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An Experimental Study on Position Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Using programmable logic controller and Pneumatic Proportional Valves

An Experimental Study on Position Control of Pneumatic Cylin...

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AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, RCTEMME 2021

作者： Pham, Duc Thinh Tran, Dinh Son Tran, Xuan Bo Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811919671

This paper evaluates experimentally the position control ability of a pneumatic cylinder by using pneumatic proportional valves and a programmable logic controller. An experimental system consisting of a double acting pneumatic cylinder, two pneumatic proportional valves and a programmable logic controller is considered. A proportional-integral-differential controller is applied to control the cylinder position. The controller is evaluated by experimental system with step and square wave input signals. The evaluation results show that the used control method can provide good control performances with the absolute position accuracy less than 3% and the rise time less than 3 s. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Pneumatic cylinder Position control programmable logic controller Proportional control valve

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RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC MACHINING OF CYLINDER BASED ON IMPROVED programmable logic controller

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL 2024年第3期20卷 857-873页

作者： Cui, Biao Hebei Chem & Pharmaceut Coll Dept Elect Engn 88 Fangxing Rd Shijiazhuang 050026 Peoples R China

With the rapid development of traditional mechanical technology, the level of automation in the production and processing of products is also increasing to meet the higher requirements for product quality and performance. In order to solve the problems of low machining efficiency and high product failure rate in the existing automated machining system, this study designs an automated cylinder body machining system that combines a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an industrial computer. The study firstly optimized the machining trajectory of the machine tool in the automatic machining system, and designed a method of controlling the machining trajectory of the CNC machine tool based on PLC and computer technology, and on the basis of which the automatic machining process of the engine cylinder body was designed. The experimental results show that the machining error of the CNC machine tool under PLC control can be controlled within 0.03, and the trajectory control accuracy is between 0.81 and 0.95. In addition, it is found that the longest time taken by the machining system under PLC control is only 1.1 min, which is much lower than other control systems. In conclusion, the automatic production and machining system with PLC control can reach stability faster and the control time is shorter. The automatic machining system designed in this research can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the traditional machining system and provide a new control method for the optimization of automatic machining system.

关键词： programmable logic controller Cylinder Industrial computer Automation Production and processing

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Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Portable programmable logic controller (PLC) Kit for Industrial Automation and Control Education

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2023年第4期39卷 823-835页

作者： Hsieh, Sheng-Jen Tony Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA

A low-cost portable programmable logic controller (PLC) kit consisting of a controller module and three swappable special function modules - Basic I/O, Sensor, and Automated System - was designed, built, and evaluated. The special function modules can be quickly connected to or disconnected from the controller module to teach different aspects of automation and control, including PLC programming fundamentals, sensor applications in automation, I/O interfacing, and system integration concepts. The kits were used within an upper-level undergraduate manufacturing automation and robotics course to provide students the opportunity to practice programming fundamentals while still in the classroom and for a system integration project in which students built small-scale working models of automated systems. Kits with Basic I/O and Sensor modules were evaluated by 80 students and kits with the Automated System modules were evaluated by 12 students. Evaluation results suggest that the Portable PLC kit is both usable and useful for helping students to practice PLC programming concepts. Students appreciated the opportunity to immediately practice concepts taught during lecture and to visualize results. In addition, students who used Portable PLC to build an automated system found the experience to be helpful for understanding how to interface devices and for integrating the concepts learned in class.

关键词： programmable logic controller automated systems industrial automation education

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Practical test method for the sensitivity of programmable logic controller to voltage sags and short interruptions

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IET CIRCUITS DEVICES & SYSTEMS 2020年第6期14卷 830-837页

作者： Xu, Zhong Mo, Wenxiong Gui, Liangyu Ma, Zhiyuan Xiao, Xianyong Guangzhou Power Supply Bur Ltd Elect Power Test & Res Inst Guangzhou Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Elect Engn Chengdu Peoples R China

