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IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC)

作者： Khaled M. Rabie Bamidele Adebisi Abdelhamid Salem School of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK

Energy efficiency (EE) in multi-hop cooperative communication systems, both wireless and wired, is increasingly becoming more and more critical. This has recently been extended to include power line communications (PLC). In this respect, we propose in this paper to enhance the EE of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative relaying PLC system by considering energy-harvesting (EH) at the relay node. The energy harvester exploits the high noisy PLC channel feature as well as the transmitted signal power to forward the source information. In light of this, we derive an analytical expression for the EE and verify it with Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the conventional relaying system, i.e. without any EH, is also considered to clearly quantify the achievable gains. The results show that the proposed system can considerably improve the EE of PLC systems and that increasing the channel variance will always make the proposed system more energy-efficient.

关键词： AF relaying cooperative communications energy efficiency (EE) energy-harvesting (EH) power line communications (PLC) Energy efficiency programmable logic controllers cooperative communication relaying OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR ENVIRONMENT, ET. AL. Information source US ENERGY EXTENSION SERVICE Trunk Node Monte Carlo technique

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Verification and Validation based on the generation of Testing Sequences from Timing Diagram Specifications in Industrial Automation

Verification and Validation based on the generation of Testi...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Lorenzo Racchetti Cesare Fantuzzi Lorenzo Tacconi Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio nell'Emilia via Amendola 2 42122 Reggio Emilia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917631

We present Timing Diagram Testing for Verification & Validation (T4V, which is red as "tav") for Industrial Automation Systems. T4V is our approach to address the problem of generating test sequence to verify & validate (V&V) industrial automation systems software. T4V aims to solve this problem by generating test sequences from the timing diagrams of software specifications. Then, run them in Real-Time (RT) onto the PLC, check part of their conformance on-the-run, save the test outlines, and automatically analyze the outlines through an algorithmic verification. We currently implemented T4V for IEC61131-3 platforms (e.g. Beckhoff TwinCAT3) and Rockwell Automation PLCs, but we are integrating it only in our testing and V&V platform for Beckhoff PLCs. We believe that T4V may simplify and/or face the challenges of V&V in order to enable a more efficient and effective testing. Moreover, we believe that it could help PLC providers to understand the needs of an environment with testing and V&V features integrated.

关键词： timing diagram Industrial automation programmable logic controllers Verification Outlines Industrial automation systems V&V Specifications

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A Many-Core based Execution Framework for IEC 61131-3

A Many-Core based Execution Framework for IEC 61131-3

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Matthias Becker Kristian Sandstrom Moris Behnam Thomas Nolte MRTC / M?lardalen University V?ster?s Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917631

programmable logic controllers are widely used for the control of automation systems. The standard IEC 61131-3 defines the execution model as well as the programming languages for such systems. Nowadays, actuators and sensors connect to the programmable logic controller via automation buses. While such buses, as well as the sensors and actuators, become more and more powerful, a shift away from the current distributed operation of automation systems, close to the field level, becomes possible. Instead, execution of complex control functions can be relocated to more powerful hardware, and technologies. This paper presents an execution framework for IEC 61131-3, based on a many-core processors. The presented execution model exploits the characteristics of the IEC 61131-3 applications as well as the characteristics of the many-core processor, yielding a predictable execution. We present the platform architecture and an algorithm to allocate a number of IEC 61131-3 conform applications. Experimental as well as simulation based evaluation is provided.

关键词： Legal Executions International Electrotechnical Commission automation system programmable logic controllers field level Sensors control function actuators WELLS Computer Programming Languages Motor buses

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Improving Data Rate in Relay-Aided Power Line Communications Using Network Coding

Improving Data Rate in Relay-Aided Power Line Communications...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Moslem Noori Lutz Lampe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479913510

Power line communication (PLC) provides a reliable and inexpensive solution to enable high data rate services for indoor environments. In this work, we consider an indoor PLC network where several devices (or users) want to exchange data. To prevent severe signal attenuation and thus performance degradation over relatively long PLC links, we consider the use of a relay at a central location to assist the users in their data communication. For this scenario, we suggest the application of amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-way relaying (MWR) based on physical-layer network coding at the relay. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, its achievable data rate is studied with practical assumptions applicable to PLC systems. Our study shows that the employed AF MWR improves the system performance and increases the achievable common data rate at the users.

关键词： Data transfer rates carrier transmission on power lines Consumers programmable logic controllers Network coding relay System performance signal attenuation central location data communication indoor environment degradation of performance

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Cyber-attack TTP analysis for EPES systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekidis, Alexios Public Power Corporation S.A. Chalkokondili 22 Athens10432 Greece

The electrical grid constitutes of legacy systems that were built with no security in mind. As we move towards the Industry 4.0 area though a high-degree of automation and connectivity provides: 1) fast and flexible configuration and updates as well as 2) easier maintenance and handling of misconfigurations and operational errors. Even though considerations are present about the security implications of the Industry 4.0 area in the electrical grid, electricity stakeholders deem their infrastructures as secure since they are isolated and allow no external connections. However, external connections are not the only security risk for electrical utilities. The Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) that are employed by adversaries to perform cyber-attack towards the critical Electrical Power and Energy System (EPES) infrastructures are gradually becoming highly advanced and sophisticated. In this article we elaborate on these techniques and demonstrate them in a Power Plant of the Public Power Corporation (PPC). The demonstrated TTPs allow to exploit and execute remote commands in smart meters as well as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that are responsible for the power generator operation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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On the Achievable Rate of a Hybrid PLC/VLC/RF Communication System

