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Design of parallel conversion multichannel analog to digital converter for scan time reduction of programmable logic controller using FPGA

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2015年 39卷 12-21页

作者： Dhanabalan, G. Selvi, S. Tamil Kamaraj Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Spgc Nagar Virudhunagar India Natl Engn Coll Dept Elect & Commun Engn Kovilpatti India

The execution speed of a programmable logic controller (PLC) depends upon the number of analog and digital input it scans, complication in ladder diagram and the time to store the ladder diagram outputs in memory. Next to the ladder diagram, scanning of analog signals consume enough time as they have to be converted into digital. The two facts that limit the conversion speed is that the processor used for analog signal scanning can process only one channel at a time and the multichannel analog to digital converter (ADC) has digital output for only one channel. The hardware nature of field programmable gate array (FPGA) allows simultaneous conversion of all the analog signals into digital and storage of digital data in block RAM. The proposed design discusses the design of multichannel ADC using FPGA. The simulation result shows that the conversion time of 'n' channel ADC is 13.17 mu s. This increases the PLC execution speed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： programmable logic controller Analog to digital converter Analog input module Field programmable gate array Scan time

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A web-based educational tool using programmable logic controller-connected MATLAB-OPC server

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2015年第1期52卷 71-80页

作者： Aydogmus, Omur Firat Univ Fac Technol Dept Mechatron Engn TR-23169 Elazig Turkey

Many technological developments contribute to the progress of the education system. Especially, engineering education is affected by the latest developments in internet technology. Therefore, the engineering education system has to keep up with developing technology by using web-based systems. This work provides a convenient method to improve students' learning outcomes, their skills and their real-time experiences in multidisciplinary engineering education such as electrical, electronics, mechatronics and control engineering. In this study, a web-based real-time laboratory system was developed by using a programmable logic controller-connected MATLAB server via object linking and embedding for process control. The developed educational tool can be accessed on internet by the currently registered students. This remote accessible real-time mechatronic system consists of a programmable logic controller-connected MATLAB server, a water level tank, a servo pneumatic actuator, a pressure transmitter and two real-time cameras. The established system provides a real-time experience for students by using real instruments accessible on internet. This developed educational tool can be used as a complementary practice for some engineering courses such as sensors and actuators, control systems and industrial automation systems.

关键词： Engineering education programmable logic controller remote access lab web-based education

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Electrical Load controller for Rural Micro hydroelectric Systems using a programmable logic controller 2

Electrical Load Controller for Rural Micro hydroelectric Sys...

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IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference (IHTC)

作者： Kabalan, Mahmoud Tamir, Diane Singh, Pritpal Villanova Univ Elect & Comp Engn Villanova PA 19085 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989638

Micro-hydroelectric systems convert the energy of moving water into electric energy. In rural settings, micro hydroelectric systems are run at full power at all times to avoid the cost of expensive electromechanical controls. That in turn causes the generator to produce its maximum rated power. If the electric energy supply and demand are not matching, the generator eventually fails. Electronic load controllers have been proposed in the literature to better match the demand and supply. In this paper, an electrical load controller is implemented using a programmable logic controller (PLC). PLCs are used in industrial applications and can withstand high levels of dust, dirt and moisture making them very suitable for micro-hydroelectric applications. The proposed controller monitors the frequency of the generator. It will dynamically balance the system power by incrementing or decrementing the power rating of a resistive heating load. The controller was experimentally tested in a lab using a micro-hydroelectric emulator. The emulator includes a 13.8 kW generator, a 10 Hp motor, a motor drive and the PLC controller. The results showed that the PLC controller is a viable load control system for such an application.

关键词： load controller micro hydroelectric programmable logic controller rural electrification

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Evaluation of Optimization Solvers on programmable logic controller

Evaluation of Optimization Solvers on Programmable Logic Con...

