The paper discusses the design process of a simple programmablelogic controller. The conception of the PLC is presented. The idea is to develop PLC, which is compatible with EN 61131-3 standard. This part of standard...
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The paper discusses the design process of a simple programmablelogic controller. The conception of the PLC is presented. The idea is to develop PLC, which is compatible with EN 61131-3 standard. This part of standard refers to programming languages. However, instructions of the PLC are directly related to the hardware structure of the PLC. The most important part of the PLC is central processing unit and the paper especially focuses on this aspect. Instruction set, encoding and some elements of the design are presented and the paper is structured to show design flow from instruction list to a hardware design. The CPU was implemented in FPGA device.
Intelligent systems have been developed for more than 50 years, however, their practical application in industrial problems is still restrict and, many times, a challenge. One of the reasons for such restriction lies ...
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Intelligent systems have been developed for more than 50 years, however, their practical application in industrial problems is still restrict and, many times, a challenge. One of the reasons for such restriction lies on language ruptures. On the one hand, intelligent systems are characterized by a formal language, as PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) for planning domains, while industrial systems have a simple, centralized, closed loop and low-level language, such as Ladder or SFC (Sequential Flow Chart) based on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The applicability of intelligent systems in industrial cases is, however, directly linked to the development of applications that facilitate the integration of these languages. This paper presents an application named Plans Parser for Automated Systems (PlanPAS) that integrates automated planning solution with PLCs. Preliminary results of the proposed structure for the integrator application are showed using OPC in Client / Server approach.
This contribution describes the use of virtual systems to train and assist control applications in the industry. The general requirements for virtual systems in the industry are collected. In this paper, 3 possible an...
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This contribution describes the use of virtual systems to train and assist control applications in the industry. The general requirements for virtual systems in the industry are collected. In this paper, 3 possible and interesting use cases of virtual systems in industry are developed: PLC (programmablelogic Controller) and automation training, virtual commissioning and Human operator training. It is shown that video games technology can involve original solutions in matter of simulation improving human “situation awareness”. All the applications developed in this paper can be summarized with these words: Play for virtual to act for real!
One of the most widespread techniques to evaluate various aspects of a manufacturing system is discrete-event simulation (DES). However, building a simulation model of a manufacturing system is a difficult task and ne...
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One of the most widespread techniques to evaluate various aspects of a manufacturing system is discrete-event simulation (DES). However, building a simulation model of a manufacturing system is a difficult task and needs great resource expenditures. Automated data collection and model buildup can drastically reduce the time of the design phase as well as support model reusability. Since most of the manufacturing systems are controlled by low level controllers (e.g., PLCs, CNCs) they inherently store structure and control logic of the system to be modeled by a DES system. The paper introduces an ongoing research of PLC code processing method for automatic ISA standard simulation model generation of a conveyor system of a leading automotive factory. Results of the validation process and simulation experiments are also described through a case study.
We report on a successful themed Masters level project. Ten students addressed a single multivariable control problem using a variety of control algorithms and hardware platforms. The use of an OPC server provides dif...
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We report on a successful themed Masters level project. Ten students addressed a single multivariable control problem using a variety of control algorithms and hardware platforms. The use of an OPC server provides different control structures that can be used to design controllers with different specifications such as bandwith and noise rejection.
Functional validation is an important task in complex embedded system. The formal modeling of PLC system for verification is a rough task. Good verification model should be faithful and concise. At one hand, the model...
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Functional validation is an important task in complex embedded system. The formal modeling of PLC system for verification is a rough task. Good verification model should be faithful and concise. At one hand, the model must be consistent with the system at the other hand, the model must have suitable scale because of the state explosion problem of verification. This paper proposes a systemic method for the construction of verification model. PLC system architecture and PLC features are modeled as components. This is universal for all PLC applications. We give an automatic translation method for software modeling based on operational semantics. A small example is demonstrated for our approach.
The heterogeneous integration of InP PDs fabricated on silica-based PLCs is demonstrated. By using a 2.5%-Delta PLC, we realized a compact high performance DP-QPSK receiver with eight heterogeneously integrated high-s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781557529626;9781479904570
The heterogeneous integration of InP PDs fabricated on silica-based PLCs is demonstrated. By using a 2.5%-Delta PLC, we realized a compact high performance DP-QPSK receiver with eight heterogeneously integrated high-speed PDs.
A Coloured Petri Net (CPN) based method for programmablelogic Controller (PLC) program validation is proposed in this paper. It uses a simple fixed net structure and does not require the creation of different Petri N...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479909261
A Coloured Petri Net (CPN) based method for programmablelogic Controller (PLC) program validation is proposed in this paper. It uses a simple fixed net structure and does not require the creation of different Petri Nets for every new PLC program. The base of the method is the so-called technology description and operation state table used in engineering practice. The CPN simulates the operation of the PLC and compares the resulted values to the desired ones. In the case of a difference it indicates the existence of an error. The method is capable of automatic program validation and safety analysis, which is demonstrated through the example of an oil tank system.
Power Line Communication is still one of the most popular ways to solve the last-mile problem in Smart Metering. The main drawbacks of this medium are the harsh circumstances in the grid. The unpredictability of noise...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781629931333
Power Line Communication is still one of the most popular ways to solve the last-mile problem in Smart Metering. The main drawbacks of this medium are the harsh circumstances in the grid. The unpredictability of noise and impedance in the grid makes it a difficult task to model the physical channel and therefore choose the right modulation technique for the job. In this paper noise and impedance measurements are executed. This leads to a classification of the different types of loads in function of the basic parameters influencing power line communication.
In this paper, we focus on narrowband (NB) OFDM PLC standards and associated implementations operating in frequency bands below 500 kHz. With the emergence of the Smart Grid Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI), an in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479913510
In this paper, we focus on narrowband (NB) OFDM PLC standards and associated implementations operating in frequency bands below 500 kHz. With the emergence of the Smart Grid Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI), an international PLC standards gap was identified requiring new technology to serve market needs for higher bitrates and increased robustness [1]. This paper provides a brief history of PLC technology alternatives and the emergence of NB OFDM PLC solutions that fill this "standards gap". We discuss power line channel impairments (e.g., noise, impedance) that we have measured on power grids and in dwellings such as in high rise buildings [2]. These studies have influenced emerging international NB OFDM PLC standards [3][4] and existing NB OFDM PLC solutions[5][6]. An important topic beyond NB PLC standardization is defining how the new modems coexist with legacy PLC modems operating in the same frequency band. SGIP PAP-15 [6] has done considerable work coordinating PLC coexistence requirements with IEEE P1901.2, ITU-T G.990x standards development;and PRIME and G3-PLC Alliances. Semiconductor's role is then to provide a hardware and software platform to realize a robust communications solution that can be deployed around the world. So then another important topic addressed is computational complexity. We roughly estimate modem computations as a function of signal bandwidth. This analysis shows that NB OFDM PLC standards can be implemented in software using a simple microprocessor;and in addition the same hardware platform can be used to implement the various standards.
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