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ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE)

作者： Cann, Megan Speed, Robert Moreno, Abraham Azzouz, Salim Midwestern State Univ Wichita Falls TX 76308 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886694

The engineering team at Midwestern State University is working on a double planetary gearing transmission coupled by driving chains and sprockets. The ultimate purpose of this project is to manufacture and automate a transmission apparatus for the Machine Element Design Laboratory. The current team is the fourth team to work on this project and is tasked to build a better entry and exit shaft, as well as a braking system, and automate the entire system. The Willis Gearing Theory was used to determine the system's theoretical gear ratios. Next, the entry and exit shafts of the transmission, as well as the braking system, were designed using the SolidWorks CAD software. The blueprints were then sent out to a machine shop for manufacturing and then assembled. A programmable logic controller activated two linear actuators to move two keyed shafts at the entry and the exit of the transmission. An Arduino board was used to ensure safe placement of the braking blocks. It is expected that a future team will complete the PLC programming, measure the mechanical advantage of the system to compare to the theoretical velocity ratio, determine the efficiency of the transmission, and create a lab manual.

关键词： transmission planetary gearset clutch system brake system automation programmable logic controller PLC mechanical engineering sensors actuators

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A watchdog model for physics-based anomaly detection in digital substations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION 2024年 44卷

作者： Tarazi, Hussam Sutton, Sara Olinjyk, John Bond, Benjamin Rrushi, Julian Oakland Univ Sch Engn & Comp Sci Rochester Hills MI 48309 USA

The security of cyber-physical systems (CPS) presents new challenges stemming from computations that work primarily with live physics data. Although there is a body of previous research on detection of malware on CPS, more effective designs are needed to address limitations such mimicry attacks and other forms of evasive techniques. Relay algorithms in particular, such as differential and harmonic protection algorithms, are essential to protecting physical equipment such as power transformers from faults. Relay algorithms, though, are often disabled, altered, or otherwise suppressed by malware. In this paper, we first provide background on the main types of failures that may occur in an electrical power substation after relay algorithms are disabled by malware. We also provide some initial insights into malware methods that involve physics -informed data manipulations, which in turn may lead to power outages and physical damage to power transformers. We then describe the design of a watchdog algorithm that is continuously on the look out for anomalies in the execution time of relay algorithms along with their associated performance counters. We implemented the watchdog approach in Python, and evaluated it empirically on emulations of differential and harmonic protection algorithms on a computing machine.

关键词： Cyber physical system Human machine interface Industrial control system programmable logic controller Watchdog Sampled measure values SCL programming language

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Fault Information Processing of Power Dispatching Communication System Combining MMSE Algorithm and LMS

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 184529-184540页

作者： Pan, Lianrong Yang, Xiao Fu, Yuan Hu, Yuyang Yuan, Shangbin Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd Elect Power Dispatching & Control Ctr Nanning 530000 Peoples R China

As the scale of power dispatching communication system expands day by day, it becomes more and more difficult for operators to deal with fault information. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an excellent fault information processing method for power dispatching communication system. Aiming at the defects of the existing power dispatching communication system, such as difficult to locate the fault information, low efficiency and poor accuracy, the research first introduces the minimum mean square error detection algorithm, and improves this algorithm. Then, the study utilizes the programmable logic controller communication system to complete the processing and analysis of the noise signal information. Second, the study also selects orthogonal frequency division multiplexing to improve the least mean square filtering algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of prediction. Finally, the study establishes a novel fault information processing model for the power dispatching communication system by combining the least mean square error detection algorithm and the least mean square filtering algorithm. The outcomes indicated that the relative errors of this model in predicting electrical and mechanical faults and environmental faults were only 0.41% and 0.21%, respectively. In addition, compared with the rest of the commonly used models, the fault localization accuracy of this model reached 99.08%. It not only effectively improved the fault localization accuracy by more than 13.77%, but also reduced the average number of iterations by more than 47.23. It can be concluded that the fault information processing model by combining the two improved algorithms can effectively improve the accuracy of fault localization and provide an efficient and feasible solution for the fault information processing of power dispatching communication system.

关键词： Noise Communication systems Detection algorithms Interference Accuracy Mathematical models Information processing Power grids Mean square error methods Detectors Minimum mean square error least mean square power dispatching communication faults programmable logic controller

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Practical Implementation of Anti-Skew Fuzzy logic controller for Semi-Gantry Crane 26

Practical Implementation of Anti-Skew Fuzzy Logic Controller...

