The paper presents the use of the TM221CE16R and TM241CEC24R programmable machines and the HMISTU855 machine-machine interface. The Learning Platform allows for the study of programming differences between SoMachine B...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479975143
The paper presents the use of the TM221CE16R and TM241CEC24R programmable machines and the HMISTU855 machine-machine interface. The Learning Platform allows for the study of programming differences between SoMachine Basic and SoMachine V4.3 software. Another aspect is the programming of HMI with Vijeo Designer 6.2 Software. The set of sensors, the programmable automatic and the user interface involve the creation of various applications. The educational platform monitors the status of the input / output variables and provides solutions for the study, simulation and optimization of production processes.
The use of ontologies for models of machines and their capabilities and skills provides advantages for manufacturers that want to quickly adapt to changing customer requirements or fluctuating demands. Unfortunately, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665435543
The use of ontologies for models of machines and their capabilities and skills provides advantages for manufacturers that want to quickly adapt to changing customer requirements or fluctuating demands. Unfortunately, creating such models requires a high level of expertise in semantic technologies. In typical automation engineering workflows, there is neither the personnel nor the time to create such models manually. In this contribution, we describe an approach to automatically create skill models from IEC 61131-3 code. This approach consists of a dedicated PLC programming library and an automatic transformation of PLC code to a skill ontology. After implementing a skill as a PLC program using the presented library, this program can be exported as PLCopen XML which in turn is automatically transformed into an ontology. Additional efforts for PLC developers are thereby kept at a minimum. The presented approach has been evaluated using a modular laboratory plant. For two different modules, skills were implemented on separate PLCs. After transforming these skills to our skill ontology, this ontology was used to register the skills at a skill-based control platform. Using this platform, the skills were used together in order to perform one section of a production process.
Background The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H-LINAC,a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)and two beam transport *** uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components ...
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Background The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H-LINAC,a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)and two beam transport *** uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components or lead to very high residual radiation dose along the beam *** the equipment protection must be deliberately designed and *** The machine protection system(MPS)protects components from being damaged by the *** response time requirement for the CSNS MPS is less than 20 ms,so the PLC(programmable logic controller)was adopted to implement the interlock *** The MPS was implemented as a two-tier architecture system,and developed through utilizing PLC and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS)software *** application logic was taken into careful consideration during the implementation *** embedded CPU module can function as an IOC accessing PLC I/O modules through the sequence CPU,with an embedded Linux operation *** The interlock logic and heartbeat functions were tested with all functions *** consumption has been measured thoroughly since the important requirement,which is around 15 ms to stop the *** MPS was completed in Sep.2017 and then put into *** has been operating smoothly for more than 3 *** has played an important role in every stage of CSNS’s commissioning and operation and achieved high reliability during the user’s experiment *** accelerator recently runs stably with low equipment failure.
Using the traditional method to control the transmission process of the tension tower hydraulic tightening device, there is a problem of slow speed step response in the range of device operating speed from 12km/h to 3...
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Using the traditional method to control the transmission process of the tension tower hydraulic tightening device, there is a problem of slow speed step response in the range of device operating speed from 12km/h to 32km/h. For this reason, this paper designs a programmable logic controller-based transmission control method for the hydraulic tightening device of the tension tower. The two-phase static coordinate system is introduced to obtain the voltage equation, flux equation, electromagnetic torque equation and electromechanical motion equation of the hydraulic drive system, and then the mathematical model of the hydraulic drive system is constructed. The full-order observer is regarded as an adjustable model, the appropriate Lyapunov function is selected, and the function stability of the full-order observer is derived, so as to realize the identification of the speed of the tension tower hydraulic tightening device. Based on this, a transmission control model is constructed based on programmable logic controller to realize the transmission control of the tension tower hydraulic tightening device. Experimental results prove that the speed step response rate of this method is higher than that of the traditional method, and the response performance is improved.
Digital twins of cyber-physical systems with automated process control systems using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are increasingly popular nowadays. At the same time, cyber-physical security is also a growing...
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Digital twins of cyber-physical systems with automated process control systems using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are increasingly popular nowadays. At the same time, cyber-physical security is also a growing concern with system connectivity. This study develops a combined anomaly detection framework (CADF) against various types of security attacks on the digital twin of process control in water treatment facilities. CADF utilizes the PLC-based whitelist system to detect anomalies that target the actuators and the deep learning approach of natural gradient boosting (NGBoost) and probabilistic assessment to detect anomalies that target the sensors. The effectiveness of CADF is verified using a physical facility for water treatment with membrane processes called the Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) system in the Singapore University of Technology and Design. Various attack scenarios are tested in SWaT by falsifying the reported values of sensors and actuators in the digital twin process. These scenarios include both trivial attacks, which are commonly studied, as well as non-trivial (i.e., sophisticated) attacks, which are rarely reported. The results show that CADF performs very well with good detection accuracy in all scenarios, and particularly, it is able to detect all sophisticated attacks while ongoing before they can induce damage to the water treatment facility. CADF can be further extended to other cyber-physical systems in the future.
