Pathological laughing and crying (PLC) is a condition characterized by frequent, sudden outbursts of uncontrollable crying and/or laughing that are disproportionate or incongruent to underlying feelings or external tr...
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Pathological laughing and crying (PLC) is a condition characterized by frequent, sudden outbursts of uncontrollable crying and/or laughing that are disproportionate or incongruent to underlying feelings or external triggers (Wortzel et al. 2008). Alternative terms often used to describe this syndrome are pseudo-bulbar affect, emotional incontinence, emotional or affective lability, organic or pathological emotionalism and involuntary emotional expression disorder. The condition is associated with various neurological disorders, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, dementia and amyo-trophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLC can be socially and occupationally disabling and is a source of distress for affected patients and their families.
Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is an uncommon inflammatory skin disease. Traditionally, two clinical forms can be distinguished: pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (...
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Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is an uncommon inflammatory skin disease. Traditionally, two clinical forms can be distinguished: pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC). PLEVA is characterized by a generalized eruption of acute onset, consisting of papular lesions that develop central necrosis and scar. In contrast, PLC is typified by small scaly red papules that do not evolve into necrotic lesions and may persist for months or years. PLEVA and PLC represent two variants of the clinical and histological spectrum of PL, but intermediate forms can occur, especially in children.
Microrobots were proposed more than 20 years ago but it has proven challenging to integrate a power system and actuators into some few mm(3). There have been some attempts to create an autonomous mobile microrobot but...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424427888
Microrobots were proposed more than 20 years ago but it has proven challenging to integrate a power system and actuators into some few mm(3). There have been some attempts to create an autonomous mobile microrobot but any has been successful. Moreover, the proposed microrobots were simply mobile platforms incapable of sensing its environment and taking decisions. I-SWARM has been designed to be a real autonomous microrobot. It is powered by solar cells and provided with a locomotion unit for moving, an IR module for communicating and a contact tip for detecting near objects. Those modules are managed by an ASIC designed specifically for I-SWARM. All the electronics (power electronics, buffers, ADCs, DACs, control unit, analog transducers and an oscillator) have been embedded in the ASIC due to the limited area, 3 x 3 mm(2). The ASIC is a complete System On Chip (SoC) that has several features not reported before in any circuit for microrobots: communicate and act cooperatively with other I-SWARM microrobots, detect near objects, measure distance to an object, light trailing and reprogramability. This paper gives some guidelines to design integrated circuits for microrobots.
The paper presents a technique for analyzing the dependability of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) I/O modules. The technique is based on the mode in which the I/O modules fulfill their tasks and not on their str...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424450541
The paper presents a technique for analyzing the dependability of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) I/O modules. The technique is based on the mode in which the I/O modules fulfill their tasks and not on their structure. Such an approach allows a unified analysis of I/O modules, regardless of their type, for almost the entire analysis work. The particularization of the I/O module type becomes necessary only at the final stage of the analysis. There are realized qualitative & quantitative analysis of I/O modules dependability. For this, and because reliability is not an eloquent parameter in any situation, there are defined probabilistical parameters both for one I/O point and for I/O points systems and are made comparisons between some I/O points configurations. Finally there are pointed out several architectures considered optimal and the processes for which they may be suitable.
programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are applied in a wide field of application and, especially, for safety-critical controls. Thus, there is the demand for high reliability of PLCs. Moreover, the increasing complexi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424427284
programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are applied in a wide field of application and, especially, for safety-critical controls. Thus, there is the demand for high reliability of PLCs. Moreover, the increasing complexity of the PLC programs and the short time-to-market are hard to cope with. Formal verification techniques such as model checking allow for proving whether a PLC program meets its specification. However, the manual formalization of PLC programs is error-prone and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to apply model checking to machine controls. The PLC program is modeled in form of Unified Modeling Language (UML) state-charts that serve as the input to our tool that automatically generates a corresponding formal model for the model checker NuSMV. We evaluate the capabilities of the proposed approach on an industrial machine control.
