes, such as servomotors and robotics, is often require faster optimization algorithms or more powerful processors. In this project, MATLAB Simulink (R) was used to model the motor and test the controller in advance to reduce the field commissioning time. Once validated, the model was exported to PLC-compatible code for real-time system integration. In addition, this study compares the result of MPC algorithm with traditional control strategies, such as PD. To generate pulses and read the motor encoder signal, the project used special function modules and implemented IEC 61131 programming code in ladder logic, function blocks, and structured text. The integration of Simulink with PLCs proved successful, demonstrating the adaptability and responsiveness of the system under varying conditions. Detailed analyses of motor position and speed further highlight the performance of the system. The PD controller exhibited more effective results in controlling position than the PI and MPC controllers. Implementing MPC on PLCs present challenges such as limited computational power, memory, and programming flexibility. PLCs often lack the processing capacity for real-time optimization and fast sampling rates required for accurate predictions.

关键词： Motors Rotors Mathematical models Torque Industries Accuracy Real-time systems programmable logic devices logic Signal resolution programmable logic controller proportional derivative controller model predictive control stepper motor position control

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programmable logic controller Forensics

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IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2017年第6期15卷 18-24页

作者： Ahmed, Irfan Obermeier, Sebastian Sudhakaran, Sneha Roussev, Vassil Univ New Orleans Comp Sci New Orleans LA 70148 USA ABB Software Zurich Switzerland Univ New Orleans Dept Comp Sci New Orleans LA 70148 USA Univ New Orleans Dept Comp Sci New Orleans LA 70148 USA

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) automate the control and monitoring of physical industrial and infrastructure processes such as power generation, gas pipelines, and water management. Due to the convergence of networking infrastructure, PLCs can be exposed to cyberattacks over the network with potentially catastrophic consequences. This article introduces the basic mechanisms by which various attacks can be detected, analyzed, and ultimately remedied.

关键词： Integrated circuits Process control programmable logic devices Digital forensics Computer crime Monitoring SCADA INSPEC: Controlled Indexing digital forensics programmable controllers INSPEC: Non-Controlled Indexing programmable logic controller forensics PLCs control automation monitoring automation physical industrial infrastructure processes power generation gas pipelines water management networking infrastructure cyberattacks attack detection Author Keywords programmable logic controller industrial control system ICS forensics cyberattack SCADA digital forensics

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programmable logic controller implementation of an auto-tuned predictive control based on minimal plant information

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2011年第1期50卷 92-100页

作者： Valencia-Palomo, G. Rossiter, J. A. Univ Sheffield Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England

This paper makes two key contributions. First, it tackles the issue of the availability of constrained predictive control for low-level control loops. Hence, it describes how the constrained control algorithm is embedded in an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) using the IEC 61131-3 programming standard. Second, there is a definition and implementation of a novel auto-tuned predictive controller;the key novelty is that the modelling is based on relatively crude but pragmatic plant information. Laboratory experiment tests were carried out in two bench-scale laboratory systems to prove the effectiveness of the combined algorithm and hardware solution. For completeness, the results are compared with a commercial proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller (also embedded in the PLC) using the most up to date auto-tuning rules. (C) 2010 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Predictive control Auto-tuning programmable logic controller IEC 61131-3

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programmable logic controller Block Monitoring System for Memory Attack Defense in Industrial Control Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2427-2442页

作者： Mingyu Lee Jiho Shin Jung Taek Seo Department of Information Security Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea Police Science Institute Korean National Police UniversityAsan31539Korea Department of Computer Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea

Cyberattacks targeting industrial control systems(ICS)are becoming more sophisticated and advanced than in the past.A programmable logic controller(PLC),a core component of ICS,controls and monitors sensors and actuators in the ***,PLC has memory attack threats such as program injection and manipulation,which has long been a major target for attackers,and it is important to detect these attacks for ICS *** detect PLC memory attacks,a security system is required to acquire and monitor PLC memory *** addition,the performance impact of the security system on the PLC makes it difficult to apply to the *** address these challenges,this paper proposes a system to detect PLC memory attacks by continuously acquiring and monitoring PLC *** proposed system detects PLC memory attacks by acquiring the program blocks and block information directly from the same layer as the PLC and then comparing them in bytes with previous *** with Siemens S7-300 and S7-400 PLC were conducted to evaluate the PLC memory detection performance and performance impact on *** experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system detects all malicious organization block(OB)injection and data block(DB)manipulation,and the increment of PLC cycle time,the impact on PLC performance,was less than 1 *** proposed system detects PLC memory attacks with a simpler detection method than earlier ***,the proposed system can be applied to ICS with a small performance impact on PLC.

关键词： programmable logic controller industrial control system attack detection

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programmable logic controller based Automatic Voltage and Frequency Control of MicroGrid To Study load characteristics of MicroGrid

Programmable Logic Controller based Automatic Voltage and Fr...

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55th Annual IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (ICPS)

作者： Zia, Aamir Saeed, Awais Malik, Qasim Univ Management & Technol Elect Engn Dept Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538675519

The Electrical Grid (EG) is considered to function as an arrangement residing of distribution, transmission and generation with the help and support of different controlling devices to sustain system constancy, productivity & reliability. Operation and control of three phase MicroGrid is about productive control and monitoring. This involves the stability of voltages and frequency at generator Bus Bar (BB). This is effectuated by maintaining the field excitation voltages of Synchronous Generator (SG) to have 380V/440V at the BB. Furthermore, frequency at the Bus Bar is maintained at approximately 50Hz by supervising the speed of prime mover. Over and done with these projects, the undergraduate students, in accumulation to triumph used to with the fundamentals of Electrical Machines. For the institution, excellence laboratory instrument was established at a low cost;it is rigid, reliable and provides maximum learning outcomes of MicroGrid. Inclusion of Synchronous Machine based Distributed Generator's to enhance stability of MicroGrid which is its biggest concern.

