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Control level simulation of an automatic storage and retrieval system in the automotive industry

CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2013年第1期21卷 13-25页

作者： Ko, Minsuk Park, Sang C. Chang, Minho Ajou Univ Dept Ind Informat & Syst Engn Suwon 441749 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Mech Engn Seoul 136701 South Korea

Conventional simulators have focused on the abstract aspects of an automatic storage and retrieval system, which mainly deals with design verification, alternative comparison, and system diagnosis. Although such simulators can provide overall system visibility by monitoring how well the process works, the simulation models are not sufficiently realistic for detailed design and implementation purposes. To address this problem, we propose a method of control level simulation of an automatic storage and retrieval system in an automobile plant. The proposed method involves four major steps: (1) designing the process and layout for effective storage and retrieval;(2) abstract simulation of the automatic storage and retrieval system;(3) preparing the mechanical design to obtain three-dimensional kinematic models and the electrical design to produce a control program and a plant model;and (4) control level simulation of the automatic storage and retrieval system, including both manual mode and automode simulations via a human-machine interface. The major benefit of the proposed method is the reduction of the construction time and effort required to validate the programmable logic controller program of a real automatic storage and retrieval system, since potential errors can be detected and fixed before actual implementation.

关键词： Automatic storage and retrieval system virtual manufacturing simulation programmable logic controller control level

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Adaptive under-voltage load shedding scheme for large interconnected smart grids based on wide area synchrophasor measurements

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2016年第8期10卷 1957-1968页

作者： Adewole, Adeyemi Charles Tzoneva, Raynitchka Apostolov, Alexander Cape Peninsula Univ Technol Ctr Substn Automat & Energy Management Syst Symphony Way ZA-7535 Cape Town South Africa

The existing local protection schemes for undervoltage protection in power systems are not engineered to protect the system against wide area disturbances. Therefore, system integrity protection schemes (SIPS) designed to preserve the integrity of the system are required. This study proposes a new response-based SIPS for adaptive undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) in large interconnected systems based on the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 synchrophasor measurements from widely dispersed phasor measurement units (PMUs) synchronised to the reference time of the global positioning system. The control signals to shed the feeder loads are based on high-speed IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages. The proposed adaptive UVLS-SIPS algorithm calculates in real-time the total amount of load to shed corresponding to the severity of the disturbance using the least squares algorithm. The amount of load to shed and its distribution across the interconnected system is based on a formulated reactive power mismatch and adaptive weighted summation real-time voltage stability assessment index, respectively. The proposed UVLS-SIPS algorithm was deployed onto a programmable logic controller (PLC), and was tested under various dynamic conditions using the New England 39-bus test system. Real-time simulations were conducted with an industrial-grade 'proof-of-concept' testbed.

关键词： load shedding smart power grids power system interconnection phasor measurement power system protection substation protection least squares approximations adaptive under-voltage load shedding scheme large interconnected smart grids wide area synchrophasor measurement unit local protection schemes undervoltage protection power systems system integrity protection schemes response-based SIPS IEEE C37.118.1-2011 synchrophasor measurements PMUs Global Positioning System control signals high-speed IEC 61850 generic object oriented substation event messages UVLS-SIPS algorithm least squares algorithm reactive power mismatch adaptive weighted summation real-time voltage stability assessment index programmable logic controller PLC New England 39-bus test system industrial-grade equipment phasor data concentrator me digital simulatormulator feeder loads

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Design of fuzzy logic control system incorporating human expert knowledge for combine harvester

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2010年第10期37卷 7080-7085页

作者： Omid, Mahmoud Lashgari, Majid Mobli, Hossein Alimardani, Reza Mohtasebi, Saeid Hesamifard, Reza Univ Tehran Fac Agr Engn & Technol Dept Agr Machinery Coll Agr & Nat Resources Karaj Iran Univ Arak Fac Agr Arak Iran Sharif Univ Technol Tehran Iran

Many factors affect the yield loss in wheat harvesting with a grain combine harvester. Grain harvesting is a non-linear process, is of considerable complexity, and there is no mathematical model to describe the behavior of this complex system. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) incorporating human expert knowledge is designed for automatic adjustment and control of the harvester to achieve minimal grain losses especially at the position of straw walker and upper sieve. The FLC automatically adjusts cylinder speed, concave clearance, fan speed and forward speed of the combine based on the measured losses at straw walker and sieve sections. The designed FLC expert system consists two inputs and four outputs. Trapezoidal membership functions were selected for input fuzzy linguistic variables (straw walker and sieve losses), whereas fuzzy singletons were considered for the outputs. Based on human expert knowledge, six rules with logical AND operator and Mamdani implication are extracted. FLC was implemented in a programmable logic controller (PLC). Field experiments in two different irrigated or non-irrigated cultivated areas in order to evaluate the system. It was found the losses at the position of straw walker and upper sieve in the irrigated wheat cultivated area is much higher than the dry wheat cultivation area. Statistical analysis using t-test was also indicated a significant difference (p < 1%) between loss mean in the combine equipped with the controller and the one without FLC. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Combine harvester Fuzzy logic controller Expert knowledge programmable logic controller

