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Design of intelligent hybrid supervisory controller based on temporal neural networks and timing modules

International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 2014年第1期17卷 54-77页

作者： Abdelhameed, Magdy M. Darabi, Houshang Design and Production Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 1 Elsrayat St. Abdo Basha Abbasiah Cairo Egypt Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago 842 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 United States

This paper investigates the application of temporal neural networks in designing sequence controllers for time and event driven mechatronic manufacturing systems (MMSs). A proposed design of this controller is presented. The proposed design is based on temporal neural network algorithm with timing modules. Adequate guidelines of constructing the controller are presented. These guidelines are applied to design a controller for an industrial application. Functionality of the proposed controller is tested by simulation. Learning process, functionality and main features of this controller are studied and analysed. Theoretical results are presented and discussed. These results prove the proper functionality of the controller to deal with a time and event driven discrete manufacturing system. In addition, the simulation results assure the effectiveness of the proposed controller to outperform the effect of noisy inputs. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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Construction and Verification of PLC LD Programs by the LTL Specification

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AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2014年第7期48卷 424-436页

作者： Kuzmin, E. V. Sokolov, V. A. Ryabukhin, D. A. Demidov Yaroslavl State Univ Ul Sovetskaya 14 Yaroslavl 150000 Russia

An approach to the construction and verification of LD programs of programmable logic controllers (PLC) for discrete problems is proposed. The specification of the program behavior is per-formed using the linear temporal logic language (LTL). Programming is performed using the Ladder Diagram (LD) language by the LTL specification. The correctness analysis of the LTL specification is performed using the Cadence SMV symbolic model-checking tool. An approach to programming and verifying the PLC LD programs is shown using an example. The LD program, its LTL specification, and an SMV model are given for a discrete problem. This article is aimed at the description of an approach to PLC programming that will provide the correctness analysis of PLC LD programs using the model-checking method. Therefore, the variation in each programmable variable is described using a pair of LTL formulas. The first LTL formula describes situations in which the corresponding variable increases and the second LTL formula specifies conditions leading to a decrease in the variable. LTL formulas, which are considered to specify the behavior of variables, are constructive in the sense that the PLC program corresponding to the temporal properties expressed by these formulas is constructed by them. Thus, PLC programming is reduced to the construction of the LTL specification for the behavior of each programmed variable. In addition, the SMV model of the PLC LD program is constructed by the LTL specification. Then, the SMV model is analyzed for correctness (relative to additional conventional general-programming LTL properties) by the Cadence SMV symbolic model-checking tool.

关键词： programmable logic controllers software engineering specification and verification of PLC programs Ladder Diagram

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Study on measuring system of casing machine based on PLC

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Journal of Networks 2014年第5期9卷 1287-1294页

作者： Wang, Huiqiang Xing, Yanqiu Sun, Weilian College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China

According to the technology requirements of measurement for animal casing, in this paper, we use PLC and touch screen as the control core, the electromechanical integration design ideas to research the methods and principles for casing measure, and analyze the mechanical structures and mechanical characteristics of casing machine. As the control core, the programmable logic controller (PLC) ensures that the whole control system has high precision, high stability, high reliability during the operation time. Through PLC and touch screen well match with PLC which make the casing machine more convenient to operate the whole system. The configuration software form has a brief and intuitive interface on touch screen which makes it easy to use. The mechanical structure and control system of this casing machine are more stable, more reliable and with high anti-interference ability, and satisfies various requirements for animal casings, easy and convenient to operate. © 2014 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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Covert Channel Communication Through Physical Interdependencies in Cyber-Physical Infrastructures

Covert Channel Communication Through Physical Interdependenc...

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2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Garcia, Luis Senyondo, Henry McLaughlin, Stephen Zonouz, Saman Rutgers State Univ New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA Univ Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 USA Narus Inc Sunnyvale CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479949342

Increasing efforts are being made in securing the communication infrastructure used in electric power systems. On the surface, this should greatly reduce the chances of successfully executing the type of coordinated and distributed cyber attacks necessary to cause large-scale failures. However, existing communications security schemes in power control systems only consider explicit communications. In this paper, we show that there is a rich set of covert communication channels available to attackers for use in coordinating large scale attacks against power grids. Specifically, we present PHYCO, a novel covert channel that leverages physical substrates, e.g., line loads, within a power system, to transmit information between compromised device controllers. Using PHYCO, two compromised controllers that are miles apart can coordinate their efforts by manipulating relays to modify the power network's topology. This can be done without requiring the use of any explicit communication channels, e.g., power line communications, and can evade intrusion detection sensors aimed at overt traffic. We have evaluated PHYCO using real-world programmable logic controllers on a realistic simulated power grid. Our results show that PHYCO can bypass existing intrusion detection sensors as well as physical inspections by carefully crafting covert communications to have minimal exterior consequences within normal operating thresholds.