Voltage sag and short interruption lead to the tripping of sensitive equipment and cause the economic loss of the industry users. A programmable logic controller (PLC) is essential equipment used in the industrial process. However, there is no detailed understanding of the sensitivity of PLC under voltage sag and short interruption. The response characteristic of PLC under voltage sag is studied. This study proposes a new testing method, called the dichotomy test method (DTM) to do the test. This study builds the testing platform and tests the sensitivity of six PLCs from five famous PLC manufacturers. The testing considers the characteristics of voltage sag, including magnitude, duration, point-on-wave, phase-angle-jump, different supply voltage, slow recovery voltage sag, multiple voltage sags and so on. The tests prove that DTM has the advantage of accuracy, robustness and workload, compared with the traditional test method. The quantitative and qualitative response characteristics of PLC under voltage sag are obtained.

关键词： control engineering computing power supply quality programmable controllers practical test method programmable logic controller short interruption lead dichotomy test method slow recovery voltage sag multiple voltage sags traditional test method

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Conveyor belt experiment setup for programmable logic controller education

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2020年第3期60卷 258-272页

作者： Tepe, Cengiz Aslan, Abidin Sefa Eminoglu, Ilyas Ondokuz Mayis Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Samsun Turkey Ondokuz Mayis Univ Dept Mech Engn Samsun Turkey

programmable logic controllers (PLC) have been one of the most widely used controllers in industry. They have a graphical programming language interface resambling the relay panels which they are intended to replace so that the transition from relay panels might be swift and smooth. Although learning this programming language is easy, real life experiments are essential for students to gain greater understanding of the logic behind the language. However, it is generally too expensive to provide an experimental set-up for students to test their theoretical knowledge. For this reason, a conveyor and feeder system was developed as a low cost 3D printable design using a CAD program and implemented for use in a control laboratory. Using this conveyor set-up, students can experience how to program a practical example of a PLC devices used in industry together with an introduction to actuators and sensors. Reading actual sensors and using actuators via the inputs and outputs of a PLC to control a real life system will be far more effective than simulator alternatives.

关键词： programmable logic controller conveyor belt sorter education

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Smart Home Environment Management Using programmable logic controller

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ENGINEERING LETTERS 2020年第4期28卷 1174-1181页

作者： Cheng, Yu-Huei Chao, Pei-Ju Liang, Hsin-Ying Kuo, Che-Nan Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Informat & Commun Engn Taichung 413310 Taiwan Duy Tan Univ Int Sch 254 Nguyen Van Linh Danang Vietnam CTBC Financial Management Coll Dept Artificial Intelligence Tainan 709 Taiwan

The trend of smart home applications is growing, and the final operation and calculation are still needed to go back to the automatic control technologies of the system. Automatic control focuses on the flexibility and finesse of control. The programmable logic controller (PLC) has the advantages of simple function, high speed, high reliability, high noise resistance, and high stability, which is very beneficial for automatic control applications. Therefore, this study applies PLC combined with the home environment to complete the multi-faceted home automation control functions. In order to facilitate the operation and use of the various home environment, this study uses the human-computer interaction interface to humanize the integration of home control related functions. In addition, we through the ladder diagrams to show the various plans and cooperation of home control and to achieve a variety of home automation control functions, including anti-theft control, lighting control, temperature control, fire control, and sleep mode. Finally, a small house that simulates a home situation is used to demonstrate the home automation function achieved. This study will help to derive PLCs into future smart homes to provide more stable and efficient home automation control functions.

关键词： Smart home environment management programmable logic controller human-computer interaction interface simulation house

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A malware detection method using satisfiability modulo theory model checking for the programmable logic controller system

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2022年第16期34卷 e5724-e5724页

作者： Xie, Yaobin Chang, Rui Jiang, Liehui State Key Lab Math Engn & Adv Comp Zhengzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou Peoples R China

