programmable logic controllers (PLC) devices play an important role in automation systems;therefore, technicians must have adequate training with these devices. If a student wants to learn about PLCs, they will find t...
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programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are computer-based digital systems with wide application areas, from simple traffic control to complex electrical power grids, and from environmental control systems to process co...
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programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are computer-based digital systems with wide application areas, from simple traffic control to complex electrical power grids, and from environmental control systems to process control. PLCs typically consist of a power supply, central processing unit (CPU) and digital and analogue inputs and outputs. In this series of articles we will focus on the hardware design tasks related to the analogue inputs and outputs.
Since programmable logic controllers (PLCs) ushered in Industry 3.0 more than 50 years ago, they have remained one of the cornerstones of automation. PLCs are industrial computers used to control various electro-mecha...
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Since programmable logic controllers (PLCs) ushered in Industry 3.0 more than 50 years ago, they have remained one of the cornerstones of automation. PLCs are industrial computers used to control various electro-mechanical processes in manufacturing facilities and automation environments.
Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have come a long way since their inception in the 1980s as computers became more prevalent in manufacturing, and today's optimized plants deserve optimized HMI designs. HMIs were de...
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Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have come a long way since their inception in the 1980s as computers became more prevalent in manufacturing, and today's optimized plants deserve optimized HMI designs. HMIs were developed so that humans could interact with the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) introduced in the 1970s to replace hard- wired relay logic.
Though introduced about 50 years ago, many extruders in operation today are still running with no PLCs. What's at risk? Increased downtime and scrap, machine damage and, more importantly, the health and welfare of...
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Though introduced about 50 years ago, many extruders in operation today are still running with no PLCs. What's at risk? Increased downtime and scrap, machine damage and, more importantly, the health and welfare of employees. programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are plant-floor computers that go back to the 1970s, when they ushered in a new area in industrial automation, now known as Industry 3.0.
Traditionally, hydro turbine governor applications mainly rely on classical proportional-integral-derivative controllers. A classical controller can perform optimally only at the operating point chosen during the cont...
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Traditionally, hydro turbine governor applications mainly rely on classical proportional-integral-derivative controllers. A classical controller can perform optimally only at the operating point chosen during the controller design. Since hydro power plants are highly non-linear systems alternative control approaches based on adaptive parameters are needed. Historically, due to the limited computation capabilities of microprocessors and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in hydro turbine governors, adaptive control schemes were not frequently applied. However, the latest generation of microprocessors and PLCs facilitate the application of adaptive control scheme based on predictive control algorithm for plants with faster dynamic behaviour. In that regard, this study introduces an adaptive controller based on model predictive control (MPC) algorithm developed and applied to a non-linear simulation model of a laboratory hydro power plant. The applied MPC algorithm is based on a linear prediction model whose parameters are identified offline for different operating points across the plant's operating range. The adaptive control scheme updates the prediction model parameters depending on the current operating point. Furthermore, the predictive control algorithm applied in this study is set up as a quadratic programming (QP) optimisation problem that is solved online using a QP solver in a form of Hildreth's algorithm.
In this work, we present an industrial cold walled Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) system, which can be controlled by either a traditional programmablelogic controller (PLC) system or a field-programmable gate array (F...
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In this work, we present an industrial cold walled Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) system, which can be controlled by either a traditional programmablelogic controller (PLC) system or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototyping board. This work presents an FPGA controlled system that takes ladder diagram (LD) control for a PLC and converts this control to Verilog HDL and programs an FPGA such that the FPGA prototyping board is used to control a real industrial application. We explore this approach since FPGA implementation of LD control could significantly reduce the cost of implementing these controllers with other potential advantages such as the improved granularity of timing control from milliseconds to nanoseconds, additional available pins for inputs and outputs far exceeding that of microprocessors, and lower power consumption for control. In this work, we provide details and descriptions of our industrial system (ALD), the LD control of this system and its implementation, our software flow to convert LDs to Verilog HDL, and our FPGA prototype board design to replace the existing electronic controller. We show how our LD-Verilog HDL converter in conjunction with FPGAs matches a PLC and demonstrate some of the benefits of using an FPGA.
Recently, the prevention and control of industrial pollution has attracted extensive attention. Many studies based on emission data have achieved great success, but there are relatively few studies on the emission dat...
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Recently, the prevention and control of industrial pollution has attracted extensive attention. Many studies based on emission data have achieved great success, but there are relatively few studies on the emission data acquisition. To this end, we propose a data acquisition and processing system (DAPS) for online monitoring of industrial pollutants. The system receives real-time emission data through the RS485, automatically generates periodic data, and saves it in the SQL Server database. Real-time Ethernet (RTE) is used to transmit control signals between the system and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Emission data is transmitted to local industrial control systems and remote monitoring centers (RMCs) via a wireless network. We tested the acquisition function and communication function of the system through experiments and evaluated the overall performance of the system by observing the memory and CPU usage. The system is characterized by simple implementation and versatility and can be applied to continuous monitoring of various industrial pollutants.
This paper describes the design of a fire warning system for the purpose of preventing accidents such as fires in integrated pipe gallery. The sensor is used to monitor the internal environmental parameters of the pip...
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The issue of safety is very paramount in any automotive system, especially in automotive braking systems. Nowadays this safety is being somewhat overlooked as the efficient testing is not being performed on the brakin...
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