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Benchmark construction with application to PID controller design and implementation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2008年第1期45卷 51-71页

作者： Basilio, J. C. Manhaes, R. R. Rolim, L. G. B. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Dept Eletrotecn Escola Politecn Rio De Janeiro Brazil

This paper addresses the issues of modelling, simulation, design, and controller implementation in an Industrial Control course. The motivation for it comes from the fact that, differently from the plants used in first courses on control systems, which usually have fast step response, plants suitable for Industrial Control courses have slow step response. The consequence of this fact is that the experiments necessary to carry out the model parameter identification take a long time to be performed. This problem can be circumvented by using a benchmark plant to resemble the behaviour of the physical system. In this paper a benchmark is constructed from a real system, having as model, a first order system with time delay, where the time delay and the time constant are both varying. Controller implementation is carried out using the PID function of a programmable logic controller (PLC).

关键词： benchmarks control education laboratory education PID controllers programmable logic controllers

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Modeling extended Petri nets compatible with GHENeSys IEC61131 for industrial automation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2008年第11-12期36卷 1180-1190页

作者： Silva, Jose Reinaldo Benitez, Israel Villafruela, Luisa Gomis, Oriol Sudria, Antoni Tech Univ Catalonia Fac Elect Engn Barcelona Spain Univ Sao Paulo Dept Mechatron Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Oriente Fac Elect Engn Santiago De Cuba Cuba UPC Tech Univ Catalonia CITCEA Barcelona Spain

Petri net (PN) modeling is one of the most used formal methods in the automation applications field, together with programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Therefore, the creation of a modeling methodology for PNs compatible with the IEC61131 standard is a necessity of automation specialists. Different works dealing with this subject have been carried out;they are presented in the first part of this paper [Frey (2000a, 2000b);Peng and Zhou (IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern, Part C Appl Rev 34(4):523-531, 2004);Uzam and Jones (Int J Adv Manuf Technol 14(10):716-728, 1998)], but they do not present a completely compatible methodology with this standard. At the same time, they do not maintain the simplicity required for such applications, nor the use of all-graphical and all-mathematical ordinary Petri net (OPN) tools to facilitate model verification and validation. The proposal presented here completes these requirements. Educational applications at the USP and UEA (Brazil) and the UO (Cuba), as well as industrial applications in Brazil and Cuba, have already been carried out with good results.

关键词： petri nets modeling design systems programmable logic controllers verification validation sequential control

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A PID ratio control for removal of HCI/SO_x in flue gas from refuse municipal incinerators

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2008年第3期16卷 286-293页

作者： Ting, Ching-Hua Chen, Ho-Hsien Yen, Chuan-Chia Natl Chiayi Univ Dept Biomechatron Engn Chiayi 600 Taiwan Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol Dept Food Sci Neipu 912 Pingtung Taiwan Far E Machinery Co Ltd Dept Environm Engn Chiayi Taiwan

This paper presents a PID-based ratio control scheme for flue gas cleaning systems (FGCSs) to remove acid emissions (SOx and HCI) from municipal refuse incinerators. The FGCS uses a semi-dry scrubber that injects diluted hydrated lime (Ca(OH)(2)) droplets to scrub high temperature, polluted flue gas from incinerators. The development of the control scheme was initiated by treating the scrubbing process as a grey system perceived as conceptual chemical dynamics. The scheme was implemented on a redundant programmable logic controller (PLC) and the control parameters were tuned based on responses from commissioning operations. The scheme, never re-tuned, has accomplished promising performance and consumable savings since its commission in the year 2000. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： PID control ratio control programmable logic controllers air pollution refuse incinerator

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PLC WITH PIC16F648A MICROCONTROLLER (PART 1)

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ELECTRONICS WORLD 2008年第1871期114卷 21-25页