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Characterization of the coagulation process: wet-spinning tool development and void fraction evaluation

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TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL 2016年第11期86卷 1210-1219页

作者： Weisser, Pauline Barbier, Gerald Richard, Christophe Drean, Jean-Yves Univ Haute Alsace Lab Phys & Mecan Text LPMT EA 43 Mulhouse France Kermel SAS Colmar France

Since very little research has been published on the wet-spinning process, this article is a contribution to understanding the coagulation phenomenon. In this work, the effects of spinning parameters on the evolution of the void fraction of coarse polyamide-imide monofilaments were investigated. First of all, an experimental wet-spinning device was designed in our laboratory. Robust and reliable, this prototyping tool allows a fully automated production, ensuring the reproducibility of the different spinning tests. A four-factor Design of Experiments was built to analyze the effects and combinations between the following parameters: extrusion diameter, concentration of the coagulation bath and drawing rates applied in the coagulation bath and in the air. The results derived from a statistical analysis coupled to a scanning electron microscope study showed a highly significant influence of the concentration of solvent in the coagulation bath, concerning the evolution of the void fraction of the obtained monofilaments.

关键词： wet-spinning void fraction polyamide-imide spinning tool programmable logic controller

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Improving the feed-forward compensator in predictive control for setpoint tracking

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2014年第3期53卷 755-766页

作者： Valencia-Palomo, G. Rossiter, J. A. Lopez-Estrada, F. R. Inst Tecnol Hermosillo Hermosillo 83170 Sonora Mexico Univ Sheffield Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England Inst Tecnol Tuxtla Gutierrez Chiapas 29050 Mexico

Simple predictive control (MPC) algorithms produce a feed-forward compensator that may be a suboptimal choice. This paper gives some insights into this issue and simple means of modifying the feed-forward to produce a more systematic and optimal design. In particular, it is shown that the optimum procedure depends upon the underlying loop tuning and also that there are, as yet under utilised, potential benefits with regard to constraint handling procedures, which helps to improve the computational efficiency of the online controller implementation. A laboratory test in a programmable logic controller (PLC) was carried out to demonstrate the code on real hardware and the effectiveness of the solution. (C) 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Predictive control Tracking Feed-forward Performance programmable logic controller IEC 61131-3

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A Decomposition-Based Development Method for Industrial Control Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 93161-93174页

作者： Xiong, Jiawen Li, Ju Shi, Jianqi Huang, Yanhong East China Normal Univ Natl Trusted Embedded Software Engn Technol Res C Shanghai 200062 Peoples R China

Industrial control systems (ICSs), especially distributed control systems (DCSs), are usually composed of several subsystems. Each subsystem is controlled by a control unit such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a micro-controller and collaborates with other subsystems via the field bus, Ethernet, or other communication links. In the traditional development process, engineers program for each PLC separately and skillfully orchestrate the collaboration among subsystems, which is difficult and errorprone. The larger the scale of the ICS is, the higher the complexity of the collaboration is, and the more errorprone the development process is. In this paper, we propose a decomposition-based development method for distributed ICSs to reduce the difficulty of developing distributed ICSs whose subsystems cooperate with each other. First, we present a general event-triggered specification language named Industrial Modeling Collaboration Language (IMCL) for modeling ICSs;the language allows describing system functions and physical resources in one unified model. Second, we provide an approach for decomposing the complex system model into multiple fine-grained and interactive subsystem models. Specifically, under given resource constraints, we propose an automatic decomposition and collaboration algorithm based on the IMCL model to meet the original functional requirements. In this way, engineers can develop distributed control systems without considering the underlying complex interaction mechanisms. We present a case study to demonstrate it.