Nowadays programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are suffering increasing cyberattacks. Attackers could reprogram PLCs to inject malware that would cause physical damages and economic losses. These PLC malwares are highly customized for the target which makes it difficult to extract a general pattern to detect them. In this article, we propose a PLC malware detection method based on model checking. Firstly, we improve the existing modeling method for PLC system by using the Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) constraints to model the PLC system. We also present an algorithm that can transform the PLC program to the model. Our SMT-based model can deal with the features of the PLC system such as undetermined input signals, edge detection and so on. Secondly, we focus on malware detection and propose two methods, invariant extraction and rule design pattern, to generate detection rules. The former can extract the invariants from an original program, and the latter can lower the bar for user to design detection rules. Finally, we implement a prototype and evaluate it on three representative ICS scenarios. The evaluation result shows that our proposed method can successfully detect the malwares using four attack patterns.

关键词： malware detection model checking programmable logic controller satisfiability modulo theories

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Toward Reliable programmable logic controller Function Block Diagrams

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 166137-166146页

作者： Zhao, Jianyong Tao, Zhe Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Inst Intelligent & Software Technol Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used in industrial electronic systems. With the augmenting complexity of system, the reliability poses a crucial challenge in safety critical applications. This paper proposes a formal modeling and verification approach for programming function block diagrams. Function block diagrams are formalized in a logic specification system. We consider the equivalence checking problem which occurs frequently between design implementations under different performance constraints. We present a novel method to harness a powerful co-induction proof strategy with bisimulation to establish the equivalence in a higher-order logic theorem proving system. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by a real industry application example with key scenarios. The soundness and the completeness of our approach are substantiated.

关键词： Real-time systems Model checking Elevators Programming Computer languages Testing Syntactics Bisimulation function block diagram programmable logic controller

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programmable logic controller based Automatic Voltage and Frequency Control of MicroGrid To Study load characteristics of MicroGrid

Programmable Logic Controller based Automatic Voltage and Fr...

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55th Annual IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (ICPS)

作者： Zia, Aamir Saeed, Awais Malik, Qasim Univ Management & Technol Elect Engn Dept Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538675519

The Electrical Grid (EG) is considered to function as an arrangement residing of distribution, transmission and generation with the help and support of different controlling devices to sustain system constancy, productivity & reliability. Operation and control of three phase MicroGrid is about productive control and monitoring. This involves the stability of voltages and frequency at generator Bus Bar (BB). This is effectuated by maintaining the field excitation voltages of Synchronous Generator (SG) to have 380V/440V at the BB. Furthermore, frequency at the Bus Bar is maintained at approximately 50Hz by supervising the speed of prime mover. Over and done with these projects, the undergraduate students, in accumulation to triumph used to with the fundamentals of Electrical Machines. For the institution, excellence laboratory instrument was established at a low cost;it is rigid, reliable and provides maximum learning outcomes of MicroGrid. Inclusion of Synchronous Machine based Distributed Generator's to enhance stability of MicroGrid which is its biggest concern.

关键词： Electrical Grid Control & Operation programmable logic controller Prime Mover MicroGrid BusBar Electrical Machines Synchronous Generator

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Post-exploitation and Persistence Techniques Against programmable logic controller 2nd

Post-exploitation and Persistence Techniques Against Program...

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18th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS)

作者： Bytes, Andrei Zhou, Jianying Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9783030616380;9783030616373

The rising appearance of system security threats against real-world Critical Infrastructure (CI) sites over the past years brought significant research attention into the security of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Academic institutions and major industrial appliance vendors have since increased efforts on effective vulnerability discovery in these systems. However, from the investigation of the major recent ICS incidents, it is evident that a targeted post-exploitation chain plays a crucial role for an attack to succeed. After the initial access to the system is gained, typically through a previously unknown (zero-day) or unpatched vulnerability, weak credentials or insider assistance, a specific knowledge on the system architecture is applied to achieve stealthy and persistent presence in the system before the physical process is disrupted. In this work, we propose a set of post-exploitation and persistence techniques against WAGO PFC200 Series programmable logic controller (PLC). It will help to raise the awareness of stealthy and persistent threats to PLCs built on top of the variations of CODESYS runtime.

关键词： programmable logic controller Vulnerability discovery Industrial control system security

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