作者： Uzam, Murat Nigde Univ Nigde Turkey

Some of the critical consideration for the hardware design of UZAM-PLC with PIC16F648A based on PLCs, are described. programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used to make different devices of different function and program memory with different number of inputs/outputs. The hardware of UZAM_PLC with PIC16F648A has a main board and I/O extension board. The main board is made of power, programming, a central processing unit (CPU), input, and outputs. A PIC programmer hardware and software with ICSP (in circuit serial programming) is used for creating programming of PIC16F648A. The input voltage for power section is 12V AC and output voltage is 12V DC and 5V DC that can be used for operating ICs and inputs. The PIC 16F648A is used to provide 4096 words of flash program memory, 256 bytes of RAM data memory, and 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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General and versatile autoinhibition of PLC Isozymes

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MOLECULAR CELL 2008年第3期31卷 383-394页

作者： Hicks, Stephanie N. Jezyk, Mark R. Gershburg, Svetlana Seifert, Jason P. Harden, T. Kendall Sondek, John Univ N Carolina Sch Med Dept Pharmacol Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina Sch Med Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Univ N Carolina Sch Med Dept Biochem & Biophys Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes are directly activated by heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-like GTPases to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Although PLCs play central roles in myriad signaling cascades, the molecular details of their activation remain poorly understood. As described here, the crystal structure of PLC-beta 2 illustrates occlusion of the active site by a loop separating the two halves of the catalytic TIM barrel. Removal of this insertion constitutively activates PLC-beta 2 without ablating its capacity to be further stimulated by classical G protein modulators. Similar regulation occurs in other PLC members, and a general mechanism of interfacial activation at membranes is presented that provides a unifying framework for PLC activation by diverse stimuli.

关键词： Phospholipase C delta Protein Structure Secondary Sequence Deletion Type C Phospholipases 蛋白质结构二级序列缺失 Protein Structure phospholipase C Isoenzymes Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins autoinhibition ABLATION Sequence Deletion Phospholipase C delta programmable logic controllers Guanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases

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The potential role of postsynaptic phospholipase C activity in synaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2008年第1期100卷 108-116页

作者： Fulton, Daniel Condro, Michael C. Pearce, Kaycey Glanzman, David L. Univ Calif Los Angeles Gonda Goldschmied Neurosci & Genet Res Ctr Dept Physiol Sci Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Interdept PhD Program Mol Cellular & Integrat Phy Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Dept Neurobiol Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Brain Res Inst Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

Previous findings indicate that synaptic facilitation, a cellular mechanism underlying sensitization of the siphon withdrawal response (SWR) in Aplysia, depends on a cascade of postsynaptic events, including activation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors and release of Ca2+ from postsynaptic intracellular stores. These findings suggest that phospholipase C (PLC), the enzyme that catalyzes IP3 formation, may play an important role in postsynaptic signaling during facilitation and learning in Aplysia. Using the PLC inhibitor U73122, we found that PLC activity is required for synaptic facilitation following a 10-min treatment with 5-HT, as measured at 20 min after 5-HT washout. Prior work has indicated that facilitation at this time is supported primarily by postsynaptic processes. To determine whether postsynaptic PLC activity is involved in 5-HT-mediated facilitatory actions, we examined the effect of U73122 on enhancement of the response of motor neurons isolated in cell culture to glutamate, the sensory neuron transmitter. A 10-min application of 5-HT induced persistent (>40 min) enhancement of glutamate-evoked potentials (Glu-EPs) recorded from isolated motor neurons, and this enhancement was blocked by U73122. Finally, we showed that injecting U73122 into intact animals before behavioral training impaired intermediate-term sensitization, indicating that PLC activity contributes to this form of nonassociative learning.

关键词： Phospholipase C Minute of time Serotonin Aplysia 磷脂酶C 血清素海螺 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione behavioral habituation phospholipase C Serotonin Facilitation Motor Neurons, Alpha Aplysia programmable logic controllers

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Role of intracellular kinases in the regulation of equine eosinophil migration and actin polymerization

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JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2008年第1期31卷 31-38页

作者： Weston, M. C. Collins, M. E. Cunningham, F. M. Piramed Ltd Slough SL1 4NL Berks England Univ London Royal Vet Coll Dept Vet Basic Sci & Pathol & Infect Dis London Herts England

