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30th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Engineering and Sciences

作者： Long, Zhenyu Li, Jun Yang, Hongwei Guo, Boyun Chen, Kangping Wang, Biao Zhan, Jiahao Guan, Lichen China Univ Petr Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Univ Louisiana Lafayette LA 70503 USA Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031774911;9783031774898;9783031774881

With the current trend of low product quality of oil and gas resources becoming more and more obvious, deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas have become an important field of oil and gas development in various countries. Deepwater oil and gas reservoirs are characterised by complex geological conditions and a narrow window of safe density, leading to the frequent occurrence of such complications as downhole kicks and overflows, which seriously threaten the lives of engineers and pollute the environment. The prerequisite for dealing with kick is to shut-in, but currently the drilling site shut-in relies on manual operation by multiple engineers, which not only takes a long time to operate, but is also affected by the subjective factors of the engineers. With the maturity of automation and artificial intelligence theory, well control shut-in also needs to develop in the direction of automation and intelligence, and carry out the research of well control automation shut-in system, so that the well can be shut-in quickly, automatically and efficiently when the drilling site kicks, blowouts and other complex situations. In this paper, using statistics and machine vision algorithms, an intelligent identification method of shut-in equipment operation status is established, and at the same time, a well control automated shut-in simulation system is designed based on PLC, and automated shut-in tests are carried out. The results show that the method of intelligent identification of operating status of shut-in equipment can identify the choke opening, the closure of each blowout preventer, and the working status of mud pump and top drive system in real-time without modifying the original equipment, and meanwhile, the well control automated shut-in simulation system can complete the shut-in within 5 min. This shows that the deepwater drilling well control automated shut-in method and simulation system can replace the engineer's operation to a certain extent, which provides

关键词： well control automatic shut-in programmable logic controller computer vision

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Design and Optimization of a Citrus Essential Oil Extraction System by Steam Distillation with Automated Control in Lima, Peru 9

Design and Optimization of a Citrus Essential Oil Extraction...

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9th International Conference on Automation, Control and Robotics Engineering (CACRE)

作者： Torres-Taipe, Anderson Luigui Zevallos-Crisostomo, Nikolt Mijail Sullca-Mendoza, Yordan Cesar Berann-Espiritu, Manuel Michael Univ Continental Sch Mechatron Engn Huancayo Peru

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350319;9798350350302

The production of essential oils is widely used in the world to combat various diseases. In addition, these oils are essential in the seasoning and flavoring of food and have applications in the field of cosmetology, helping to reduce environmental pollution by avoiding the use of chemical products. Peru is one of the fourteen most outstanding countries for its rich biodiversity in flora and fauna, and is also the sixth largest exporter of citrus fruits in the world. Therefore, a citrus essential oil extraction process is analyzed through the design of an industrial-scale essential oil distillation machine. This design includes the automation of the filling and emptying of the distiller to improve the results, as well as the implementation of a closed-loop control system for cooling. The objective is to facilitate operator control and monitoring of the cooling and water filling process through a control panel. After analyzing the distillation process, an average of 1% to 2% of essential oil and 50% of citrus peel hydrolate has been obtained, setting a new standard in the production of essential oils in the country.

关键词： Steam distillation Natural essences Automated control Essence distillation equipment Citrus peel programmable logic controller

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Integrating Computer Vision in a CODESYS PLC to Enable Intelligent Object Identification 9

Integrating Computer Vision in a CODESYS PLC to Enable Intel...

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9th International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering (ICOM)

作者： Filimonov, Daniil Onabek, Abdirakhman Smolyarchuk, Kir Alizadeh, Tohid Nazarbayev Univ Robot Engn SEDS Astana Kazakhstan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349795;9798350349788

This research investigates the synergy between computer vision and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) for enhancing material recycling efficiency. Focusing on aluminum can and glass bottle recycling, this study develops and simulates a user-centric vending machine system. The system employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) for accurate object recognition, integrated with a PLC-based control system via the OPC UA communication protocol. By incentivizing recycling through discount offers, the vending machine aims to promote sustainable waste management practices. Successful simulation demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, highlighting the potential for computer vision and PLC integration in the development of advanced recycling solutions.

关键词： Convolutional neural network Computer vision programmable logic controller Industrial automation OPC UA

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PLC Programming Instruction: A Review of Popular Software Platforms for Enhanced Learner Outcomes 9

PLC Programming Instruction: A Review of Popular Software Pl...