关键词： computer network security power engineering computing power grids programmable controllers PhyCo coordinated cyber attacks covert channel communication cyberphysical infrastructures device controller distributed cyber attacks electric power systems physical interdependencies power grid power network topology programmable logic controller Equations Mathematical model Power grids Power measurement Receivers Sensors Power grids programmable logic controllers power systems Network security Power engineering computing Power measurement covert communication Sensors Receivers covert channel Mathematical Model

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Condition monitoring of electrical machines using low computing power devices 21

Condition monitoring of electrical machines using low comput...

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International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)

作者： Sapena-Bano, A. Perez-Cruz, J. Pineda-Sanchez, M. Puche-Panadero, R. Roger-Folch, J. Riera-Guasp, M. Martinez-Roman, J. Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Elect Engn Valencia 46022 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479943890

The diagnosis of electrical motors through the detection of fault frequency signatures in the current's spectrum has become an established standard in the field of industrial maintenance systems. Nevertheles, its implementation on devices with low computing power remains a practical challenge. Industrial controllers, such as programmable logic controllers, or modern, low cost controller hardware, such as the Arduino or the Raspberry Pi open source hardware proposals, lack both the on-board memory and the high speed data acquisition hardware to perform an accurate spectral analysis of the machine's current, in order to identify the spectral components produced by each type of fault. In this paper, a signal conditioning unit, based on a novel downsampling method of the current, is presented. This unit reduces the amount of current samples that must be processed by the diagnostic unit to a mere sample per current cycle, maintains the sub-hertz accuracy needed to resolve fault, and converts the mains component into a constant value that can be easily eliminated without using any additional filter. Besides, it is implemented using low cost devices, just resistors and operational amplifiers. The proposed method is theoretically developed in this paper, and it has been validated using induction motors with broken bars fed directly by the mains or through variable speed drives.

关键词： Induction motor Fault diagnosis Extended Park Vector Fourier transforms Condition monitoring Motor-current signature analysis Broken rotor bar detection programmable logic controllers Signal processing

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Control-as-a-Service from the Cloud: A Case Study for using Virtualized PLCs

Control-as-a-Service from the Cloud: A Case Study for using ...

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10th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)

作者： Givehchi, Omid Imtiaz, Jahanzaib Trsek, Henning Jasperneite, Juergen Ostwestfalen Lippe Univ Appl Sci inIT Inst Ind IT D-32657 Lemgo Germany Fraunhofer IOSB INA Applicat Ctr Ind Automat D-32657 Lemgo Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932351

Cloud computing has recently emerged as a new computing paradigm in many application areas comprising office and enterprise systems. It offers various solutions to provide a dynamic and flexible infrastructure to host computing resources and deliver them as a service on-demand. Since industrial automation systems of the future have to be adaptable and agile, cloud computing can be considered as a promising solution for this area. However, the requirements of industrial automation systems differ significantly from the office and enterprise world. In this paper we describe a case study that implements a concept of PLC as a service within a cloud based infrastructure and provides a performance evaluation with respect to legacy PLCs.

关键词： Industrial automation systems programmable logic controllers Cloud Computing Performance Evaluation office Standing Orders Computational modeling CLOUDS Clouds automation system program area Case studies INFRASTRUCTURE

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Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture In Hot Standby Fault Tolerant Control Systems

Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture In Hot Standby ...

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International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research (ICAETR),

作者： Singh, Sandeep Chary, Valavoju Mahesh Rahman, P. Abdul Indian Space Res Org Satish Dhawan Space Ctr Sriharikota India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479963935

This paper presents Dual Redundant Profibus Network Architecture in hot standby fault tolerant control systems. Here, two independent profibus backbones are used to connect main CPU rack with main & redundant I/O racks respectively. In the above fashion, the redundant CPU rack is also configured. This completely prevents the loss of control over process due to multiple failures in I/O communication interfaces in the DACS system. And also redundancy in "Y link" is established to acquire profibus DP slave data. This immensely enhances "the fault tolerant & redundancy" level of communication between PLC to I/O & DP slave. This completely avoids the loss of field I/Os communication due to various failures in profibus network.

