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Design verification using fieldprogrammable gate arrays for optical access communications SoC

NTT Technical Review 2011年第3期9卷

作者： Kusaba, Ritsku Yasuda, Sadayuki Kawai, Kenji Kawamura, Tomoaki Oteru, Shoko Ubiquitous Interface Laboratory NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories Japan

We describe evaluation technology that uses field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to test a system on a chip (SoC). This should reduce the time taken for testing SoCs used in optical access communications by letting us conduct tests using FPGAs in parallel with conventional testing to reduce the testing time and improve the design quality.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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Design of capacity regulation system for reciprocating compressor based on programmable logic controller

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Journal of Computational Information Systems 2011年第12期7卷 4409-4416页

作者： Li, Dacheng Jiang, Zhinong Cui, Lihua Engineering Research Center of Chemical Technology Safety of the Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China

The reciprocating compressor used in the industry consumes copious amounts of energy. Unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced by regulating the compressor capacity and by better satisfying its energy efficiency and environmental and production requirements. In this paper, a programmable logic controller (PLC)-based capacity-regulating system is successfully designed and put forward for the first time after an analysis of the time control technology of pressing-off the inlet valve plate during partial stroke. The actuator, which works on the principle of electromagnetism, is designed to press off the valve plate to control the opening and closing of the inlet valve. The control system, mainly composed of the PLC, controls the on-off time of the coil to implement the application and revocation of the open force acting on the valve plate. The control system also measures actual crankshaft speed to optimize the regulation result. The design process and experimental application of the system shows that the technology can realize continuously stepless capacity regulation for the compressor within the 0%-100% range. The entire system is cheap to manufacture, consumes low power during operation, and has high economic efficiency. The regulating system is safe, reliable, easy to operate, and can be applied in most working conditions. Copyright © 2011 Binary Information Press.

关键词： programmable logic controllers

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programmable logic controllers based on the algebraic Riccati equation solution

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STROJNISKI VESTNIK-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2006年第12期52卷 852-862页

作者： Podrzaj, Primoz Kariz, Zoran Univ Ljubljana Fac Mech Engn Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

This paper deals with the synthesis of a suboptimal controller based on the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). The numerical procedure for obtaining the solution is presented. In applications the controlled system parameters often differ from the ones used in the ARE. In this case the optimality of the control system and even its stability are questionable. Therefore, it would be very useful to design an adaptive linear suboptimal controller Such a controller should be able to detect changes in the system parameters and adjust its parameters. (C) 2006 Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： adaptive systems Riccati equations programmable logic controllers numerical algorithms

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Development and testing of an SNMP-based integrated management system for heterogeneous power line communication networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT 2010年第1期20卷 35-55页

作者： Park, Chang-Keun Kang, Joon-Myung Choi, Mi-Jung Hong, James Won-Ki Lim, Yong-Hun Ju, Seongho Choi, Moon-Suk Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Pohang South Korea KT Network Lab Taejon South Korea Kangwon Natl Univ Dept Comp Sci Chunchon South Korea KEPRI Taejon South Korea

Power line communication (PLC) is an evolving technology which uses existing power lines for data transmission. Like any other communication network, PLC networks need to be managed to ensure efficient use Of resources and operations. Currently, major PLC chip vendors are trying to provide network management solutions based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) by developing their own management systems, but they cannot manage heterogeneous PLC networks comprised of PLC devices from various PLC chip vendors. In this paper, we provide our experience of developing and testing an integrated management system fora heterogeneous PLC network based on SNMP. We present Our approach for integrated management by defining the common PLC Management information base (MIB) and an integrated PI-C proxy agent for providing interoperability to legacy PLC devices which do not support the common PLC MIB. We also present the development of in integrated PLC network management system and its test in heterogeneous PLC networks deployed in South Korea. The contribution of our work is to provide a guideline for developing and testing integrated NMSs for any heterogeneous networks including PLC networks. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： programmable logic controllers SNMP carrier transmission on power lines train integrated management system Heterogeneous networks integrated management Management Information Base (MIB)

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Development of a Selective Light-Emitting Diode Photolytic NO₂ Converter for Continuously Measuring NO₂ in the Atmosphere

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010年第22期82卷 9234-9239页

作者： Sadanaga, Yasuhiro Fukumori, Yuki Kobashi, Tadashi Nagata, Makoto Takenaka, Norimichi Bandow, Hiroshi Osaka Prefecture Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Appl Chem Naka Ku Osaka 5998531 Japan

