It has already been a couple of decades since FeRAM emerged as a nonvolatile memory with a business reality. The present status is however far away from the blue prints that we figured out in the past. The worldwide m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413331
It has already been a couple of decades since FeRAM emerged as a nonvolatile memory with a business reality. The present status is however far away from the blue prints that we figured out in the past. The worldwide market size is still below billion dollars and there are only a few manufacturers actually playing in this field. But very recently, there are some encouraging signs of growth in specific applications such as electronic commerce cards and chips. FeRAM is now being accepted in such applications because of the unique competences that none of other memories have. Although the memory size is still much smaller, FeRAM works at extremely low power and high speed with a high security level. In addition, there is a potential need for a fast and low-power nonvolatile memory that can be integrated in the leading-edge system-on-a-chip (SoC) with the fewest additional mask layers. Here I would like to reconsider what is the difference between FeRAM and the others and how we can maximize the potential performances of FeRAM under the current technology available. In doing this, I believe that we can take a further step to increase business opportunities by changing the paradigm of FeRAM engineering strategy. From such considerations, I like to deduce the keys responsible for FeRAM transition from a niche to mainstream product.
OLE Process Control (OPC) is an industry standard that facilitates the communication between PCs and programmable logic controllers (PLC). This communication allows for the testing of control systems with an emulation...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413058
OLE Process Control (OPC) is an industry standard that facilitates the communication between PCs and programmable logic controllers (PLC). This communication allows for the testing of control systems with an emulation model. When models require faster and higher volume communications, limitations within OPC prevent this. In this paper an interface is developed to allow high speed and high volume communications between a PC and PLC enabling the emulation of larger and more complex control systems and their models. By switching control of elements within the model between the model engine and the control system it is possible to use the model to validate the system design, test the real world control systems and visualise real world operation.
In control synthesis, it is important for the designer to have a set of stabilizing controllers within which performance specifications are to be attained. Typically a controller can be parametrized by its transfer fu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424414970
In control synthesis, it is important for the designer to have a set of stabilizing controllers within which performance specifications are to be attained. Typically a controller can be parametrized by its transfer function coefficients and often it is desired that these be allowed to vary in independent intervals, that is an interval controller family is desired. In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing an interval controller family that stabilizes an LTI plant. A nice feature of the solution is that the only information required is the frequency response (Nyquist/Bode) of the plant to be controlled. This data is often available for real world plants. The technique is analytical, model-free and is applicable to controllers of any order. Due to the complex nature of stabilizing regions in controller parameter space, typically non-convex and not-connected, we employ a box-like structure of controller sets centered around a nominal stabilizing controller. The result obtained here is a vertex result in conjunction with a simple phase condition. The result is extended to find a set satisfying a given performance specifications. Examples are given for illustration.
Cost reduction, time to market, product quality improvement, and the support of technological evolution are all critical issues that software companies must face to be competitive in today's market. Software Produ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769528885
Cost reduction, time to market, product quality improvement, and the support of technological evolution are all critical issues that software companies must face to be competitive in today's market. Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is one approach to address these issues. This paper presents the experiences of Mondragon Sistemas de Informacion, a small-to-medium company, of introducing software product line engineering. The paper describes reports the benefits generated by deploying a software product line for developing programmable logic controllers' programs for metal processing lines as well as lessons learned.
As a complement to testing procedures, verification techniques as e.g. model checking have been proposed to analyze logiccontrollers specified as Sequential Function Charts (SFC). For the success of these techniques ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424409884
As a complement to testing procedures, verification techniques as e.g. model checking have been proposed to analyze logiccontrollers specified as Sequential Function Charts (SFC). For the success of these techniques suitable execution models of the SFC and of the programmable logic controllers (PLC) on which the SFC are implemented and operated in practice are crucial. This paper investigates and compares two different recently suggested transformation schemes for mapping SFC into timed automata (TA): an event-triggered and a cycle driven scheme. For the example of a laboratory experiment, the paper shows how the schemes lead to TA models of the controller which can, when complemented with appropriate plant models, be used for verifying properties as e.g. safety by employing the software tool UPPAAL. The event-triggered transformation scheme is found to lead to considerably smaller TA models and hence to be more suitable for verification purposes.
We analyze the decoding algorithm for regular time-invariant LDPC convolutional codes as a 3D signal processing scheme and derive several parallelization concepts, which were used to design a novel low-complexity prog...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424409204
We analyze the decoding algorithm for regular time-invariant LDPC convolutional codes as a 3D signal processing scheme and derive several parallelization concepts, which were used to design a novel low-complexity programmable decoder architecture with throughput in the range of 1 Gbit/s at moderate system clock frequencies. The synthesis results indicate that the decoder requires relatively small areas, even when high levels of parallelism are used.
Specific types of distributed measurement and virtual instrumentation systems periodically acquire data from a large number of geographically distributed field terminal devices. Such systems are used in environmental ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424405886
Specific types of distributed measurement and virtual instrumentation systems periodically acquire data from a large number of geographically distributed field terminal devices. Such systems are used in environmental monitoring or in monitoring of various commonalities such as electrical power distribution, gas or water networks. In this article we present a framework for low data rate, highly distributed measurement systems based on the publicly available GSM and GPRS services. By using the framework, it is possible to build a system which is capable to perform local measurements on a large number of geographically distributed measurement points, to collect measured data by using the mobile network, to store them on the server computer and to publish gathered data by providing XML web services interface. The framework is robust, scalable and suited for long-term autonomous operation. The tests showed that the framework is stable and operates properly.
This paper presents an overview of software aspects of the first-ever single-chip GSM radio realized in 90nm CMOS. It demonstrates benefits of using highly programmable digital control logic in a wireless SoC system. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424407569
This paper presents an overview of software aspects of the first-ever single-chip GSM radio realized in 90nm CMOS. It demonstrates benefits of using highly programmable digital control logic in a wireless SoC system. It also describes a micro-processor design in the Digital RF Processor (DRP) and how it controls compensation for process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variations of the analog and RF circuits to meet the required RF performance.
Domino circuits are used to achieve higher system performance than static CMOS techniques. This work briefly surveys domino keeper designs for high fan-in domino circuits. A new domino circuit structure is shown in th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424409204
Domino circuits are used to achieve higher system performance than static CMOS techniques. This work briefly surveys domino keeper designs for high fan-in domino circuits. A new domino circuit structure is shown in this paper that reduces the Power-Delay-Product over 16% as compared to previous domino techniques with keepers.
The advances in the programmable hardware have lead to new architectures, where the hardware can be dynamically adapted to the application to gain better performance. One of the problems in realizing dynamically recon...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424406067
The advances in the programmable hardware have lead to new architectures, where the hardware can be dynamically adapted to the application to gain better performance. One of the problems in realizing dynamically reconfigurable systems is the allocation of dynamically reconfigurable modules. In this scenario, when a new module has to be reconfigured in the system, there is the need to find a suitable free place where it can be configured. In this work a genetic algorithm has been developed to solve the problem of dynamically reconfigurable modules allocation. The search task has been modeled with a genetic algorithm in which each chromosome represents a configuration status of the programmable devices and both crossover and mutation processes try to change the previously found location for the new module in order to achieve a better fitness, that stands for the goodness of the final solution.
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