关键词： Automatic decomposition distributed control system industrial control system model collaboration model decomposition programmable logic controller

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Emulation-based control of a disassembly system for LCD monitors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2009年第3-4期40卷 383-392页

作者： Kim, H. -J. Kernbaum, S. Seliger, G. Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Tech Univ Berlin Dept Assembly Technol & Factory Management Inst Machine Tools & Factory Management D-10587 Berlin Germany

Growing environmental concern and increasing responsibility towards product stewardship lead companies to institute new concepts to improve the environmental performance of their products and processes. Particularly, end-of-life treatment of waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) is a challenge due to rapidly changing technologies and strongly growing volumes. Disassembly has great importance as a preliminary stage for a high-quality recycling. A partly automated disassembly system could adapt to a large variety of products and different degrees of devaluation. But developing control systems still require customization for each different product and process. Testing of them is a difficult and time-consuming process, and often impossible until all the equipment has been installed. Modern simulation technology allows one to connect simulation models with real controller systems. This paper will introduce advantages of an emulation approach for the control logic development and validation. The approach will be applied on a hybrid disassembly system for LCD monitors.

关键词： Disassembly Liquid crystal display Control code programmable logic controller Emulation OLE for process control

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On reducing PLC response time

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BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-TECHNICAL SCIENCES 2008年第3期56卷 229-238页

作者： Chmiel, M. Silesian Tech Univ Inst Elect PL-44100 Gliwice Poland

The dual core bit-byte CPU must be equipped with properly designed circuits, providing interface between the two processor units, and making it possible to exploit all its advantages like versatility of the byte unit and speed of the bit unit. First of all, the interface circuits should be designed in such a way, that they don't disturb maximally parallel operation of the units, and that the CPU as a whole works in the same manner as in a standard PLC. The paper presents hardware solutions supporting effective operation of PLC CPU-s. Possibilities of solving problems concerning data exchange between a CPU and peripheral circuits were presented, with a special stress on timers and counters and also on data exchange between the bit unit and the byte unit. The objective of the proposed solutions is to decrease the time necessary for a CPL to access is peripheries.

关键词： programmable logic controller Bit-Byte Structure of CPU Control Program Scan Time Response Time Throughput Time Timer Function Counter Function Concurrent Operation

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Interfacing technique and hardware-in-loop simulation of real-time co-simulation platform for wind energy conversion system

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第12期11卷 3030-3038页

作者： Jia, Feng Cai, Xu Lou, Yaolin Li, Zheng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Wind Power Res Ctr Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China China Windey Corp Floor 22Bldg A Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Donghua Univ Coll Sci & Technol North Renming Rd 2999 Shanghai Peoples R China

The wind energy conversion system is a complex dynamic system which contains multi-coupling and multi-time-scales. The commonly used simplified models are unable to uncover all the detailed dynamics. The real-time co-simulation platform based on real-time digital simulator and GH Bladed is built with a controller hardware-in-loop, in which the kinematics equation of generator rotor is used as the interface to decouple the different time scales, and a specific programmable logic controller is used to build the two-way communication. The effect of signal delay between the two simulation platforms is discussed and the stability of the system is analysed. The proposed co-simulation platform is able to show detailed dynamics of the whole turbine as well as the comprehensive effects of the controllers. The correctness and superiorities are verified by number of simulations.

关键词： wind power wind power plants rotors programmable controllers wind turbines hardware-in-the loop simulation power engineering computing interfacing technique hardware-in-loop simulation real-time co-simulation platform wind energy conversion system generator rotor programmable logic controller two-way communication signal delay

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PC-based data acquisition system for PLC-controlled linear switched reluctance motor

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TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2013年第1期21卷 71-80页

作者： Dursun, Mahir Ozden, Semih Gazi Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Fac Technol Ankara Turkey Gazi Univ Dept Elect Vocat Sch Ankara Turkey

In this study, a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) with 250 W, 6/4 poles, 3 phases, and 24 V was controlled with a programmable logic controller (PLC). Some parameters of the LSRM were set, and for PC monitoring, software developed by the authors was used. A serial port was used for communication between the PC and the PLC. The software was developed with Visual C#.Net 2008 for monitoring and controlling. This user interference allows for controlling of the motor's travelling distance with a running strategy. The first and second destination can be defined and the system provides that the motor operates between these points continuously. The phase and velocity currents of the motor were shown and curved with the software. The existing position of the motor and the number of pulses were determined and displayed with a linear incremental encoder. The windings of the motor phases were energized depending on their position using a classical bridge converter. This PLC-controlled LSRM study leads industrial practices and the educational sector to highlight the importance of linear motion, which is used in many implementations. Furthermore, all types of LSRMs can be used in the developed system.

关键词： Linear motor position control linear switched reluctance motor LSRM monitoring software programmable logic controller PLC

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