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26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics

作者： Krupiarz, Przemyslaw Bartecki, Krzysztof Opole Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Automat Control & Informat Opole Poland Opole Univ Technol Dept Control Sci & Engn Opole Poland

ISBN: (数字)9781665468589

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468596;9781665468589

This paper presents a case study of a 4 input 1 output Fuzzy logic controller implementing the anti-skew control for a semi-gantry crane. It was necessary due to the wear and tear caused by the skewed movement and the braking resistor overheating. The control system is designed to monitor two analog proximity sensors, measuring the carriage-to-rail distance as well as the torque feedback from the drives. The fuzzy algorithm is implemented on a programmable logic controller and controls the Variable Frequency Drives through digital and analog signals. The proposed control system performed as intended, by preventing the traveling motors from the generator work and the crane from skewing.

关键词： Fuzzy logic controller anti-skew semi-gantry crane programmable logic controller Variable Frequency Drive

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FPGA-PLC-based multi-channel position measurement system

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2021年 115卷 234-249页

作者： Patel, Dhruv M. Shah, Ankit K. Gujarat Technol Univ Instrumentat & Control Engn Ahmadabad Gujarat India Gujarat Technol Univ LD Coll Engn Instrumentat & Control Engn Dept Ahmadabad 380015 Gujarat India Gujarat Technol Univ Instrumentat & Control Engn Ahmadabad Gujarat India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Inst Technol SVIT Instrumentat & Control Engn Dept Vasad 388306 Gujarat India

The existing programmable logic controller (PLC) based on microprocessors (mu p) or micro-controllers (mu c) are commonly used in the industry for various instrumentation and control applications. PLC exhibits limitations such as less flexibility, poor scanning time, slower speed, and degraded response for high-speed industrial applications due to its fixed hardware and serial execution mechanism. A new Field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based PLC multi-channel High Speed Counter (HSC) module has been proposed, enhancing performance and flexibility compared to the existing PLC-HSC module. The proposed FPGA-PLC-HSC module has a 2-phase 2-Input counter with resolutions of 1X, 2X, and 4X which improve performance in terms of accuracy for position speed, and direction measurement applications. The FPGA-PLC-HSC module is implemented with the feedback node method and the shift register method inside LabVIEW FPGA along with device utilization. The simulation results show that the FPGA-PLC-HSC module has faster scanning time, good linearity, better resolution, maximum supporting input frequency, and counting frequency. For experimental purposes, an optical encoder M110960 (E8P 512 118 S D M B) with a signal conditioning circuit is connected to the NI-myRIO-1900 FPGA platform. The experimental results point out that the proposed FPGA-PLC-HSC module offers faster scanning time, better accuracy and linearity in 1X, 2X, and 4X resolution. (C) 2021 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： programmable logic controller High speed phase counters Field programmable Gate Array Position measurement

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Auto-tuning of PID Parameters with programmable logic controller

Auto-tuning of PID Parameters with Programmable Logic Contro...

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IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

作者： Dilsad Engin Mustafa Engin Department of Control and Automation Technology Ege University Ege Higher Vocational School Bornova Izmir 35100 Turkey Department of Electronic Technology Ege University Ege Higher Vocational School Bornova Izmir 35100 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355599

In this study, PID control algorithm for a level control system is designed and applied to a programmable logic controller in order to meet the requirements of engineering students' hands on training on PID control of processes. The auto-tuning mode of operation based on PID analog measurements in a closed-loop control system is preferred to present how stable, less time consuming solution it is. Trial and error method is also used for determining PID parameters in order to compare the results with the auto-tuning method.

关键词： PID control auto-tuning programmable logic controller level transmitter level control

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A Heterogeneous Redundant Architecture for Industrial Control System Security 27

A Heterogeneous Redundant Architecture for Industrial Contro...

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27th IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC)

作者： Dai, Zhihao Leeke, Matthew Ding, Yulong Yang, Shuang-Hua Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci Coventry CV4 7AL England Southern Univ Sci & Technol Shenzhen Key Lab Safety & Secur Next Generat Ind Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485555

Component-level heterogeneous redundancy is gaining popularity as an approach for preventing single-point security breaches in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), especially with regard to core components such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs). To take control of a system with componentlevel heterogeneous redundancy, an adversary must uncover and concurrently exploit vulnerabilities across multiple versions of hardened components. As such, attackers incur increased costs and delays when seeking to launch a successful attack. Existing approaches advocate attack resilience via pairwise comparison among outputs from multiple PLCs. These approaches incur increased resource costs due to them having a high degree of redundancy and do not address concurrent attacks. In this paper we address both issues, demonstrating a data-driven component selection approach that achieves a trade-off between resources cost and security. In particular, we propose (i) a novel dual-PLC ICS architecture with native pairwise comparison which can offer limited yet comparable defence against single-point breaches, (ii) a machine-learning based selection mechanisms which can deliver resilience against non-concurrent attacks under resource constraints, (iii) a scaled up variant of the proposed architecture to counteract concurrent attacks with modest resource implications.

