Transaction level (TL) models are key to early design exploration, performance estimation and virtual prototyping. Their speed and accuracy enable early and rapid System-on-Chip (SoC) design evaluation and software de...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783981080186
Transaction level (TL) models are key to early design exploration, performance estimation and virtual prototyping. Their speed and accuracy enable early and rapid System-on-Chip (SoC) design evaluation and software development. Most devices have only register transfer level (RTL) models that are too complex for SoC simulation. Abstracting these models to TL ones, however, is a challenging task, especially when the RTL description is too obscure or not accessible. This work presents a methodology for automatically creating a TL model of an RTL memory controller component. The device is treated as a black box and a multitude of simulations is used to obtain results, showing its timing behavior. The results are classified into conditional probability distributions, which are reused within a TL model to approximate the RTL timing behavior. The presented method is very fast and highly accurate. The resulting TL model executes approximately 1200 times faster, with a maximum measured average timing offset error of 7.66%.
This paper deals with experimental verification of the new modified Filtered Smith Predictor with primary 2DOF P-controller that simplifies treatment of the control constraints carried out on a physical model of a sta...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783902823144
This paper deals with experimental verification of the new modified Filtered Smith Predictor with primary 2DOF P-controller that simplifies treatment of the control constraints carried out on a physical model of a stable optical plant using a PLC. Testing the traditional and the new solutions with different disturbance filters by real time experiments fully confirms superiority of the new controllers in constrained control. The paper simultaneously analyzes advantages of using Simulink Target for B&R Automation studio. It allows to use Matlab/Simulink environment with a PLC.
When creating distributed control systems, we can choose one of two possible approaches based on IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 standards. The first of them has been used for a long time in the PLC sphere, but it does not di...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467330053;9781467330046
When creating distributed control systems, we can choose one of two possible approaches based on IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 standards. The first of them has been used for a long time in the PLC sphere, but it does not directly support the creation of extensive distributed systems. The second of the standards, IEC 61499, offers a direct solution for distributed system creation. The truth is that it is a new standard, which is why it is supported by only a few device manufacturers. This raises the question of which approach and which standard is more effective and suitable for individual system designing.
We describe the design and implementation of a narrowband power line communications (PLC) modem. The modem uses frequency shift keying (FSK) and is implemented on a C6000 DSP. The use of FSK and the selected receiver ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467345972;9781467345958
We describe the design and implementation of a narrowband power line communications (PLC) modem. The modem uses frequency shift keying (FSK) and is implemented on a C6000 DSP. The use of FSK and the selected receiver architecture allows for a simple and efficient implementation. The project is used in an international DSP course to introduce students to basic signal processing algorithms.
According to Finnish legislation, at least 80% of the energy meters in Finland have to be remotely readable and provide hourly based energy data by the end of 2013. Based on a questionnaire made to Finnish DSOs, a con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781629931333
According to Finnish legislation, at least 80% of the energy meters in Finland have to be remotely readable and provide hourly based energy data by the end of 2013. Based on a questionnaire made to Finnish DSOs, a conservative estimate can be made that approx. 30...50% of these meters will use PLC communication in LV network. In a sample of 110 647 alredy installed meters approx. 3.6% of the meters using PLC had experienced communication problems either in commissioning stage or during operation. On-site measurements to study common customer apparatus disturbing the PLC were conducted in the networks of a few DSOs. Most common disturbance sources were frequency converters and switch-mode power supplies. A method based on HF current measurements was developed to facilitate the location of the disturbance source. The measurements indicate that in addition to insufficient emission limit standardization below 150 kHz the aging of customer equipment is a relevant cause of interference problems.
One of the most widespread techniques to evaluate various aspects of an existing manufacturing system is discrete-event simulation (DES). However, building a simulation model of a manufacturing system needs great reso...
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One of the most widespread techniques to evaluate various aspects of an existing manufacturing system is discrete-event simulation (DES). However, building a simulation model of a manufacturing system needs great resource expenditures. Automated data collection and model buildup can drastically reduce the time of the design phase as well as support model reusability. Since most of the manufacturing systems are controlled by low level controllers they store structure and control logic of the system to be modeled by a DES system. The paper introduces an ongoing research of PLC code processing method for automatic simulation model generation of a conveyor system of a leading automotive factory. (c) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Professor D. Mourtzis and Professor G. Chryssolouris.
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control major components of the critical infrastructure. Targeted malware such as Stuxnet is an example of a covert cyber attack against a SCADA sys...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642357640
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control major components of the critical infrastructure. Targeted malware such as Stuxnet is an example of a covert cyber attack against a SCADA system that resulted in physical effects. Of particular significance is how Stuxnet exploited the trust relationship between the human machine interface (HMI) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Current methods for validating system operating parameters rely on message exchange and network communications protocols, which are generally observed at the HMI. Although sufficient at the macro level, this method does not support the detection of malware that causes physical effects via the covert manipulation of a PLC. This paper introduces an alternative method that leverages the direct analysis of PLC inputs and outputs to derive the true state of SCADA devices. The input-output behavior characteristics are modeled using Petri nets to derive metrics for quantifying the resilience of PLCs against malicious exploits. The method enables the detection of programming changes that affect input-output relationships, the identification of the degree of deviation from a baseline program and the minimization of performance losses due to disruptive events.
The paper introduces a discrete-event simulation-based decision supporting system aiming at automatically mirroring the current state of a large-scale material handling system of a production system in a digital model...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467347792;9781467347808
The paper introduces a discrete-event simulation-based decision supporting system aiming at automatically mirroring the current state of a large-scale material handling system of a production system in a digital model and supporting the analysis of diverse control settings and rules. The discrete-event digital model is built in an automated way and all the data necessary for the model are taken from a manufacturing execution system (MES) and additionally directly from programmable logic controllers (PLC). Main focus is given to present the results of the PLC program code processing method (code mapping) generating a structured dataset, as well as the model-reconstruction method for the simulation software. The easy-of-use support tool is intended to be used both in planning and operation phases of an automotive manufacturing company, thus the capabilities of model reconstruction and simulation are tested on real-world data.
We fabricated a DP-QPSK receiver PLC by the heterogeneous integration of eight highspeed PDs on a compact silica-based PLC platform with a PBS, 90-degree optical hybrids and a VOA. 32 Gbaud DP-QPSK signal demodulation...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781557529503
We fabricated a DP-QPSK receiver PLC by the heterogeneous integration of eight highspeed PDs on a compact silica-based PLC platform with a PBS, 90-degree optical hybrids and a VOA. 32 Gbaud DP-QPSK signal demodulation was successfully demonstrated.
This work presents the direct method for studying the behavior of the drive for horizontal motion on gantry cranes and tower cranes in laboratory conditions. The developed and described laboratory setup enables the te...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467319720
This work presents the direct method for studying the behavior of the drive for horizontal motion on gantry cranes and tower cranes in laboratory conditions. The developed and described laboratory setup enables the testing of an algorithm for precise control over this drive, with the basic goal of eliminating swaying of the load. The most significant results obtained during the conducted tests are displayed at the end of the work.
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