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IEEE Conference on Control and Applications (CCA)

作者： Purohit, Amit Buch, Jyot ABB Corp Res Ctr Control & Optimizat Grp Bangalore 560048 Karnataka India UNC Charlotte 9201 Univ City Blvd Charlotte NC 28223 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479977871

programmable logic controller (PLC) is a reliable platform for regulatory control in industrial environment. Capability of PLC as an automation solution platform is getting enhanced over the years. Advancements in PLC capability open up possibility of deploying advanced control and optimization solutions on PLC. Optimization solver is primary building block of the advanced automation solutions;feasibility of deploying open source optimization solvers on PLC is uncertain because of platform related constraints. This work evaluates feasibility of deploying open source optimization solvers on PLC and highlights deployment challenges for PLC platform. Optimization complexity is varied using widely used generalized test functions to assess limitations of PLC platform. A realistic case study of parallel compressor train load allocation optimization is presented to validate the analysis findings and discuss a practical application of optimization on PLC platform.

关键词： optimisation programmable controllers PLC capability PLC platform automation solution platform generalized test functions industrial environment open source optimization solvers optimization complexity optimization solutions optimization solvers evaluation parallel compressor train load allocation optimization programmable logic controller regulatory control Automation Complexity theory Hardware Linear programming Memory management Optimization Resource management programmable logic controllers regulatory control factory environment Store management Complexity theory Automation management of resources linear programming Computer hardware Solvers logic controller Platform

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Discussion on Teaching of programmable logic controller for Outstanding Engineers Education

Discussion on Teaching of Programmable Logic Controller for ...

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2015 2nd International Conference on Creative Education(ICCE 2015)

作者： Bo Li Yue Li School of Automation Engineering Northeast Dianli University

The education and training for outstanding engineers is a comprehensive strategy. It relates to many aspects, such as curriculum development and teaching material selection, the investment of teaching equipments and experimental facilities, theory and practice teaching, performance evaluation mechanism, on campus study and off campus exercise, learning before graduation and application after graduation, and so on. It needs collaborative optimization and improvement together of these aspects. programmable logic controller(PLC) has become a required course in engineering colleges, because of its wide application prospect. In this paper, we analyze the factors that influence the teaching and training of outstanding engineers taking the course of PLC as an example, and we illustrate the technique and methods that mastering PLC programming taking a large number of sequence control in power plant as examples.

关键词： Outstanding engineers programmable logic controller Applied talents

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Graph Anomaly Detection in programmable logic controllers Based on Service Computing

Graph Anomaly Detection in Programmable Logic Controllers Ba...

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (IEEE ICWS)

作者： Wu, Huifeng Hu, Junjie Tian, Xi Xiao, Zeyun Sun, Danfeng Simon, Rene Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Key Lab Discrete Ind Internet Things Zhejiang Pro Hangzhou Peoples R China Harz Univ Appl Sci Dept Automat & Comp Sci Wernigerode Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368567;9798350368550

The rise of smart factories is driving the complete automation of manufacturing environments, making anomaly detection a more important task than ever. With highly intelligent equipment deployed on fully-automated production lines, even a slight anomaly may seriously impact the entire manufacturing process. However, most industrial data containing slight anomalous features exhibits strong correlations that are not fully exploited by existing machine learning models. In general, the anomaly detection model needs to run within programmable logic controllers (PLCs) since it is the main controller of the intelligent equipment, and PLCs have limited resources making it difficult to execute larger models effectively. To address the challenge, we propose a graph anomaly detection method in programmable logic controllers based on service computing (PCSC). The model establishes a data relationship graph through clustering and then feeds it into a neural network with a symmetric structure consisting of graph convolutional layers and LSTM units. This approach enables the analysis of correlations within industrial data and facilitates the extraction of slight abnormal features. For efficient execution of the model, we establish service computing nodes in the PLCs that support model splitting. We tested the model on several publicly available datasets and an actual dataset from an injection molding production line. The results show that the model performs well on different datasets.