关键词： failure analysis fault tolerant control field buses programmable controllers redundancy DACS system DP slave data I/O communication interfaces PLC Y-link redundancy dual-redundant profibus network architecture field I/O communication loss hot-standby fault tolerant control systems main I/O racks redundant CPU rack redundant I/O racks Manuals Protocols Redundancy programmable logic controllers redundancy FAILURE ANALYSIS fault-tolerant control Field buses Profibus protocols hot standby Redundant

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Fundamentals of Wireless Communications

Fundamentals of Wireless Communications

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IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference

作者： King, Candice GE Co Dallas TX 75227 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932931

Radio Frequency (RF) communications are an important smart grid enabler for functions such as volt/VAR control, recloser control, feeder restorations and isolation, fault detections and sensor alerting in other industrial markets such as cement, mining, and transportation. This paper will give a basic tutorial on the types of radio frequency communications and the benefits and liabilities of each. Specific topics to be explored will be licensed versus unlicensed frequencies, distance between remote devices and base stations, and communication architectures. Radio technology is often referred in numerical ranges or frequencies. The decision on which frequency to employ in a network depends on a few key variables. Prior to deciding which frequency for a network, the application for the radio use will assist with dictation of which frequency range to utilize. Applications such as recloser control and volt/Var control may require a radio device that can provide a high bandwidth/fast speed solution. Other SCADA applications such as sensor monitoring may only require small bandwidth and for data delivery to be at a much slower speed. Besides SCADA applications, wireless communications is now required in other industries such as cement and mining. Another variable when deciding on a radio network is the distance from the main hosts to end remote devices such as RTUs or PLCs in the SCADA environment and sensors and devices for monitoring kiln states in the cement industry. Lower end frequencies (100MHz-900MHz) provide further coverage and greater distance from base stations/Access Points to remote end devices, whereas higher frequencies (2.4GHz-5.8GHz) provide shorter distance coverage, but higher bandwidth and relay data back to SCADA hosts much faster.

关键词： Supervisory control and data acquisition CARRIER SYSTEM remote device RF communications Radio equipment dictation reclosing programmable logic controllers Radio cement industry Sensors Cement BASE STATION Coverage

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Embedded Model Predictive Control for an Electric Submersible Pump on a programmable logic Controller

Embedded Model Predictive Control for an Electric Submersibl...

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IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA)

作者： Binder, B. J. T. Kufoalor, D. K. M. Pavlov, A. Johansen, T. A. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Engn Cybernet NO-7491 Trondheim Norway Statoil ASA Res & Dev Ctr NO-3905 Porsgrunn Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781479974092

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) can be installed in oil wells to create artificial lift, in order to increase recovery from the reservoir, and boost the production rate. A Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for an ESP, based on linearized models, is developed and designed using SEPTIC (Statoil's in-house software tool for MPC), and implemented on a programmable logic Controller (PLC). Automatic code generators have been utilized to generate an application-specific MPC controller in ANSI C code. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation results show that the control performance of the PLC implementation is comparable to the original SEPTIC controller.

关键词： Generators Hardware Inductors Mathematical model Optimization Pressure measurement Production programmable logic controllers Pressure measurement inductors dynamos Computer hardware Mathematical Model Maximum Allowable Concentration logic controller control performance programmable Submersibles electrostatic precipitators

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Narrowband Power Line Communications Evaluation in Complex Distribution Networks

Narrowband Power Line Communications Evaluation in Complex D...

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2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Sanz, A. Pinero, P. J. Idiago, J. M. Esteban, S. Garcia, J. I. Atmel Spain Torre C2Poligono Puerta Norte A-23 Zaragoza 50820 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479949342

A high performance Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is key to the adequate development of the Smart Grid. There are several technologies that can be used to deploy it, being PLC (Power Line Communications) the most extended, at least in western European countries. A PLC AMI is composed of a data concentrator and a number of meters, being restricted to a transformer substation due to the properties of current PLC technologies. However, this configuration is not suitable for other electrical networks (like American), where the number of meters per substation is very limited and the utilities are forced to install a high number of expensive data concentrators or to move to wireless technologies. To solve this problem, in this paper a new structure for PLC AMI networks, which take advantage of frequency band extension, is proposed and tested in a real environment in Colombia. Furthermore, the feasibility of deploying a metering network in this scenario is also evaluated through simulation. To this end, it is used the PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) standard, which is one of the most extended for PLC metering networks nowadays.

关键词： carrier transmission on power lines distribution networks metering power transformers smart power grids substations Colombia European countries PLC AMI PLC AMI networks PLC metering networks PLC technologies PRIME complex distribution networks data concentrators electrical networks frequency band extension high performance advanced metering infrastructure metering network narrowband power line communications evaluation power line communications powerline intelligent metering evolution smart grid transformer substation wireless technologies Attenuation Availability Frequency measurement Noise Smart grids Substations Switches Substations Smart grids carrier transmission on power lines Power grids Wireless Technology data-centralization frequency measurement ELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS Colombia Switches Electric circuits Noise programmable logic controllers

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