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A Computed River Flow-Based Turbine controller on a programmable logic controller for Run-Off River Hydroelectric Systems

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ENERGIES 2017年第11期10卷 1717页

作者： Jidin, Razali Othman, Abdul Bahari Univ Tenaga Nas Coll Engn Jalan Ikram Uniten Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia TNBR Generat Res Dept Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia

The main feature of a run-off river hydroelectric system is a small size intake pond that overspills when river flow is more than turbines' intake. As river flow fluctuates, a large proportion of the potential energy is wasted due to the spillages which can occur when turbines are operated manually. Manual operation is often adopted due to unreliability of water level-based controllers at many remote and unmanned run-off river hydropower plants. In order to overcome these issues, this paper proposes a novel method by developing a controller that derives turbine output set points from computed mass flow rate of rivers that feed the hydroelectric system. The computed flow is derived by summation of pond volume difference with numerical integration of both turbine discharge flows and spillages. This approach of estimating river flow allows the use of existing sensors rather than requiring the installation of new ones. All computations, including the numerical integration, have been realized as ladder logics on a programmable logic controller. The implemented controller manages the dynamic changes in the flow rate of the river better than the old point-level based controller, with the aid of a newly installed water level sensor. The computed mass flow rate of the river also allows the controller to straightforwardly determine the number of turbines to be in service with considerations of turbine efficiencies and auxiliary power conservation.

关键词： hydropower hydroelectric run-off river hydroelectric renewable energy river flow computed river flow turbine controller programmable logic controller ladder logic

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An Alternative Method for Communicating with a programmable logic controller

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第8期25卷 111-116页

作者： S.A. Manesis A. Seintos Division of Systems & Control Department of Electrical Engineering University of Patras GR 26001 Patras Greece

Communications is the Keyword in the modern industrial automation environment and effecttive interfaces are required around a programmable logic controller (PLC). In this paper a low-cost solution for communicating with a PLC is proposed. A simple printed circuit board, a small part of controller's memory and some digital outputs are the only requirements in order to achieve a low-level communication with a PLC. The method has been implemented and tested in a real environment of PLCs

关键词： programmable logic controller industrial automation communication communication processors

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RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC MACHINING OF CYLINDER BASED ON IMPROVED programmable logic controller

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL 2024年第3期20卷 857-873页

作者： Cui, Biao Hebei Chem & Pharmaceut Coll Dept Elect Engn 88 Fangxing Rd Shijiazhuang 050026 Peoples R China

With the rapid development of traditional mechanical technology, the level of automation in the production and processing of products is also increasing to meet the higher requirements for product quality and performance. In order to solve the problems of low machining efficiency and high product failure rate in the existing automated machining system, this study designs an automated cylinder body machining system that combines a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an industrial computer. The study firstly optimized the machining trajectory of the machine tool in the automatic machining system, and designed a method of controlling the machining trajectory of the CNC machine tool based on PLC and computer technology, and on the basis of which the automatic machining process of the engine cylinder body was designed. The experimental results show that the machining error of the CNC machine tool under PLC control can be controlled within 0.03, and the trajectory control accuracy is between 0.81 and 0.95. In addition, it is found that the longest time taken by the machining system under PLC control is only 1.1 min, which is much lower than other control systems. In conclusion, the automatic production and machining system with PLC control can reach stability faster and the control time is shorter. The automatic machining system designed in this research can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the traditional machining system and provide a new control method for the optimization of automatic machining system.

关键词： programmable logic controller Cylinder Industrial computer Automation Production and processing

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The Security Assessment on programmable logic controller based on Attack Tree Model and FAHP

The Security Assessment on Programmable Logic Controller bas...

