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SCADA Research Lab Kit for Educational Institutes

IETE Journal of Education 2019年第1期60卷 35-45页

ABSTRACTABSTRACTIt is important for academic institutions to look into the requirements of the industry and impart training to the students in the desired areas. SCADA is one such area having requirements in various process industries and particularly used in Critical infrastructure such as power, oil & gas, water, transportation,etc. Cybersecurity in the SCADA domain has become one of the more important concerns. The usage of open standard protocols for communication among SCADA devices that are not designed with security in mind is one of those vulnerable areas for any attacker. The SCADA architecture that the industry adopts is drawing more attention from a dedicated cyber attacker/ an enemy nation due to the extent of damage a catastrophe can create. Attacks on SCADA systems are increasing and their impact needs to be studied to implement proper countermeasures. Availability is one of the most important features in the SCADA system. Today the need of the hour is to explore various Smart Grid solutions like SCADA interoperability, SCADA data analytics, SCADA vulnerabilities, SCADA security, SCADA diagnostics, reliability, redundancy, and fault-tolerance,etc. for efficient management of the SCADA system. The academic institutions should equip themselves with the latest and advanced tools & technologies. By imparting training and conducting research in SCADA, the academic institutions would largely contribute to the scientific advancement of these technologies. This paper describes the visualization of a SCADA system in the laboratory environment, few real-time applications, and use cases and the research opportunities in the SCADA environment.

关键词： Communication protocols Intelligent electronic device (IED) Interoperability programmable logic controller Remote terminal unit SCADA SCADA Laboratory SCADA data analytics SCADA security Smart Grid

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TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED SUPERVISORY AND logic CONTROL

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2007年第6期40卷 187-192页

作者： Knut AARkesson Markus Sköldstam Department of Signals and Systems Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden

An architecture for integrated supervisory and logic control is presented together with a modeling formalism, Extended Finite Automata (EFA). It is argued that the architecture and modeling formalism may be used to efficiently represent many control programs formulated with sequential function charts and ladder logic. Since EFA is an extension to finite automata, EFA is also useful for modeling traditional supervisory control problems. With a small example it is argued that the presented architecture together with the EFA formalism can be used to efficiently verify and synthesize control functions that contain both supervisory control and traditional logic control.

关键词： Discrete Event Systems Supervisory Control programmable logic controller Modeling

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PLC based peak load control for chemical industries

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WORLD JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING 2011年第1期8卷 35-43页

作者： Mohan, L. Ashok, S. Natl Inst Technol Calicut Dept Elect Engn Calicut 673601 Kerala India Calicut Kerala Calicut 673601 Kerala India

Chemical processes, employed for manufacturing basic chemicals are highly energy intensive. Due to escalating costs of fossil fuels and capacity addition, the electricity cost has been increasing for the last few decades. Electricity intensive industries find it very difficult to cope up with higher electricity charges particularly with time-of-use (TOU) tariffs implemented by the utilities with the objective of flattening the load curve. Load management programs focusing on reduced electricity use at the time of utility's peak demand, by strategic load shifting, is a viable option for industries to reduce their electricity cost. This paper presents an optimization model and formulation for load management of continuous process industries. The case study of a chemical industry is taken for conducting load management study. The formulation utilizes nonlinear programming technique for minimizing the electricity cost and reducing the peak demand, by rescheduling the loads, satisfying the industry constraints. Development of a generalized graphical user interface (GUI) in Visual Basic for implementing load management actions in industries and testing the GUI with the case study are done. Real time implementation of load management actions using programmable logic controller (PLC) is also investigated.

关键词： Load management Load scheduling Time-of-use tariff Graphical user interface programmable logic controller

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REMARKS ON IMPROVING OF OPERATION SPEED OF THE PLCs

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 44-49页

作者： Mirosław CHMIEL Edward HRYNKIEWICZ Adam MILIK Institute of Electronics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland

The paper presents two different approaches to optimising operation speed of programmable logic controllers. First approach optimizes architecture of the CPU and the program execution. It shows the two processors bit-byte architecture which support of concurrent execution of bit and byte computation tasks. Second approach bases on hardware implemented control algorithm in reconfigurable platform based on FPGA. In second solution high performance is achieved by fully concurrent hardware execution of algorithm. Specific implementation tools enables typical PLC programming for hardware target platform.

关键词： programmable logic controller Central Processing Unit Bit-Byte Structure of CPU Control Program Scan Time Throughput Time Reconfigurable logic controller programmable logic Devices Field programmable Gate Arrays Parallel Processing

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RAPID PROTOTYPING OF SEQUENTIAL controllerS WITH PETRI NETS

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 397-402页

作者： Philipp Orth Alexander Bollig Dirk Abel Institute of Automatic Control RWTH Aachen University D-52056 Aachen Germany

This paper focuses on the possibilities of a Petri net based rapid control prototyping (RCP) tool chain. P/T nets extended by interfaces and connected to an extended state model allow the description of typical programmable logic controller tasks. After a general introduction to RCP, the method is applied to the area of sequential control, and code generation for the chosen model is depicted. The paper closes with an example for a tool chain, demonstrated by system simulation and Software-in-the-Loop for a subsystem of a flexible manufacturing system in an industrial fieldbus environment.

