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Application of PLC based smart microgrid controller for sequential load restoration during station blackout of nuclear power plants

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ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021年 151卷 107899-107899页

作者： Khatua, Subhakanta Mukherjee, V Indian Sch Mines Indian Inst Technol Dhanbad Bihar India

Post Fukushima nuclear disaster, the distributed energy resources (DERs) based integrated microgrid (IMG) is under consideration as an alternative source to strengthen the station blackout power supply in nuclear power plants. The complete IMG blackout during switching over from on-grid to islanded mode is still an outstanding issue. The biggest challenge is power restoration to loads within 3 min of time after making black-start operation of DERs. A conceptual design of programmable logic controller based smart microgrid controller is proposed in this research to meet these challenges. In addition to it, a suitable protection scheme is also suggested to avoid transitional collapse of safety power supply. The concepts of black-start and sequential load restoration process are validated by using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, a widely used power system transient and switching operation analysis tool. This software allows the users to assemble the circuit graphically, run the simulation, analyze the results, and manage the data in a completely integrated graphical environment. Based on the analysis reported in this paper, it is observed that the fluctuations in voltage and frequency are high during black-start operation. Hence, power electronics based soft starter is suggested to overcome these issues. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distributed energy resources (DERs) Integrated microgrid (IMG) Nuclear power plant programmable logic controller PSCAD/EMTDC Station blackout Smart microgrid controller

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Fault Information Processing of Power Dispatching Communication System Combining MMSE Algorithm and LMS

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 184529-184540页

作者： Pan, Lianrong Yang, Xiao Fu, Yuan Hu, Yuyang Yuan, Shangbin Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd Elect Power Dispatching & Control Ctr Nanning 530000 Peoples R China

As the scale of power dispatching communication system expands day by day, it becomes more and more difficult for operators to deal with fault information. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an excellent fault information processing method for power dispatching communication system. Aiming at the defects of the existing power dispatching communication system, such as difficult to locate the fault information, low efficiency and poor accuracy, the research first introduces the minimum mean square error detection algorithm, and improves this algorithm. Then, the study utilizes the programmable logic controller communication system to complete the processing and analysis of the noise signal information. Second, the study also selects orthogonal frequency division multiplexing to improve the least mean square filtering algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of prediction. Finally, the study establishes a novel fault information processing model for the power dispatching communication system by combining the least mean square error detection algorithm and the least mean square filtering algorithm. The outcomes indicated that the relative errors of this model in predicting electrical and mechanical faults and environmental faults were only 0.41% and 0.21%, respectively. In addition, compared with the rest of the commonly used models, the fault localization accuracy of this model reached 99.08%. It not only effectively improved the fault localization accuracy by more than 13.77%, but also reduced the average number of iterations by more than 47.23. It can be concluded that the fault information processing model by combining the two improved algorithms can effectively improve the accuracy of fault localization and provide an efficient and feasible solution for the fault information processing of power dispatching communication system.

关键词： Noise Communication systems Detection algorithms Interference Accuracy Mathematical models Information processing Power grids Mean square error methods Detectors Minimum mean square error least mean square power dispatching communication faults programmable logic controller

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A refinement development approach for enhancing the safety of PLC programs with Event-B

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 2022年 215卷 102763-102763页

作者： Mao, Xia Zhang, Yueling Shi, Jianqi Huang, Yanhong Li, Qin East China Normal Univ Natl Trusted Embedded Software Engn Technol Res C Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Shanghai Key Lab Trustworthy Comp Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Hardware Software Codesign Technol & Applicat Eng Shanghai Peoples R China