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IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems

作者： Tao Feng Yanxia Shi Renbin Gong Qianchuan Zhao College of Computer and Communication Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou of Gansu Province Exploration and Development Research Institute China Petroleum Automation department Tsinghua University

ISBN: (纸本)9781728137216

The information security problem of the industrial control system (ICS) has become prominent increasingly with the advancement of industry 4.0. The programmable logic controller (PLC) is the basic control device in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) of ICS. The stable operation of ICS is limited by the safety of PLC. In this paper, the PLC attack tree model, which targets the PLC equipment security, is built to analyze and evaluate the safety of PLC systematically. First, the attack path of the PLC has been analyzed. The attack nodes have been defined by employing the attack tree model. Second, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process has been introduced to calculate the security attribute weight and quantify the attack probability of the leaf nodes. The Shapiro-Wilk test has been employed to ensure the normality of data. Finally, the attack probability of different attack paths has been calculated as the PLC attack tree model. The PLC attack tree model which proposed in this paper is employed to distinguish the probability of different attack paths. The proposed attack tree model provides a basis for decision-makers to take appropriate protective measures.

关键词： Attack tree Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process Industrial control system programmable logic controller Shapiro-Wilk test programmable logic controllers Industrial control systems Analytic hierarchy process Supervisory control and data acquisition Integrated circuits logic controller Safety assessment

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A malware detection method using satisfiability modulo theory model checking for the programmable logic controller system

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2022年第16期34卷 e5724-e5724页

作者： Xie, Yaobin Chang, Rui Jiang, Liehui State Key Lab Math Engn & Adv Comp Zhengzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou Peoples R China

Nowadays programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are suffering increasing cyberattacks. Attackers could reprogram PLCs to inject malware that would cause physical damages and economic losses. These PLC malwares are highly customized for the target which makes it difficult to extract a general pattern to detect them. In this article, we propose a PLC malware detection method based on model checking. Firstly, we improve the existing modeling method for PLC system by using the Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) constraints to model the PLC system. We also present an algorithm that can transform the PLC program to the model. Our SMT-based model can deal with the features of the PLC system such as undetermined input signals, edge detection and so on. Secondly, we focus on malware detection and propose two methods, invariant extraction and rule design pattern, to generate detection rules. The former can extract the invariants from an original program, and the latter can lower the bar for user to design detection rules. Finally, we implement a prototype and evaluate it on three representative ICS scenarios. The evaluation result shows that our proposed method can successfully detect the malwares using four attack patterns.

关键词： malware detection model checking programmable logic controller satisfiability modulo theories

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Discussion on Teaching of programmable logic controller for Outstanding Engineers Education

Discussion on Teaching of Programmable Logic Controller for ...

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2015 2nd International Conference on Creative Education(ICCE 2015)

作者： Bo Li Yue Li School of Automation Engineering Northeast Dianli University

The education and training for outstanding engineers is a comprehensive strategy. It relates to many aspects, such as curriculum development and teaching material selection, the investment of teaching equipments and experimental facilities, theory and practice teaching, performance evaluation mechanism, on campus study and off campus exercise, learning before graduation and application after graduation, and so on. It needs collaborative optimization and improvement together of these aspects. programmable logic controller(PLC) has become a required course in engineering colleges, because of its wide application prospect. In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence the teaching and training of outstanding engineers taking the course of PLC as an example, and we illustrate the technique and methods that mastering PLC programming taking a large number of sequence control in power plant as examples.

关键词： Outstanding engineers programmable logic controller Applied talents

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A Practical Technology-Enhanced Approach for programmable logic controller (PLC) Training Course 19

A Practical Technology-Enhanced Approach for Programmable Lo...

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Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers

作者： Sasithorn Chookeaw Suppachai Howimanporn Warin Sootkaneung Department of Teacher Training in Mechanical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Department of Computer Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450372541

In the twenty-first century, continuing education in engineering is a must, not only in teaching engineers what engineering is, but also how to understand and integrate knowledge and technology into the real world. Recently, there is more significant need to continue education and acquire essential competencies to adapt to the ever-changing world. This paper describes a PLC training course which employs an experimental kit that allows engineers to understand difficult concepts and equations, and how to apply these to real life situations. In addition, this article presents an assignment on how to overcome obstacles. This resulted in an experimental kit and using technology for learning activities, being added to the training course. The article also presents the results of participants' cognitive knowledge and performance on course objectives as a result of the models developed for use in the classroom. Participants had positive attitudes regarding their satisfaction towards the training course. Overall, significant improvements in learning outcomes, due to the addition of a training course using an experimental kit and technology for learning activities, were clearly observed.

