In-home networking based on Wireless LAN (WLAN) or Power Line Communication (PLC) provides convenience and mobility to the users because in both technologies there is no need to rewire a house. However, both PLC and W...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479915002
In-home networking based on Wireless LAN (WLAN) or Power Line Communication (PLC) provides convenience and mobility to the users because in both technologies there is no need to rewire a house. However, both PLC and WLAN suffer from different performance degradation problems due to their different communication media. This paper provides a cooperative transmission scheme between PLC and WLAN, which dynamically changes the communication media when either one of them becomes unfeasible, in order to improve the TCP performance when only PLC is employed. We showed through simulations that the proposed scheme effectively works by considerably improving the TCP throughput.
In this paper, a new signal transmission system for Narrow-Band Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) has been proposed in order to solve problems of the conventional systems. The serious signal propagation loss was the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784885522673
In this paper, a new signal transmission system for Narrow-Band Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) has been proposed in order to solve problems of the conventional systems. The serious signal propagation loss was the problem for the differential-mode transmission system, which used the live and neutral conductors. Malfunction of the earth leakage circuit breaker was the problem for the common-mode system, which used the live, neutral and protective earth conductors. The proposing system injects and receives the signal between the Neutral and Protective Earth (N-PE) conductors. In order to compare the proposing N-PE transmission system with the differential-mode system, Packet Error Rate (PER) performances of 144 pairs of wall outlets for AC100V, which consisted of 78 in-phase pairs and 66 out-of-phase pairs, in the authors' laboratory were measured. Although the 40% outlet pairs could not communicate at all for the differential-mode system, the ratio was reduced to 4% for the proposed system. Moreover, the communication quality of the PER value being less than or equal to 0.5 was improved 1.7 times more than that of the differential-mode system.
The integration of closed loop control algorithms into industrial control systems represents an important topic in the automation domain. Timing constraints have to be taken into account, often leading to a compromise...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467345675
The integration of closed loop control algorithms into industrial control systems represents an important topic in the automation domain. Timing constraints have to be taken into account, often leading to a compromise between real-time capabilities of the control and accuracy of the calculated values. Due to its event-based execution model, IEC 61499 bears advantages concerning the closed loop control application implementation. This provides flexibility and allows the implementation of various and more sophisticated feedback algorithms. The work described in this paper is concerned with these different implementation aspects. A detailed analysis is presented concerning their timing characteristics and solutions are proposed for the actual realization of these design variants by applying IEC 61499 function blocks.
Central utility services are increasingly networked systems that use an interconnection of sensors and programmable logic controllers, and feed data to servers and human-machine interfaces. These systems are connected...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467348638
Central utility services are increasingly networked systems that use an interconnection of sensors and programmable logic controllers, and feed data to servers and human-machine interfaces. These systems are connected to the Internet so that they can be accessed remotely, and the network in these plants is structured according to the SCADA model. Although the physical systems themselves are generally designed with high degrees of safety in mind, and designers of computer systems are well advised to incorporate computer security principles, a combined framework for supervisory control of the physical and cyber architectures in these systems is still lacking. Often absent are provisions to defend against external and internal attacks, and even operator errors that might bypass currently standalone security measures to cause undesirable consequences. In this paper we examine a prototypical instance of SCADA network in the distribution network that handles central cooling and heating for a set of buildings. The electrical loads are networked through programmable logic controllers (PLCs), electrical meters, and networks that deliver data to and from servers that are part of a SCADA system, which has grown in size and complexity over many years.
This paper presents a novel implementation of the JPEG2000 standard as a system on a chip (SoC). While most of the research in this field centers on acceleration of the EBCOT Tier I encoder, this work focuses on an em...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783642331916
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642331916
This paper presents a novel implementation of the JPEG2000 standard as a system on a chip (SoC). While most of the research in this field centers on acceleration of the EBCOT Tier I encoder, this work focuses on an embedded solution for EBCOT Tier II. Specifically, this paper proposes using an embedded softcore processor to perform Tier II processing as the back end of an encoding pipeline. The Altera NIOS II processor is chosen for the implementation and is coupled with existing embedded processing modules to realize a fully embedded JPEG2000 encoder. The design is synthesized on a Stratix IV FPGA and is shown to out perform other comparable SoC implementations by 39% in computation time.