In the paper a recurrent auto-associative artificial neural network structure is used to obtain a dynamic model of Biomass steam boiler system. Upon offline real process data a model was derived and results were compa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783902661418
In the paper a recurrent auto-associative artificial neural network structure is used to obtain a dynamic model of Biomass steam boiler system. Upon offline real process data a model was derived and results were compared to model derived by classic identification method. A good dynamic model was needed for design, testing and tuning of the Fuzzy controller, which resulted in optimization of steam production. By using recurrent auto-associative neural network instead of locally adequate state space model, more general model with a better fit to the wide range of process data was achieved. Implementation of such complex neural network was tested on typical industrial PLC and compared to Matlab simulation results.
Advent of "System on Chip" technology has redefined the consumer electronics industry. The main advantage of such SoC based systems is cost and space effectiveness. Such systems are available for very cheap ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424446117
Advent of "System on Chip" technology has redefined the consumer electronics industry. The main advantage of such SoC based systems is cost and space effectiveness. Such systems are available for very cheap cost, which can be further used for some practical purposes with little effort, hence very practical solution for the applications such as protective relays. In this paper a "Universal" Motor Protection relay is proposed utilizing Soc based design approach. Furthermore, a digital low-pass FIR filter has also been implemented on the same chip, which overcomes the requirement of external filtering. The Xilinx-Spartan FPGA is used to implement the relay which takes three phase currents as input and provides a number of protections for the motor like over-current under-frequency, over-frequency, thermal protection and negative phase sequence, etc. It has been shown that not only the hardware requirement is optimized but also the response time is improved with respect to the existing prototypes.
Given the pressures generated by the global economy, the manufacturing sector is faced with the problem of continually improving production rates and quality while cutting costs. The pressures are especially keen in t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781890843199
Given the pressures generated by the global economy, the manufacturing sector is faced with the problem of continually improving production rates and quality while cutting costs. The pressures are especially keen in the smaller manufacturing plants where resources are scant, margins are small, and skilled labor is in short supply. The introduction of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in recent years has proven to be an important innovation to the production process, resulting in improved production and quality. However, any manufacturing process is subject to a large number of factors that are not necessarily sensitive to or controlled by a PLC. The application of relatively simple algorithms reflecting the complexity of a given production process is not likely. This project focused on a small manufacturer of plastic bags to identify the critical and non-critical factors of production and develop a strategy for the firm to manage those critical factors in order to improve production rates and quality while decreasing waste. This required the mapping of the production process, the identification of those elements that have the greatest impact on production rate and quality, and the development of a technology management system to monitor and control these sensitive elements. A systems dynamics model describing the production system abstract relationships was also developed as a tool for determining cost, quality, and schedule impacts and an enterprise perspective of the ROIC of the production system. The results of the project demonstrated a strategy that could achieve all three objectives for the company, namely increased productivity, quality, and reduced waste, all of which drive bottom line financial improvements, a key performance outcome in any lean enterprise.
Automation applications consists of software projects that are developed using specific standard programming languages, such as the IEC 61131-3 standard that provides 5 programming languages, two textual and three gra...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424437597
Automation applications consists of software projects that are developed using specific standard programming languages, such as the IEC 61131-3 standard that provides 5 programming languages, two textual and three graphical. They are also executed on specific hardware platforms, mainly programmable logic controllers. Thus, they can be viewed as special type of software projects. As such, their design must follow the different phases of the life cycle process: development, exploitation and maintenance. This is even more important and necessary in the case of current complex automation applications. There are different international standards that define the information that must document all the phases of the life cycle. This paper deals with the automatic generation of the documentation of some of the phases or at least, the automatic generation of templates to be filled by the designers. The proposal is based on the Model based Engineering paradigm, in which the application is defined by domain specific models that are being transformed along the development phases until the application code is obtained.
Many control systems involving safety critical operations are presently implemented on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Therefore, there is a strong need to validate that the considered PLC is compliant with the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424450541
Many control systems involving safety critical operations are presently implemented on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Therefore, there is a strong need to validate that the considered PLC is compliant with the safety requirements. The paper presents a testing procedure that enables the validation of PLC programs, which greatly reduces the testing effort and provides a close link between overall system safety requirements and the PLC program.
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