programmable logic controllers (PLC) are widely used in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) with strict safety assurance requirements. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for debugging prefer to use post-development approaches, such as simulation and black box testing, rather than enhancing safety before programing. In this paper, we propose a refinement-based approach to model and verify PLC systems, aiming to assure safety properties by construction. It uses the Event-B formalism and focuses on the levels of requirement analysis, specification refinement, and system development. This approach takes a three-layer framework stepwise to specify the behaviors and properties of PLC programs, thereby reducing the modeling complexity. The basic firmware layer models the general mechanisms of PLC firmware, such as periodical instruction execution and centralized I/O scanning, which are application-independent models with fundamental safety properties at an abstract level. The middle layer establishes configuration models. These models correspond to the PLC settings and interactive environments of a specific system, such as I/O addresses and peripheral devices. The business layer models business logic with more specific system-level safety requirements. With our approach, the safety properties of PLC systems can be verified throughout the modeling and refinement process. In addition, rules are proposed to convert the most concrete Event-B model into PLC code satisfying the IEC 61131-3 standard. We demonstrate this approach with a real-world running example of a pump control system for gas transmission. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Event-B Industrial control systems programmable logic controller IEC 61131

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Řídicí systém proudového transformátoru

Řídicí systém proudového transformátoru

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作者： Petráček, Dominik Brno University of Technology

Cílem této bakalářské práce je vytvořit obslužný program a vizualizaci pro řízení proudového transformátoru ve zdroji 400 kVA. První část je věnována z... 详细信息

Cílem této bakalářské práce je vytvořit obslužný program a vizualizaci pro řízení proudového transformátoru ve zdroji 400 kVA. První část je věnována základní problematice transformátorů. Ve druhé části seznamuje s programovatelným logickým automatem Simatic S7 – 1200 od firmy Siemens. Je zde popsán i inženýrský nástroj Totally Integrated Automation. Následující část obsahuje popis tvorby programu a realizaci programu. Dále poukazuje na základní vlastnosti ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) zařízení a jeho složení. Nakonec jsou zde popsány bezpečnostní pokyny pro obsluhu ACB zařízení.

关键词： Programovatelné logické automaty Simatic S7 – 1200 Transformátor HMI programmable logic controller Simatic S7 – 1200 Transformer HMI Text

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DEVELOPMENT OF PLC COURSES FOR PRACTICING CONTROL ENGINEERS IN MACEDONIAN INDUSTRY

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 46-51页

作者： Tatjana Kolemishevska-Gugulovska Mile Stankovski Sonja Andonova Institute of ASE at Faculty of EE St. Cyril and Methodius University MK-1000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Skopje RM

The ASE Institute Skopje, Institute of Automation and Computer Based Systems Engineering at EE Faculty of SS Cyril and Methodius University, has had a close collaboration with the respective company of Siemens in Macedonia. In Skopje, for some time the GTZ Centre aimed at enhancing technology transfer has been established. Within its scope and program of activities, we have created a dedicated centre within ASE Institute and developed special courses on PLC based automation in cooperation with the Siemens in Macedonia. In this paper we present our results and the current state of the matters on our special endeavours to contribute to combined knowledge and technology as well as training skills transfer to practicing control engineers in our country. Also, we put forward some recommendations on this trend in the conclusion.

关键词： Technology transfer programmable logic controller education course development knowledge transfer

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A20: Using a PLC Tecomat TC600 as a fuzzy regulator in the problem of an inverted pendulum system regulation

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第20期37卷 115-120页

作者： Petr Želasko Martin Moštěk Miroslav Pokorný Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB Technical University of Ostrava Department of Measurement and Control 17. listopadu 15 708 33 Ostrava - Poruba CZECH REPUBLIC

This work solves a problem of the inverted pendulum system regulation using a fuzzy regulator. As this regulator has been used the programmable logic controller (PLC) Tecomat TC600, type 607. The PLC is connected to the personal computer (PC) by the use of a voltage converter and an industrial PC card PCI 1751. The PC works as a simulation device of the inverted pendulum system, where the simulation is performed by a program created in the Delphi programming language version 5. The fuzzy model used in the fuzzy regulator is designed directly for the inverted pendulum system. The whole application has been successfully tested and also very good results have been reached.