On the Achievable Rate of a Hybrid PLC/VLC/RF Communication ...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Mohamed Kashef Ahmed Torky Mohamed Abdallah Naofal Al-Dhahir Khalid Qaraqe Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A & M University at Qatar Electronics and Communications Department Cairo University Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at Dallas

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959532

The increased demands for indoor wireless data services with the limited available radio frequency (RF) spectrum are motivating researchers to investigate alternative technologies to augment the existing RF networks. Utilizing the visible light spectrum by exploiting visible light communication (VLC) has shown strong potential to augment RF networks in indoor scenarios. The ubiquity of the power-line network makes it an attractive choice as a communication medium between the data sources and the VLC transmitters through power line communication (PLC). Hence, integrating VLC and PLC systems can be a strong complementary hybrid wireline/wireless technology for indoor data networks. In this paper, we investigate the power allocation problem for a communication scenario in which data is transferred through a cascaded PLC/VLC channel in parallel to an RF wireless channel. We develop an algorithm for allocating the transmission powers among the communication nodes to maximize the achievable rate. Our results show that the proposed system provides appreciable rate gains compared to conventional RF communication systems for the same amount of total transmission power.

关键词： power transmission variable length codes Communications Media radiofrequency visible light spectrum DADANET power splitting Data sources Communication Research Alternative Technologies realizable programmable logic controllers

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Development of an Extended CNC Operator Interface Using Web Technologies and Augmented Reality

Development of an Extended CNC Operator Interface Using Web ...

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International Conference on Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems

作者： Georgi Martinov Artem Kovalev Nadezhda Chervonnova MSTU "STANKIN"

ISBN: (纸本)9781728167015

The article discusses the research and development to obtain the necessary information on the work of technological equipment at the current time. It is shown that the existing interfaces of the operators of different CNC systems are designed to display information depending on the operation mode. And such interfaces may vary significantly depending on the manufacturer. Existing approaches to configuring technology screens do not have the flexibility of customization and are aimed at advanced users. The information on the terminal screens of CNC systems may be either redundant or insufficient. A method based on a Web-server, developed using Nginxs, Redis, Ruby on Rails framework is offered. This approach removes the attachment to a specific technological unit and provides data transmission to mobile devices and augmented reality (AR) tools combined into a single information network with technological equipment. The use of a Web server allows to adapt the output of information to devices with different sizes and screen resolutions. The data transfer using a web server to AR devices for visualization of technological processes is illustrated to reduce the level of dangerous situations and avoid collisions.

关键词： Industry 4.0 Data aggregation CNC PLC Web server HMI Augmented reality augmented reality Computer numerical control Online resources unified retrieval models Web Technologies programmable logic controllers Human machine interaction operation mode operator interface Screen CNC system data transmission Information Network

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Software Changes in Factory Automation: Towards Automatic Change Based Regression Testing

Software Changes in Factory Automation: Towards Automatic Ch...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Sebastian Ulewicz Daniel Schutz Birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universitat Munchen

ISBN: (纸本)9781479940318

Changes of software in factory automation are frequent and resource-consuming in quality assurance when proving compliance with functional specifications. Automated testing can help minimizing required resources for software engineering. However, changes in the software cause a need for re-evaluating functionality through tests. To reduce resource consumption, existing relevant tests can be re-executed after ensuring their compatibility with the software after the changes. In this paper, an approach for enabling the automatic identification and classification of changes is presented, which can be used to efficiently select existing and help adapting incompatible test cases, leading to an overall increase in test efficiency. The approach is based on a detailed programmable logic Controller (PLC) program library and code analysis (both in IEC 61131-3) for several types of machines of industrial companies from the domain of factory automation.

关键词： Manufacturing systems Automatic control programmable logic controllers Quality control Software engineering Change detection Change classification Test selection

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Development of Local Control Panel Interface for Fresh Subassembly Inspection Facility of PFBR

Development of Local Control Panel Interface for Fresh Subas...

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Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), Conference on

作者： Aditya Gour Jaideep Chakraborty P Manoj R P Behera M Sakthivel T Jayanthi B K Panigrahi Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India

ISBN: (数字)9781728141428

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141435

Distributed Digital Control System (DDCS) Architecture is followed for plant control and automation of PFBR catering to the geographical distribution of control systems with reduced cabling. As per this architecture several sensors and actuators are interconnected to centralized servers via switched local area network. These networks are isolated from each other networks for security and safety purpose. Local Control Panels (LCP) are used in PFBR for facilitating local operations of various safety class applications. The LCPs in Fuel Building consist of PLC, Industrial Display Station, FIZIDS, Industrial Camera and other sub-modules specific to the facility pertaining to safety class-3 functionality. As per plant design guidelines, the servers and display stations are based on open source Linux platforms and hence the operator interface software is designed for such environment. This paper describes the development of Qt based GUI software for PLC interface and local display station interface for fresh subassembly inspection facility (FSIF) of PFBR. Modbus TCP/IP interface for PLC communication and display station software design with interlocks & diagnostics processing for all the facilities of FSIF is described.

关键词： PFBR Fresh Subassembly Inspection Facility Display Station Qt Fault Tolerant System Modbus TCP/IP Subassemblies security classification STATIONS programmable logic controllers partial control Plant control Device Panel

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Model based controllers vs traditional PID control

Glass

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Glass 2004年第4期81卷 86-87页

作者： Nixon, Steve Advanced Control Solutions OH United States

The comparison between model based controllers and traditional PID control are discussed. The glass manufacturers have little control over raw material costs or finished product orders, process control is one area where even minor improvements can trim production costs, improve product quality and ultimately increase profits. The traditional forehearth design places a sensor at the exit of each forehearth zone to measure glass temperature as it exit the zone. The benefits of model based control over traditional PID control include reduced job change time by as much as 50% and reduced temperature variation by much as 300%.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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