A photolytic converter of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been designed to measure NO2 in the troposphere. The typical electrical power consumption of the photolytic converter (PLC) is only 44 W. The maximum conversion efficiency of NO2 to NO of the photolytic converter is around 90%, which is higher than that of metal halides or high-pressure Xe arc lamps (up to similar to 70%). The conversion efficiency of the PLC was almost constant for at least 2.5 months. The conversion efficiency of peroxyacetyl nitrate by the LED-PLC was measured to be 2.6 +/- 0.1% (1 sigma). The interference of HONO using the PLC was experimentally estimated to be less than 3%, which is within the uncertainty of the instrument. An inter-comparison of NO2 measurements between the PLCCLD and the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique was conducted, and the NO2 concentrations measured by the PLC-CLD method were in agreement with those obtained by the LIF technique, within the uncertainties of the instruments. Continuous observations were made on Fukue Island, a remote area. These results demonstrate the performance of the PLC for continuous ambient measurements.

关键词： programmable logic controllers atmosphere Converters NOBELIUM Conversion efficiency Light emitting diodes

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Verification of a Timed Multitask System With UPPAAL

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2010年第4期7卷 921-932页

作者： Mokadem, Houda Bel Berard, Beatrice Gourcuff, Vincent De Smet, Olivier Roussel, Jean-Marc ENS Cachan Lab Specificat & Verificat F-94235 Cachan France Univ Paris 06 LIP6 F-75005 Paris France ENS Cachan LURPA F-94235 Cachan France

System and program verification has been a large area of research since the introduction of computers in industrial systems. It is an especially important issue for critical systems, where errors can cause human and financial damages. programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are now widely used in many industrial systems and verification of the corresponding programs has already been studied in various contexts for a few years, for the benefit of users and system designers. First restricted to an untimed setting, verification was recently extended to systems where quantitative constraints are needed, possibly related to time elapsing. For instance, timed features like TON (Timers ON delay), used in PLC programs, were modeled with timed automata, thus increasing the size of the verification problems addressed. In this framework, we propose the modeling and verification of a particular timed multitask PLC program, which is part of the so-called MSS (Mecatronic Standard System) platform from Bosch Group. In this case study, time aspects are combined with multitask programming, which raises questions related to the reaction time between the detection of a signal and the resulting event. Our model for station 2 of the MSS platform is a network of timed automata, including automata for the operative part and for the control program, which is first described in SFC then translated in Ladder Diagram. This model is constrained with atomicity hypotheses concerning program execution, and model checking of a reaction time property is performed with the tool UPPAAL. Note to Practitioners-In this work, we are interested in the combination of timed aspects with multitask PLC programming. It can be used to reduce the reaction time of the control program written in Ladder Diagram language to an external signal. To asses safety properties, we use a model checking tool, UPPAAL. Basically, the model-checking technique consists in: i) modeling the program and its environment as a transitio

关键词： Model checking programmable logic controllers timed automata

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Design and Synthesis of Phospholipase C and A₂-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Smart Probes

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BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY 2010年第10期21卷 1724-1727页

作者： Popov, Anatoliy V. Mawn, Theresa M. Kim, Soungkyoo Zheng, Gang Delikatny, E. James Univ Penn Dept Radiol Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Univ Toronto Dept Med Biophys Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada

The primary focus of this work was to develop activatable probes suitable for in vivo detection of phospholipase activity. Phospholipases (PLs) are ubiquitous enzymes that perform a number of critical regulatory functions. They catalyze phospholipid breakdown and are categorized as A(1), A(2) (PLA(2)), C (PLC), and D (PLD) based on their site of action. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of self-quenching reporter probes that release fluorescent moieties upon cleavage with PLA(2) or PLC. A series of phospholipids were synthesized bearing the NIR fluorophore pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) at the sn-2 position. Fluorescence quenching was achieved by attachment of either a positively charged black hole quencher-3 (BHQ-3) to the phospholipid headgroup or another neutral Pyro moiety at the sn-1 position. The specificity to different phospholipases was modulated by insertion of spacers (C-6, C-12) between Pyro and the lipid backbone. The specificity of the quenched fluorescent phospholipids was assayed on a plate reader against a number of phospholipases and compared with two commercial probes bearing the visible fluorophore BODIPY. While PyroC(6)-PyroC(6)-PtdCho revealed significant background fluorescence, and a 10% fluorescence increase under the action of PLA(2), Pyro-PtdEtn-BHQ demonstrated high selective sensitivity to PLC, particularly to the PC-PLC isoform, and its sensitivity to PLA(2), was negligible due to steric hindrance at the sn-2 position. In contrast, the C-12-spacered PyroC(12)-PtdEtn-BHQ demonstrated a remarkable selectivity for PLA(2) and the best relative PLA(2)/PLC sensitivity, significantly outperforming previously known probes. These results open an avenue for future in vivo experiments and for new probes to detect PL activity.