关键词： programmable logic controller Continuing Engineering Education Engineering education

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Auto-tuning of PID Parameters with programmable logic controller

Auto-tuning of PID Parameters with Programmable Logic Contro...

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IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

作者： Dilsad Engin Mustafa Engin Department of Control and Automation Technology Ege University Ege Higher Vocational School Bornova Izmir 35100 Turkey Department of Electronic Technology Ege University Ege Higher Vocational School Bornova Izmir 35100 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355599

In this study, PID control algorithm for a level control system is designed and applied to a programmable logic controller in order to meet the requirements of engineering students' hands on training on PID control of processes. The auto-tuning mode of operation based on PID analog measurements in a closed-loop control system is preferred to present how stable, less time consuming solution it is. Trial and error method is also used for determining PID parameters in order to compare the results with the auto-tuning method.

关键词： PID control auto-tuning programmable logic controller level transmitter level control

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A Case Study on Cyber-security Program for the programmable logic controller of Modern NPPs

A Case Study on Cyber-security Program for the Programmable ...

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International Symposium on Future I&C for Nuclear Power Plants（ISOFIC2014）

作者： S.H.SONG M.S.LEE T.H.KIM C.H.PARK S.P.PARK H.S.KIM PONUTech Co.4F Korea Techno Complex Bld. Korea University Anam-dong Seongbuk-gu and Sejong University Formal Works Inc. LINE Corp. AhnLab Inc. Sejong University

As instrumentation and control（I&C） systems for modern Nuclear Power Plants（NPPs） have been digitalized to cope with their growing complexity,the cyber-security has become an important *** protect the I&C systems adequately from cyber threats,such as Stuxnet that attacked Iran's nuclear facilities,regulations of many countries require a cyber-security program covering all the lifecycle phases of the system development,from the concept to the *** paper presents a case study of cyber-security program that has been performed during the development of the programmable logic controller（PLC） for modern NPPs of *** the case study,a cyber-security plan,including technical,management,and operational controls,was established through a security risk ***-security activities,such as development of security functions and periodic inspections,were conducted according to the plan:the security functions were applied to the PLC as the technical controls,and periodic inspections and audits were held to check the security of the development environment,as the management and operational *** penetration test was conducted to inspect all the security problems that had been issued during the *** case study has shown that the systematic cyber-security program detected and removed the vulnerabilities of the target system,which could not be found otherwise,enhancing the cyber-security of the system.

关键词： cyber-security security control programmable logic controller penetration test

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Development of an Automatic Control System for Pot-Grown Rice Inspection Based on programmable logic controller

Development of an Automatic Control System for Pot-Grown Ric...

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Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture V——5th IFIP TC 5/SIG 5.1 Conference(CCTA 2011) Part Ⅲ

作者： Wanneng Yang Chenglong Huang Qian Liu Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9783642272745

Rice improvement breeding is one of the most important research fields in *** the development of modern rice breeding technology,hundreds to thousands of new varieties are produced daily,creating the impetus for rapid plant phenotyping ***,traditional measurement is inefficiency,contact-interferential,and *** a high-throughput and automatic extraction system for rice plant is *** this article we developed a rice phenotyping automatic extraction system and designed the automatic control for the system based on programmable logic controller(PLC).Subsequently,the prototype was test under industrial conditions continuous 24 h workdays and the error probability was less than 0.01%.In sum,base on PLC,we provide an efficient and stable automatic control system for pot-grown rice phenotyping inspection.

关键词： Rice breeding phenotyping inspection automatic control system programmable logic controller phenomics

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