关键词： discrete-event systems Petri nets hybrid modelling simulation prototyping programmable logic controller sequential control

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EVALUATION OF UML IN PROCESS AUTOMATION – RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH -

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2007年第16期40卷 269-274页

作者： David Friedrich Dorothea Pantfoerder Birgit Vogel-Heuser Embedded Systems Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Kassel 34121 Kassel Germany

This paper reports on a series of lab experiments to evaluate the application of modelling notations in automation and control engineering. The focus of this evaluation was on two aspects: 1) analyzing and modelling the problem or application and 2) implementing its solution into a control program in IEC 61131-3. The evaluated notations are the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the Idiomatic Control Language (ICL): UML as nearly standard in computer science and ICL as powerful modelling notation from the distributed control systems world (DCS).

关键词： Cognitive science control engineering human-machine interface knowledge acquisition knowledge representation programmable logic controller process automation process model programming support systems engineering

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PID Module for Reconfigurable logic controller

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2000年第1期33卷 5-9页

作者： Adam Milik Edward Hrynkiewicz Institute of Electronics Silesian Technical University Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland

The paper presents a module of PID controller builds in FPGA structure of Reconfigurable logic controller. It presents algorithms used to built the controller and implementation process. Implementation process shows the ways of minimising the controller structure and increasing it performance in FPGA structures. Finally it discuses achieved result.

关键词： PID module Reconfigurable Devices programmable logic controller

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A Low Cost Control Structure for Flexible Production Lines with Multitask Workcells

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第23期25卷 13-17页

作者： Th. Borangiu A. Hossu Fl. Ionesou Department of Industrial Process Control Faculty of Control and Computers Polytechnical Institute of Bucharest Romania Fachbereich Masohinenbau Hochsohule Konstanz Germany

Flow-type organisation of production lines is often encountered in small and medium sized companies. In order to improve the through put, to ensure a high quality of the products and to reduce the manufacturing time, flexible automation is necessary, which naturally leads to the CIM approach. The paper describes a flow-type production line for can filling, which can be utilized both in the petrochemical and in the food industries. Considering the typical production line as a numerically controlled workcell, a parallel production structure with multitask workstations is proposed, leading thus to an efficient extension of the company’s shop floor. In such a parallel production line (PL) there are a number of identical multitask workcells (KTWC) which include a fixed number of workstations, seτeral Industrial Robots (IR) with interchangeable grippers and tools and diverting devices. The workstations perform all the necessary operations in order to obtain the final products. Thus the productivity of a PL is given by the sum of the productivities of its parallel branches. For such a process structure, the paper proposes a hierarchical control configuration. At the level of local automation, a number of programmable logic controllers (PLC) are used. Product transfer and handling requires the connection of the PLCs with the controller of two IR, in order to ensure the proper material flow between the production branches. Manufacturing in the PL is integrated by a high-level computer, which analyses order entries, performs job scheduling for the branches which execute identical products, diverts products of different type, downloads programs and reference data to the local controllers, receives information concerning the current state of the production and modifies the job flow according to temporary stops or failures in the individual branches.

关键词： Flow-type production line parallel production structure multitask workcell flexible automation programmable logic controller hierarchical control computer integrated manufacturing

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Automated system of tubular filtration for rotifer production

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JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2022年第6期53卷 1145-1154页

作者： Kuo, Cheng-Yuan Chang, Co-Chih Biao, Chun-, I Yang, Cheng-Hua Chen, Tzong-Yueh Shen, Sheng-Chih Natl Cheng Kung Univ Coll Biosci & Biotechnol Lab Mol Genet Dept Biotechnol & Bioind Sci Tainan Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Translat Ctr Marine Biotechnol Tainan Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Syst & Naval Mech Engn 1Daxue Rd Tainan 70101 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Agr Biotechnol Res Ctr Tainan Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Univ Ctr Biosci & Biotechnol Tainan Taiwan

This study developed an automated filtration system for a selected rotifer, Brachionus ibericus. This system is controlled by a programmable logic controller, and it enables the high-density cultivation of marine rotifers and the selection of rotifers for palatability. We tested seven mesh sizes (300, 200, 100, 50, 20, 5, and 1 mu m) for commercial 10-inch (25.4-cm) stainless steel tubular filters in the proposed system, after which we selected the optimal mesh size for filtering impurities, separating rotifers, eliminating wastewater, and minimizing the rotifer loss rate. The results indicated that a combination of the 5- and 200-mu m meshes produced optimal filtration efficiency. After every 120 s of filtration followed by a 30-s flushing process, a rotifer density of 3170 +/- 101 individuals/ml, a mesh blocking loss rate of 4.95 +/- 3.62%, and impurity-free rotifer volume of 45.18 +/- 1.2 L were obtained. Our study verified that tubular filters can be used in commercial aquaculture.

关键词： automated system programmable logic controller rotifer

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An automated rotisserie system for processing Western blots

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BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY 2002年第5-6期77卷 283-290页

作者： Ma, PWK Mississippi State Univ Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol Mississippi State MS 39762 USA

An apparatus to automate completely the processing of Western blots is described. The prototype is based on a popular rotisserie system design. The incubation chamber consists of an inner cylinder that rotates inside an outer cylinder (incubation chamber). The blot is contained in the inner cylinder. Two magnets are mounted at one end of the inner cylinder, and rotation of the inner cylinder is effected by two magnets mounted on a motor drive outside the incubation chamber. Movement of chemicals into and out of the incubation chamber is driven pneumatically, and the entire process is controlled by a computer. Processing a blot for chemiluminescent detection takes 7 h to complete without human intervention. The quality of the resulting image is comparable to or better than a blot using manual processing. In addition, the prototype is capable of re-collecting all three antisera. for future use.

关键词： automation programmable logic controller rotisserie Western blots

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