关键词： Fuzzy control programmable logic controller Regulation Inverted pendulum System model Simulation Tests

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Generating Correct, Compact, and Efficient PLC Code from Scenario-based Assume-Guarantee Specifications

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Procedia Manufacturing 2018年 24卷 153-158页

作者： Daniel Gritzner Joel Greenyer Leibniz Universität Hannover Fachgebiet Software Engineering Welfengarten 1 D-30167 Hannover Germany

Cyber-physical systems can be found in many areas, e.g., manufacturing, health care or smart cities. They consist of many distributed components cooperating to provide increasingly complex functionality. The design and development of such a system is difficult and error-prone. To help engineers overcome these challenges we created a formal, scenario-based specification language. Short scenarios, i.e., event sequences, specify requirements and the desired behaviors by describing how components may, must, or must not behave. Scenarios provide an intuitive way for creating formal assume-guarantee (GR(1)) specifications, giving engineers easy access to simulation, for validating the specified behavior, and controller synthesis, for creating controller software which is correct by construction. In this paper we present an approach for generating programmable logic controller (PLC) code from a scenario-based specification. Previous code generation efforts, including our own, created large, verbose source files causing some tools, e.g., compilers or editors, to perform slowly or even become unresponsive. Our new approach creates compact files, shifting significant amounts of code from executable instructions to data, to reduce the burden on the compiler and other tools. The generated code is efficient and introduces minimal to no latency between the occurrence of an event and the system’s reaction to it.

关键词： code generation assume-guarantee specification scenarios controller synthesis programmable logic controller

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TURNING A TOY INTO A PLC WITH LADDER logic PROGRAMMING

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2006年第6期39卷 76-81页

作者： Alberto Leva di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano Via Ponzio 34/5 - 20133 Milano (Italy) Voice (39) 02 2399 3410- Fax (39) 02 2399 3412

This paper presents a small didactic system for logic control, based on the LEGO ® MINDSTORMS ™ RCX ™ . A PC application allows to convert a ladder logic program into the RCX LASM language, and download it to the RCX. Therefore, the RCX is turned into a small programmable logic controller (PLC), and can be programmed with a language adhering to the IEC 61131-3 standard. A quick overview of the system is given, directing the reader to a web site from which the application can be downloaded (in open source form), and all details are available. A sample experiment is also presented.

关键词： Experimental laboratory programmable logic controller ladder logic logic control automatic control

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Supervisory Control Synthesis for Safety PLCs

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第4期53卷 151-158页

作者： Ferdie F.H. Reijnen Toby R. Erens Joanna M. van de Mortel-Fronczak Jacobus E. Rooda Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands Central Information Services Rijkswaterstaat Delft The Netherlands

The development of supervisory controllers for cyber-physical systems is a laborious and error-prone process. Supervisor synthesis enables control designers to automatically synthesize a correct-by-construction supervisor from a model of the plant in combination with a model of the control requirements. Subsequently, the controller code can be generated from the supervisor model such that it can be implemented on a programmable logic controller (PLC). In industry, supervisors have to adhere to strict safety standards. To achieve these standards, safety PLCs (SPLCs) are used. For SPLC implementation, the supervisor has to be split into a regular part and a safety part. This paper presents a method to automatically splits a supervisor model for this purpose. To validate the method, a case study on a rotating bridge has been performed. The result is compared to a splitting result made by experts. Furthermore, the supervisor has been implemented to control the real bridge.

关键词： Supervisory control theory programmable logic controller Industrial automation

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Advanced Multi-Protocol Energy Supervision & Control System Architecture

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2010年第1期43卷 42-47页

作者： Marcos F. Gomes Jose P.O. Santos Rui A.S. Moreira University of Aveiro Mechanical Engineering Department Campo Universitario de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

This paper presents the development of a supervision and control system architecture to assist the residential user saving resources and detecting failures. Similar to what happened in the automobile industry, the increasing number of sensors and actuator existing on a building requires a robust, flexible and reliable system. The proposed system uses a microcontroller network to acquire data from sensors and control actuators using different protocols (CAN, I 2 C and Modbus). The system information and control is provided through a local and remote user interface application, using a computer connected to the network, a database and dedicated software applications.

关键词： Supervision & Control System Microcontroller CAN Network Modbus programmable logic controller Digital Sensors.

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