关键词： anomaly detection programmable logic controller service computing graph neural networks

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Goosewolf: An Embedded Intrusion Detection System for Advanced programmable logic controllers

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DIGITAL THREATS: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023年第4期4卷 1-19页

作者： Allison, David Mclaughlin, Kieran Smith, Paul AIT Austrian Inst Technol GmbH Giefinggasse 4 Vienna Austria Queens Univ Belfast Room 0G 021ECIT Titan Quarter Belfast Antrim North Ireland Univ Lancaster Sch Comp & Commun Lancaster England

Critical infrastructures are making increasing use of digital technology for process control. While there are benefits, such as increased efficiency and new functionality, digitalization also introduces the risk of cyber-attacks to systems that support critical functions. A valuable target in these Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) controlling the machinery that manages a physical process. PLCs have proven to be vulnerable to a range of cyber-attacks in the past;however, newer technologies such as embedded servers and virtualization have the potential to improve this situation and be used to monitor a PLC's function. In this article, the implementation of a Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) for a modern PLC is described. This method uniquely makes use of native technologies on the PLC to monitor a dynamic simulated process in real time. Both the PLC's integrity (checksum, file size, etc.) and the process control are monitored to determine whether the PLC has been compromised in a cyber-attack. The proposed solution detects a range of attacks, even when the PLC's control logic is compromised and-unlike previous PLC HIDS methods-requires no modification of the underlying PLC technology.

关键词： programmable logic controller intrusion detection runtime verification industrial control systems

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Teaching programmable logic controllers: a hands-on and skill-building approach 7

Teaching programmable logic controllers: a hands-on and skil...

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IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS)

作者： Hansen, Esper Puggaard de Oliveira Hansson, Svend Koenig, Matthias Univ Southern Denmark Dept Technol & Innovat Sonderborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363029;9798350363012

programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are essential in process automation and production technology. Hence, educating students about PLCs and their usage is crucial to prepare skilled workers in relevant engineering fields. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary teaching approach combining technical and business perspectives in using PLCs. Besides such 'hard skills,' we encourage the students to become creative and learn to collaborate. We describe how our course is structured and how company visits are integrated. A student evaluation of our course is given and discussed. In general, the evaluation supports our approach.

关键词： programmable logic controller education business

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Towards Obfuscation of programmable logic controllers 23

Towards Obfuscation of Programmable Logic Controllers

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18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES)

作者： Cozza, Vittoria Dalla Preda, Mila Lucchese, Marco Merro, Massimo Zannone, Nicola Univ Verona Verona Italy Eindhoven Univ Technol Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798400707728

Recently published scan data on Shodan shows how 105K Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) around the world are directly accessible from the Internet. In particular, highly sensitive components, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are potentially accessible to attackers who can implement several kinds of attacks. On the other hand, to accomplish non-trivial cyber-physical attacks the attacker must possess a suffcient degree of process comprehension on the physical processes within the target ICS. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of designing obfuscation strategies to prevent the attacker from comprehending the behavior of the physical process within an ICS by accessing PLC memory registers. We propose two generic obfuscation strategies for PLC memories, involving memory registers, PLC code, and simulated physical processes controlled by the obfuscated PLCs. We then measure the effectiveness of the proposed obfuscation strategies in terms of potency, resilience, and cost on a non-trivial case study.

关键词： Code obfuscation Process comprehension programmable logic controller

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Automation of Weight-Based Sorting System Using programmable logic controllers

Automation of Weight-Based Sorting System Using Programmable...

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18th Control Instrumentation System Conference (CISCON)

作者： Saibabu, P. Chenchu Anjana, R. Kumari, Manisha Srinivasan, C. R. Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Instrumentat & Control Engn Manipal Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811969157;9789811969133;9789811969126

Material sorting is an integral part of modern-day industries. In these industries, the production are made in batches ranging from several dozen to several thousand units, and thus, the raw material or any material used is also in abundance for example in case of coal industry, scrap industry, or in any industry that it's quantity based or weight based factor that effects the production can be implemented. Using manual labour for sorting of material is expensive, time consuming and inefficient. This problem can be solved by automating the material sorting. In this paper, we have discussed how we have developed a system that effectively sorts the material according to weight using PLC as the controller. Sensor that is used for implementing the idea is a load cell which was kept under the specially designed conveyor to measure the weight of the object and then that in turn gives the analogous signal which is amplified and given to the PLC unit which gives signals to the respective solenoid valve and conveyor for sorting process.

关键词： Sorting system ANSYS programmable logic controller S7-1200

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