关键词： Industrial Control System Security Redundancy programmable logic controller Machine Learning

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The Application of Industrial Automation Computer Control System

The Application of Industrial Automation Computer Control Sy...

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International Conference on Computing, Robotics and System Sciences (ICRSS)

作者： Zhang, Eryi Univ Coll Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464031

In the innovation and development of computer application industry, the scope of industrial automation computer application industry is more and more large, the overall development model in the market, economy, resources and other factors under the influence of new changes. Under the development trend of economic globalization, in the face of increasingly fierce competition in the market environment, in order to obtain more economic benefits and social effects, we should strengthen the technological innovation and research efforts at the same time, control the social necessary labor time, improve the efficiency of practical work, which is also the inevitable choice of industrial development in the new era. In this paper, on the basis of understanding the concept of computer control technology, according to the application research of industrial automation computer control system in recent years, focus on the computer control technology in industrial automation control system application direction, combined with practical cases, determine the future development direction of computer control system.

关键词： Industrial automation Computer control system Digital control programmable logic controller

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Simulation tool based structural text generation for programmable logic controllers

Simulation tool based structural text generation for program...

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作者： Patomäki, Kaarle Aalto University

学位级别：硕士

Model-based design is a relatively new technique of developing software for embedded systems. It aims to reduce the cost of the software development process by generating the code from a simulation model. The code is generated automatically using a tool that is developed for this purpose. This way the errors in the system can be found and eliminated early in the development process compared to traditional software development project for embedded systems. As mentioned, the tools are at the time of this study still relatively new, and especially when considering code that has to comply with functional safety standards, the code has to fulfill certain requirements and it has to be clear enough so that it can be traced back to each function of the model. This study aims to determine how well these methods can be used with software development for embedded systems in mind. More precisely, this thesis focuses on MathWorks’ Simulink as the modelling software, and CODESYS as the coding language of the programmable logic controller and ultimately the compatibility of these with each other. The workflow of a model-based design software generation process is determined and presented as the result of this study. That process includes building, testing and verifying the model, preparing it for code generation, configuring and using the code generation tool and finally verifying the generated code. An example model of a battery cell balancing system for the code generation process is built, and thus that area is also studied. In the end of this study, some different possible uses of this technique are briefly discussed as well as further possible areas of study regarding this topic.

关键词： model-based design functional safety programmable logic controller IEC 61131 Simulink PLC coder CODESYS

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AI for Trustworthy Security, Security for Trustworthy AI

AI for Trustworthy Security, Security for Trustworthy AI

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作者： Han, Yi Rutgers The State University of New Jersey School of Graduate Studies

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

Trustworthy operation of control systems and critical infrastructures, such as industrial control systems (ICS) or cyber physical systems (CPS) requires a secure and real-time code execution environment. Due to the importance and larger attack surfaces of these platforms, they are becoming attractive targets for malicious penetrations lead- ing to catastrophic failures with substantive impact. A promising defense against these attacks is to monitor the system states through physical side-channel signals. Physical side-channel monitors impose zero overhead to the target system, which is highly favorable for resource-constrained and real-time systems. Physical side-channel monitors are constructed based on side-channel signals in a data-driven fashion. Therefore, they benefit a lot from artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. AI has also been established as a popular class of algorithms for more general CPS such as autonomous systems. How- ever, the recently emerging studies on the adversarial robustness of AI models put their security in question: ”Are AI-powered systems as trustworthy as commonly thought?” This dissertation aims at investigating using AI to ensure trustworthy security and studying the security of AI-powered systems. First, I provide a tutorial-level discussion on utilizing structures in physical side-channel signals and AI models to construct physical side-channel monitors. Next, I look closer at Zeus, an AI-powered electromagnetic side-channel monitor I proposed. Zeus collects electromagnetic emanations from the micro-controller of a system and constructs a recurrent neural network-based anomaly detector to ensure the execution control flow integrity of the system. I evaluated Zeus on a commercial programmable logic controller (PLC) using real applications. Zeus was able to distinguish benign and malicious executions with an average accuracy of 98.8% and zero overhead. Additionally, I study the adversarial robustness of physical side-channel monit

关键词： Artificial intelligence programmable logic controller Chipwhisperer

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