With the trend of Industry 4.0, the communication established by Ethernet is becoming more and more common in the Industrial Control System (ICS), and it brings not only pros but also cons like vulnerabilities from in...
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With the trend of Industry 4.0, the communication established by Ethernet is becoming more and more common in the Industrial Control System (ICS), and it brings not only pros but also cons like vulnerabilities from information technology. Furthermore, most devices in the ICS are not ready for cyberattacks, and it opens up opportunities for attackers. We generalized a procedure of attacking an Ethernet-enabled ICS and implemented it to the real industrial system we obtained. The procedure gets the information and access of the devices in the ICS, like identifying the manufacturer of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and overwriting the configuration of PLCs. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.
Semantic attacks have incurred increasing threats to Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), which manipulate targeted system modules by identifying the physical semantics of variables in programmable logic controllers (PL...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450398862
Semantic attacks have incurred increasing threats to Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), which manipulate targeted system modules by identifying the physical semantics of variables in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) programs, i.e., the sensing/actuating modules represented by the variables. This is usually (and inefficiently) achieved via manual examination of system documents and long-term observation of system behavior. In this paper, we design ARES, a method that Automatically Reverse Engineers the Semantics of variables in PLC programs without requiring any domain knowledge. ARES is built on the fact that the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system monitors the behavior of PLC using a fixed mapping between the variables of program code and data log, and the data log variables are marked with physical semantics. By identifying the mapping between PLC code and SCADA data (i.e., the code-data mapping), ARES reverse engineers the physical semantics of program variables. ARES also sheds light on the preferred practices in implementing control rules that improve the resistance of PLC programs to semantic attacks. We have experimentally evaluated ARES and the recommended implementation practices on two ICS platforms.
Automotive Industries were aiming at building fully automated machines to obtain increased production without compromising in the quality of the product. Building an automatic machine is one of the most efficient tech...
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Automotive Industries were aiming at building fully automated machines to obtain increased production without compromising in the quality of the product. Building an automatic machine is one of the most efficient technologies to overcome defects resulted due to trimming process of valve stem seals. The existing system includes semi-automatic machine with punching system results in improper trimming. Hence in order to reduce these defects the system aims at building an automatic trimming machine for valve stem seals used in vehicles. The semi-automatic machine was ended with few defects which affect the product quality. The customer satisfaction is an important factor for industry growth. The system focuses on building a simple machine and control panel design with programmable logic controller (PLC) as the controller. PLC will be most suitable controllers for the automotive industries. PLC was programmed using the CX-Programmer software with ladder logic as the programming language. The operation of the results was also displayed using HMI (Human Machine Interface) screen, which will provide information to the operator about machine production and its status. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Applications.
The software running inside the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) may be modified to satisfy the changed specifications. As the PLC mostly operates in a safety-critical environment, it is necessary to perform regr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665458139
The software running inside the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) may be modified to satisfy the changed specifications. As the PLC mostly operates in a safety-critical environment, it is necessary to perform regression testing for the modified program. Existing regression testing techniques for PLC programs prioritize test cases of an existing test suite to detect errors in the modified program earlier. However, it is also critical to validate whether the behavior of the modified PLC program satisfies the changed specifications. In this paper, we propose a novel regression testing framework for PLC programs. Our framework identifies the modified part using the program slicing technique and generates test cases for the program slice including textual change. The test input sequences of each slice are then exercised, and we mine temporal invariants to check whether the runtime behavior satisfies the new specifications. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework with a real-life case. The experimental results show that the proposed framework effectively tests whether the modified PLC program matches the changed specifications.
programmable logic controllers (PLC) are widely used in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) with strict safety assurance requirements. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for debugging prefer to use post-development ap...
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programmable logic controllers (PLC) are widely used in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) with strict safety assurance requirements. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for debugging prefer to use post-development approaches, such as simulation and black box testing, rather than enhancing safety before programing. In this paper, we propose a refinement-based approach to model and verify PLC systems, aiming to assure safety properties by construction. It uses the Event-B formalism and focuses on the levels of requirement analysis, specification refinement, and system development. This approach takes a three-layer framework stepwise to specify the behaviors and properties of PLC programs, thereby reducing the modeling complexity. The basic firmware layer models the general mechanisms of PLC firmware, such as periodical instruction execution and centralized I/O scanning, which are application-independent models with fundamental safety properties at an abstract level. The middle layer establishes configuration models. These models correspond to the PLC settings and interactive environments of a specific system, such as I/O addresses and peripheral devices. The business layer models business logic with more specific system-level safety requirements. With our approach, the safety properties of PLC systems can be verified throughout the modeling and refinement process. In addition, rules are proposed to convert the most concrete Event-B model into PLC code satisfying the IEC 61131-3 standard. We demonstrate this approach with a real-world running example of a pump control system for gas transmission. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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