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9th International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering (ICOM)

作者： Alizadeh, Tohid Akhtarshenas, Azim Karimi, Navab Soleimani, Hossein Alizadeh, Abdollah Nazarbayev Univ Dept Robot Astana Kazakhstan Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Telecommun Engn Valencia Spain Univ Kentucky Dept Biosyst Engn Lexington KY USA Tech & Vocat Univ Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran Univ Bonab Dept Elect Engn Bonab Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349795;9798350349788

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are crucial in industrial automation, making proficiency in their use an essential skill for engineering students. Choosing the right platform for teaching PLC programming in universities, however, may be challenging. This paper summarizes, compares and evaluates various software platforms used in universities. The leading platforms could be identified based on a defined criteria framework encompassing cost, accessibility, learning curve, industry relevance, supported languages, and additional features. Through detailed examination and discussion, the platforms that offer the most efficient and effective learning experience for PLC programming education in universities could be identified. This selection should further be justified by considering additional factors like instructor experience, student preferences, institutional support, and geographical location. This paper not only highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different platforms but also provides valuable insights and recommendations for universities seeking to optimize their PLC programming curriculum. The findings hold the potential to enhance the quality of PLC programming education, better preparing students for successful careers in automation-driven industries.

关键词： programmable logic controller PLC industrial automation PLC programming Industry 4.0 PLC software automation instruction PLC programming instruction

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A Binary Level Verification Framework for Real-Time Performance of PLC Program in Backhaul/Fronthaul Networks 59

A Binary Level Verification Framework for Real-Time Performa...

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59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Zhang, Xuankai Wu, Jun Li, Jianhua Bashir, Ali Kashif Sang, Chao Pei, Bei Omar, Marwan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Manchester Metropolitan Univ Dept Comp & Math Manchester Lancs England Minist Publ Secur Key Lab Informat Network Secur Shanghai Peoples R China IIT Informat Technol & Management Chicago IL 60616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

PLC control programs are vulnerable to real-time threats, where attackers can disrupt the backhaul/front-end network of industrial production by creating numerous loops or I/O operations, leading to severe consequences. Therefore, formal verification of PLC control logic at the binary level is essential. In this study, we introduce a framework designed for formal verification of PLC control logic at the binary level. Our verification framework is based on simulation execution, which extracts the core control logic from PLC binary code. Initially, we develop an efficient framework for automating the parsing of PLC programs at the binary level and constructing their control flow graphs (CFGs). Next, we devise an algorithm to transform the reversed PLC assembly program into an smv model, a widely accepted formal verification tool. Subsequently, we generate real-time requirements relevant to industrial production and perform formal verification on the constructed models. To assess the real-time performance of our framework in safeguarding PLC systems, we implement a prototype and evaluated it across various representative ICS scenarios. The evaluation results demonstrate the capability of our proposed approach to effectively detect synchronization threats in PLC logic control programs.

关键词： malware detection model checking programmable logic controller formal verification

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EtherCAT-Enabled Depth Camera for Safe Human-Robot Collaboration

EtherCAT-Enabled Depth Camera for Safe Human-Robot Collabora...

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IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)

作者： Gsellmann, Peter Steinegger, Tobias Buchner, Christoph Schreiber, Georg TU Wien Automat & Control Inst ACIN Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355376;9798350355369

This paper presents a novel integration approach to enable EtherCAT-bus connection for commercial depth cameras. Thereby, a microcontroller-based EtherCAT slave is designed which controls the data transmission from the depth camera onto the fieldbus. As a demonstration case, a human-robot collaboration application is designed, where the proposed camera module monitors a five-axis robotic arm, thus ensuring safety through timely obstacle detection, and execution of safety stops. Achieving data transmission rates exceeding 25 Mbit/s and detection times under 25 ms, the implemented system outperforms existing technologies in human-robot collaboration, which allows to reduce the minimal safety distance to 75 mm.

关键词： programmable logic controller vision-based systems robotics

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A smart PLC-SCADA framework for monitoring petroleum products terminals in industry 4.0 via machine learning

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MEASUREMENT & CONTROL 2022年第7-8期55卷 830-848页

作者： Rashad, Ossama Attallah, Omneya Morsi, Iman Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Alexandria 1029 Egypt

The paper introduces a programmable logic controller (PLC) / Human Machine Interface (HMI) system incorporated along with machine learning (ML) classifiers. Although some other studies have incorporated ML techniques to predict and control petroleum product terminals in terms of concentration, the proposed framework incorporates Add On Instruction (AOI) programming, PLC, and ML methods to automatically monitor petroleum products terminals. The framework adds an AOI in programming to achieve maximum usage of processor capabilities. Moreover, it uses AOI for programming in cooperation with the ladder diagram (LD). This leads to simplifying the LD graphical programming language, reducing the time of scanning, and making facilitate troubleshooting. The AOI is merged with ML to automate tank level detection and maintain good operational conditions and consequently protect these expensive essential assets. The introduced framework consists of three stages. The first stage is the PLC programming phase where the PLC is created using Add-On instructions. Next, HMI graphic displays are drawn and linked to the PLC tags in the following stage. During the third stage, the actual process readings are applied to the system based on ML algorithms to test its functionality. The proposed system results indicates a reduction in the LD number, highest program size, and maximum time of scanning. The results indicate that the AOI can help to trace the program more easily in fault situations. Besides, additional program instructions could reduce processor memory, system construction costs, and upgrade projects.