Inappropriately activated eosinophils can contribute to disease pathogenesis and intracellular signalling pathways that regulate functional responses may represent a therapeutic target. Little is known about intracellular signalling in equine eosinophils and this study examined the role of phospholipase C (PLC) and a range of protein kinases on responses to histamine and CCL11. Histamine (10(-4) M) or CCL11 (5.6 x 10(-9) M)-induced actin polymerization, migration and superoxide production by eosinophils from healthy horses were compared in the presence and absence of selective kinase inhibitors. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) significantly reduced the response in each assay. In contrast, whilst inhibition of PLC decreased actin polymerization and superoxide production, an increase in migration was observed;the latter effect was also seen when protein kinase C (PKC) was inhibited. With the exception of histamine-induced migration, which was significantly reduced by blocking extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and tyrosine kinase did not appear to play an important role in the responses studied. These results suggest that equine eosinophil activation by histamine and CCL11 is mediated through PI3K. Whilst PLC activation is required for actin polymerization and superoxide production, migration may be negatively regulated by PLC and PKC. These kinases represent potential targets for modulating eosinophil activation by multiple stimuli.

关键词： programmable logic controllers Histamine Superoxides Equus Immigration actin polymerization Intracellular signalling Equidae Kinase Eosinophils Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

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Motion control. with local drive intelligence the neck of the bottle is not a production bottleneck

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Konstruktion 2008年第SUPPL. 2期 48-50页

作者： Kafader, Urs Maxon Motor ae Maxon Motor ag Brünigstr. 220 CH-6072 Sachseln

The machine that manufactures shrink capsules for wine bottles is a typical example of a decentralized intelligent small output (60 w) compact drive. The programmable logic controller integrated in the drive takes over the coordination of the inputs and outputs on the spot (program choice, start and stop signals, photoelectric guards, condition and control of a cutter, error reports), lightening the work of the central programmable logic controller of the machine. The maxon motor company programmable compact drive is designed to be compatible with the current industry standards in drive technology and for hard industrial use. The discussion covers introduction;foil cutting facility;maxon motor company programmable drive unit MCD EPOS P with 60 w output;advantages of use of the maxon compact drive MCD EPOS P 60 W in the industrial environment;and summary.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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Justification of PLC-use for simpler applications

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Tehnicki Vjesnik 2008年第4期15卷 49-53页

作者： Srpak, Dunja Varazdinska 33 Kucan Marof 42000 Varazdin Croatia

programmable logic controller application (hereinafter PLC, from the English. programmable logic controller) in the automation of today is already substantially spread out, one might say "nothing new". However, when it is said that the management of some machine, device or plant is created by PLC, most people automatically expect complicated and certainly expensive set of Control. The truth is that serious, complex and demanding applications today means the use of the PLC, even more of them, networked in the system. The aim of this text is to show that there are applications not so complicated when automation with the help of PLC can be justified.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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APPLICATION OF THE SUPERVISORY CONTROL THEORY IN THE PROJECT OF A ROBOT-CENTERED, VARIABLE ROUTED SYSTEM CONTROLLER

APPLICATION OF THE SUPERVISORY CONTROL THEORY IN THE PROJECT...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation

作者： Silva, Daniel B. Santos, Eduardo A. P. Vieira, Agnelo D. de Paula, Marco A. B. Fed Technol Univ Parana Dept Electrotech BR-80230901 Curitiba Parana Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana Lab Automat & Syst BR-80215901 Curitiba Parana Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424415052

This paper aims to present the development of the controller of a manufacturing system based on the application of the Supervisory Control Theory, in particular an extension of such theory named Local Modular Control approach. The foundations of this work are a Supervisory Control Architecture and a programmable logic Controller (PLC) method of implementation of such architecture, both of these found in the literature. The manufacturing system is constituted by an industrial robot that plays the role of a transport system and three workstations. We show that applying formal methods of controller synthesis, as well as applying the referred PLC method of implementation makes easier to express the control specifications, to check out the system's controlled behavior, and specially, to make the necessary modifications when the system has to be reconfigured.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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