关键词： Electrical Grid Control & Operation programmable logic controller Prime Mover MicroGrid BusBar Electrical Machines Synchronous Generator

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programmable logic controller system for controlling and monitoring home application using mobile network

Programmable logic controller system for controlling and mon...

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23rd IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Alheraish, A. Alomar, W. Abu-Al-Ela, M. King Saud Univ Dept Elect Engn POB 375529 Riyadh 11335 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9780780393592

Controlling and monitoring the machines remotely is an important field of study these days. Since we are living in the mobile communication evolution, some researches study the methodology of implementing a communication system that can be used by the machines. This paper designs a control system that allows to the user to control and monitor the machine by using the mobile phone network.

关键词： programmable logic controller machine automation GSM home security microcontroller

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programmable logic controller optical fibre sensor interface module

Programmable logic controller optical fibre sensor interface...

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Conference on Smart Nano-Micro Materials and Devices/SPIE Smart Nano + Micro Materials and Devices Forum

作者： Allwood, Gary Wild, Graham Hinckley, Steven Edith Cowan Univ Ctr Commun Engn Res Photon Res Lab Joondalup WA 6028 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488459

Most automated industrial processes use Distributed Control Systems (DCSs) or programmable logic controllers (PLCs) for automated control. PLCs tend to be more common as they have much of the functionality of DCSs, although they are generally cheaper to install and maintain. PLCs in conjunction with a human machine interface form the basis of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, combined with communication infrastructure and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). RTU's basically convert different sensor measurands in to digital data that is sent back to the PLC or supervisory system. Optical fibre sensors are becoming more common in industrial processes because of their many advantageous properties. Being small, lightweight, highly sensitive, and immune to electromagnetic interference, means they are an ideal solution for a variety of diverse sensing applications. Here, we have developed a PLC Optical Fibre Sensor Interface Module (OFSIM), in which an optical fibre is connected directly to the OFSIM located next to the PLC. The embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors, are highly sensitive and can detect a number of different measurands such as temperature, pressure and strain without the need for a power supply.

关键词： programmable logic controller fibre Bragg grating

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programmable logic controller for Embedded Implementation of Input-Constrained Systems

Programmable Logic Controller for Embedded Implementation of...

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20th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC)

作者： Levenson, Richard M. Nelson, Zachary E. Adegbege, Ambrose A. Coll New Jersey Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ewing NJ 08628 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Baltimore MD 21218 USA

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have the benefit of being able to withstand a variety of environments while maintaining high reliability compared to computers and other controllers. Traditionally, PLCs have been used for simple ON-OFF control schemes or for proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. However, recent developments in technology have allowed even low-cost PLCs to implement more advanced and efficient algorithms. This paper investigates a PLC implementation of the specialized Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS) algorithm. The PGS algorithm is able to quickly and efficiently solve both symmetric and asymmetric mathematical programming problems. The algorithm can be further utilized to solve more complicated problems such as model predictive control (MPC). The focus of this paper is to solve a general constrained optimization problem on a PLC and to expand the capability to solve a MPC example. The Directlogic Do-More PLC is exploited both for computational efficiency and for memory utilization. (C) 2017, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Projected Gauss-Seidel programmable logic controller Input-Constrained Systems Model Predictive Control

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programmable logic controller applied in steam generators water levels

Programmable logic controller applied in steam generators wa...

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1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference / 31st IAS Annual Meeting

作者： Zhao, FT Du, W Xu, YH Hu, ZR ZHEJIANG UNIV INST INSTRUMENTAT CHEM ENGNHANGZHOU 310027PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)0780335457

The purpose of this paper is to present a programmable logic controller (PLC) control system that is applied to the main feedwater process of a pressurized water reactor, construct a structure that the alternative system is a hot backup to the operating system between PLC and the original analog instrument control system, overcome the draw backs of TI545 type PLC control module, and implement an advanced digital control algorithm to improve the control performance simultaneously. Successful results are obtained from this scheme. Implementation indicates that the PLC control system improves the performance of both steam generator water levels regulation and disturbance rejection.

关键词： nuclear reactor steam generators level control digital control programmable controllers fission reactor cooling power engineering computing nuclear power stations power station control steam generators water levels programmable logic controller PLC control system feedwater process pressurized water reactor hot backup advanced digital control algorithm control performance improvement water levels regulation disturbance rejection

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HRPDF: A Software-Based Heterogeneous Redundant Proactive Defense Framework for programmable logic controller

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2021年第6期36卷 1307-1324页

作者： Ke Liu Jing-Yi Wang Qiang Wei Zhen-Yong Zhang Jun Sun Rong-Kuan Ma Rui-Long Deng State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou 450001China College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Information Systems Singapore Management UniversitySingapore 689867Singapore

programmable logic controllers(PLCs)play a critical role in many industrial control systems,yet face increasingly serious cyber *** this paper,we propose a novel PLC-compatible software-based defense mechanism,called Heterogeneous Redundant Proactive Defense Framework(HRPDF).We propose a heterogeneous PLC architecture in HRPDF,including multiple heterogeneous,equivalent,and synchronous runtimes,which can thwart multiple types of attacks against PLC without the need of external *** ensure the availability of PLC,we also design an inter-process communication algorithm that minimizes the overhead of *** implement a prototype system of HRPDF and test it in a real-world PLC and an OpenPLC-based device,*** results show that HRPDF can defend against multiple types of attacks with 10.22%additional CPU and 5.56%additional memory overhead,and about 0.6 ms additional time overhead.

关键词： industrial control system programmable logic controller proactive defense heterogeneous redundant architecture

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