关键词： industry 4 0 SCADA HMI programmable logic controller real-time systems oil refinery process petroleum products machine learning level detection

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Practical Implementation of a Hydro Power Unit Active Power Regulation Based on an MPC Algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2022年第1期37卷 243-253页

作者： Beus, Mateo Pandzic, Hrvoje Univ Zagreb Fac Elect Engn & Comp Dept Energy & Power Syst Zagreb 10000 Croatia

Traditionally, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based hydro turbine governors are mainly used due to their robustness and simple implementation. However, the weakness of these controllers is their design based on linear models and fixed parameters structure. This implies that the controller's parameters are usually calculated for the critical operating point leading to the controller's underperformance when operating away from the critical operating point. This paper introduces a Model Predictive Control (MPC) based hydro turbine's governor load/frequency controller whose linear prediction model parameters are updated depending on the operating point. The main intention of the paper is to reduce the gap between theoretical contributions and industrial practice. The experimental validation is achieved by implementing the introduced MPC algorithm to a laboratory hydro power plant's governor programmable logic controller (PLC) and comparing its response with the responses of the gain-scheduled PI (GS-PI) controller, PI controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-PI) and the controller based on exponential control law (EXP).

关键词： Hydraulic turbines Power generation Prediction algorithms Predictive models Predictive control Power system stability Load modeling Load frequency control Pelton turbine programmable logic controller model predictive control turbine governor

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A novel gas turbine simulator for testing hybrid solar-Brayton energy systems

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2022年 268卷

作者： Pan, Tianyao Shen, Jiong Laumert, Bjorn Wang, Wujun KTH Royal Inst Technol Dept Energy Technol S-10044 Stockholm Sweden Southeast Univ Sch Energy & Environm Minist Educ Key Lab Energy Thermal Convers & Control Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

A novel gas turbine simulator is developed to establish controllable boundaries for investigating the characteristics of key components in gas turbine based hybrid energy systems under different operating conditions. The gas turbine simulator consists of a compressed air system, an electrical heater, a mass flow controller, a proportional solenoid valve, a dual-flow choked nozzle, and a PLC-based control system. With the proposed control strategy, the fluid parameters, such as temperature, mass flow rate, and pressure, can be automatically regulated to simulate the boundary conditions of a gas turbine under various workloads. Experimental results for both cold and hot states have validated the capabilities of the gas turbine simulator to deliver convergent control results with fast response. The gas turbine simulator has demonstrated considerable performance in stabilizing system boundaries with the precision in terms of pressure control reaching +/- 0.004 bar for steady states, and +/- 0.018 bar to +/- 0.076 bar for transient states with mass flow and temperature perturbations. The gas turbine simulator can also accurately track linear and nonlinear trajectories during operating point migrations, and effectively limit deviations within +/- 0.037 bar.

关键词： Gas turbine simulator Concentrating solar power Choked nozzle Solenoid valve programmable logic controller

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Fault diagnosis of PLC-based discrete event systems using Petri nets

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MEASUREMENT & CONTROL 2022年第9-10期55卷 960-973页

作者： Li, Yongyao Wang, Ya Zhu, Guanghui Yin, Li Zhang, Huimin Macau Univ Sci & Technol Inst Syst Engn Taipa Macao Peoples R China Xuchang Univ Sch Elect & Mech Engn 88 Bayi Rd Xuchang 461000 Henan Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Coll Comp Sci & Engn Guilin Peoples R China

This paper addresses the fault diagnosis problem of PLC-based systems that can be modeled as Petri nets under a certain level of abstraction. The existing Petri-net-based fault diagnosis approaches often associate transitions and/or places with sensors and require that any change in sensor readings needs to be treated by a PLC, leading to a situation that the PLC would be too busy processing the changes in sensor readings to perform other tasks. This paper assumes that a PLC does not monitor the changes of readings of sensors all the time, but periodically reads the values of sensors when needed. The system output is defined as a marking sequence interleaved with possible observed transitions. A fault diagnosis algorithm is developed by defining and solving integer linear programing (ILP) problems whose size is regardless of the length of the system output. The proposed approach enjoys high computational efficiency compared with other ILP-based approaches and is more suitable for fault diagnosis of PLC-based systems with low computing power.

关键词： Petri net fault diagnosis programmable logic controller discrete event system

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