This paper deals with experimental verification of the new modified Filtered Smith Predictor with primary 2DOF P-controller that simplifies treatment of the control constraints carried out on a physical model of a sta...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783902823144
This paper deals with experimental verification of the new modified Filtered Smith Predictor with primary 2DOF P-controller that simplifies treatment of the control constraints carried out on a physical model of a stable optical plant using a PLC. Testing the traditional and the new solutions with different disturbance filters by real time experiments fully confirms superiority of the new controllers in constrained control. The paper simultaneously analyzes advantages of using Simulink Target for B&R Automation studio. It allows to use Matlab/Simulink environment with a PLC.
When creating distributed control systems, we can choose one of two possible approaches based on IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 standards. The first of them has been used for a long time in the PLC sphere, but it does not di...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783037855034
When creating distributed control systems, we can choose one of two possible approaches based on IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 standards. The first of them has been used for a long time in the PLC sphere, but it does not directly support the creation of extensive distributed systems. The second of the standards, IEC 61499, offers a direct solution for distributed system creation. The truth is that it is a new standard, which is why it is supported by only a few device manufacturers. This raises the question of which approach and which standard is more effective and suitable for individual system designing.
The purpose of this paper is to present an example application based on a programmablelogic controller module used for the operation and the control of a industrial unmanned system, namely a two conveyors and a pneum...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467359795
The purpose of this paper is to present an example application based on a programmablelogic controller module used for the operation and the control of a industrial unmanned system, namely a two conveyors and a pneumatic crane. The methodology applied during the design of the systems is also presented.
The basis of modern teaching in subjects programmable logic controllers and Computer Control Systems is students' practical work with models operated by PLCs (programmable logic controllers) or by industrial compu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788001049877
The basis of modern teaching in subjects programmable logic controllers and Computer Control Systems is students' practical work with models operated by PLCs (programmable logic controllers) or by industrial computers (IPCs). To enable students to work with the models outside laboratory lessons as well, a web interface with a system of booking is created and with its help it is possible to access and control models with a virtual PC for some time. By the access via a remote desktop the virtual PC can control and thus program a given model. Currently it is possible to work with these models: a model of liquid level stabilization, a model of a railway traffic, a model of a ball on an inclined plane, a model of synchronous axes of electric drives and a model of temperature control. Students can carry out remote access to control elements of individual models both in the laboratory and outside the college. Webcams are connected to each model, allowing to monitor the activity of the models. There are instructions and tasks with increasing difficulty prepared for the work of students in seminars. The authors are of the opinion that it is in the field of mechatronics is didactic reasons very important to allow students to practice professional physical models and management with the latest technologies - Internet-programmable computer control systems.
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control major components of the critical infrastructure. Targeted malware such as Stuxnet is an example of a covert cyber attack against a SCADA sys...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642357640
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control major components of the critical infrastructure. Targeted malware such as Stuxnet is an example of a covert cyber attack against a SCADA system that resulted in physical effects. Of particular significance is how Stuxnet exploited the trust relationship between the human machine interface (HMI) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Current methods for validating system operating parameters rely on message exchange and network communications protocols, which are generally observed at the HMI. Although sufficient at the macro level, this method does not support the detection of malware that causes physical effects via the covert manipulation of a PLC. This paper introduces an alternative method that leverages the direct analysis of PLC inputs and outputs to derive the true state of SCADA devices. The input-output behavior characteristics are modeled using Petri nets to derive metrics for quantifying the resilience of PLCs against malicious exploits. The method enables the detection of programming changes that affect input-output relationships, the identification of the degree of deviation from a baseline program and the minimization of performance losses due to disruptive events.
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