关键词： Avenues synthesis phospholipase C Microplate Reader Steric hindrance Plate readers Fluorophores Phospholipases Phospholipids background fluorescence programmable logic controllers

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Automated Control System Security

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IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2010年第5期8卷 62-63页

作者： Cohen, Fred California Sciences Institute

Automated control systems (ACSs) lie at the heart of industrial and infrastructure systems and, as such, are one of the most critical parts of critical infrastructures. Yet the information security world has largely ignored these systems, and most information security folks seem to think that the protective processes, measures, and mechanisms that apply to general-purpose enterprise computers also apply to ACSs. At the same time, most control systems engineers know almost nothing about information protection and don"t recognize even the potential for the sorts of things that information security professionals consider standard. This mismatch must be addressed, or we"ll be paying the price for it for at least one generation.

关键词： ACS security PLC security SCADA security automated control systems infrastructure security programmable logic controllers security and privacy supervisory control and data acquisition programmable logic controllers Information Protection critical parts Automatic control systems computer information security Supervisory control and data acquisition Confidential Information

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Comparison of Posterolateral Corner Reconstructions Using Computer-Assisted Navigation

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ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY 2010年第8期26卷 1088-1095页

作者： Feeley, Brian T. Muller, Mark S. Sherman, Seth Allen, Answorth A. Pearle, Andrew D. Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Orthopaed Surg San Francisco CA 94158 USA Carroll Clin Dallas TX USA Hosp Special Surg Sports Med & Shoulder Serv Dept Orthopaed Surg New York NY 10021 USA

Purpose: This study evaluated different fibular-based reconstruction techniques for grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were used in this study. A surgical navigation system was used to determine varus opening and external rotation at 0, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees with a 9.8-Nm varus stress and 5-Nm external rotation stress applied to the tibia. Intact and disrupted PLC knees were used as controls. Four different fibular-based reconstruction techniques were evaluated. The femoral attachments consisted of a single- or double-tunnel technique, and the fibula attachment consisted of an anteroposterior or oblique tunnel technique. Results: Sectioning of the PLC resulted in an increase in varus and external rotation at all flexion angles. All reconstruction techniques restored varus and external rotation stability compared with the PLC-deficient state, but the single-femoral tunnel reconstruction with an anteroposterior fibular tunnel did not restore varus or external rotation stability at 30 degrees and 60 degrees. No reconstruction technique overconstrained the knee at any flexion angle. Conclusions: A double femoral tunnel with an oblique fibular tunnel best restored native knee kinematics to the lateral side of the knee. Clinical Relevance: Although there are many different techniques to reconstruct the PLC-deficient knee, this study suggests that a single-graft, fibular-based reconstruction that replicates the femoral insertions of the lateral collateral ligament and popliteus will be able to restore varus and external rotation stability to the knee.

关键词： Fibula Popliteus Muscle tunnel rebuilding knee Lateral rotation programmable logic controllers

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Four-wave-mixing-based wavelength conversion using a single-walled carbon-nanotube-deposited planar lightwave circuit waveguide

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OPTICS LETTERS 2010年第12期35卷 2070-2072页

作者： Chow, K. K. Yamashita, S. Set, S. Y. Univ Tokyo Dept Elect Engn & Informat Syst Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan Alnair Labs Corp Setagaya Ku Tokyo 1540005 Japan

We demonstrated a single-walled carbon-nanotube-deposited planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide for four-wave-mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion. FWM is generated from the interaction between the propagating light through the PLC waveguide and the deposited carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the overcladding-removed core of the waveguide. The third-order nonlinearity of the CNTs is originated from the interband transitions of the pi electrons causing nonlinear polarization similar to other highly nonlinear organic optical materials. FWM-based tunable wavelength conversion of a 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero signal is achieved with a power penalty of 3 dB in the bit-error-rate measurements. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a CNT-technology-based device for integrated photonic applications. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

关键词： Four wave mixing Wavelength conversion Pi electrons Interband transition Waveguide Device Component Planar center-notch tensile specimen CARBON DEPOSITION programmable logic controllers Light waves

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