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Impact of the Incremental programming algorithm on the Filament Conduction in HfO₂-Based RRAM Arrays

IEEE JOURNAL OF THE ELECTRON DEVICES SOCIETY 2017年第1期5卷 64-68页

作者： Perez, Eduardo Grossi, Alessandro Zambelli, Cristian Olivo, Piero Wenger, Christian IHP GmbH Leibniz Inst Innovat Microelekt D-15236 Frankfurt Germany Univ Ferrara Dip Ingn I-44122 Ferrara Italy

In this paper, the set operation of HfO2 based 1T-1R arrays is studied by applying incremental step pulse with verify algorithm. To evaluate the impact of the voltage step increment on the conduction mechanism of filaments, the voltage increments between consecutive pulses are varied between 0.05 and 0.4 V. The extracted leakage values after the set operation were discussed in the framework of the quantum point contact model. In the so called low resistive state, the conductive filaments demonstrate a defined signature of conductance quantization.

关键词： RRAM HfO2 QPC model programming algorithm

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A RECURSIVE QUADRATIC-programming algorithm FOR SEMI-INFINITE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND OPTIMIZATION 1982年第4期8卷 325-349页

作者： POLAK, E TITS, AL Electronics Research Laboratory College of Engineering University of California Berkeley 94720 Berkeley CA USA

The well known, local recursive quadratic programming method introduced by E. R. Wilson is extended to apply to optimization problems with constraints of the type\(\mathop {\max }\limits_\omega \phi (x,\omega ) \leqslant 0\), whereω ranges over a compact interval of the real line. A scheme is proposed, which results in a globally convergent conceptual algorithm. Finally, two implementable versions are presented both of which converge quadratically.

关键词： System Theory Mathematical Method Real Line Quadratic programming programming algorithm

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Comparative analysis on optimizing performance of genetic algorithm and programming algorithm for MOTSP

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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MATHEMATICS 2017年第6-7期20卷 1533-1536页

作者： Su, Lin Jia, Jingjing Shanghai Dian Ji Univ Sch Business Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China

The multi-objective traveling salesman problem (MOTSP) involves one salesman to visit a set of locations (n > 1) so that each location is visited exactly once while satisfying multiple targets of distance, time, cost, etc. To solve problem like this, two different algorithms are introduced and their optimization performances are presented in details by comparisons. On one hand, the genetic algorithm (GA) implemented on Matlab was improved in this paper, which performs well in combination with rotating-disk selection with ranking, one-point crossover and mutation after similarity contrast. On the other hand, the optimization also benefits from application of 0-1 integer programming algorithm with linear and non-linear constraints where Lingo is used. Experimental results reveal both advantages and disadvantages of these two algorithms, and it is concludes that characteristics of the problem itself will decide which algorithm is more suitable when it comes to a special case.

关键词： traveling salesman problem genetic algorithm programming algorithm Matlab Lingo

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Evaluation of a programming algorithm for deep brain stimulation in dystonia used in a double-blind, sham-controlled multicenter study

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NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019年第1期1卷 25页

作者： Steigerwald, Frank Kirsch, Anna Dalal Kuehn, Andrea Kupsch, Andreas Mueller, Joerg Eisner, Wilhelm Deuschl, Gunther Falk, Daniela Schnitzler, Alfons Skogseid, Inger Marie Vollmer-Haase, Juliane Ip, Chi Tronnier, Volker Vesper, Jan Naumann, Markus Volkmann, Jens Univ Hosp Wurzburg Dept Neurol Wurzburg Germany Rhon Klinikum Dept Neurol & Neurol Crit Care Bad Neustadt an der Saale Germany Charite Univ Med Berlin Dept Neurol Campus Mitte Berlin Germany Movement Disorder Ctr Berlin Neurol Moves Berlin Germany Vivantes Hosp Berlin Spandau Dept Neurol Berlin Germany Med Univ Innsbruck Dept Neurol Innsbruck Austria Med Univ Innsbruck Dept Neurosurg Innsbruck Austria Univ Kiel Dept Neurol Kiel Germany Univ Kiel Dept Neurosurg Kiel Germany Heinrich Heine Univ Dept Neurol Dusseldorf Germany Heinrich Heine Univ Inst Clin Neurosci & Med Psychol Dusseldorf Germany Oslo Univ Hosp Dept Neurol Oslo Norway Evang Klin MVZ Gelsenkirchen Germany Univ Lubeck Dept Neurosurg Lubeck Germany Albert Ludwig Univ Freiburg Dept Funct Neurosurg & Stereotaxy Freiburg Germany Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf Dept Funct Neurosurg & Stereotaxy Dusseldorf Germany Klinikum Augsburg Dept Neurol Augsburg Germany

Background: programming deep brain stimulation in dystonia is difficult because of the delayed benefits and absence of evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a programming algorithm applied in a double-blind, sham-controlled multicenter study of pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia. Methods: A standardized monopolar review to identify the contact with the best acute antidystonic effect was applied in 40 patients, who were then programmed 0.5 V below the adverse effect threshold and maintained on these settings for at least 3 months, if tolerated. If no acute effects were observed, contact selection was based on adverse effects or anatomical criteria. Three-year follow-up data was available for 31 patients, and five-year data for 32 patients. The efficacy of the algorithm was based on changes in motor scores, adverse events, and the need for reprogramming. Results: The mean (+/- standard deviation) dystonia motor score decreased by 73 +/- 24% at 3 years and 63 +/- 38% at 5 years for contacts that exhibited acute improvement of dystonia (n = 17) during the monopolar review. Contacts without acute benefit improved by 58 +/- 30% at 3 years (n = 63) and 53 +/- 31% at 5 years (n = 59). Interestingly, acute worsening or induction of dystonia/dyskinesia (n = 9) correlated significantly with improvement after 3 years, but not 5 years. Conclusions: Monopolar review helped to detect the best therapeutic contact in approximately 30% of patients exhibiting acute modulation of dystonic symptoms. Acute improvement, as well as worsening of dystonia, predicted a good long-term outcome, while induction of phosphenes did not correlate with outcome.

关键词： Deep brain stimulation programming algorithm Dystonia Pallidum Long-term outcome

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Research of computer advanced programming algorithm based on OTH communication performance evaluation

Research of computer advanced programming algorithm based on...

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International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology

作者： Huang Chongjing Wang Jin CSIC 722 Res & Dev Inst Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China

This paper gives the methods of OTH communication performance evaluation and index computation. Then it gives the foundation and methods of OTH communication performance evaluation and engineering computation software.

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418794

关键词： OTH communication performance evaluation programming algorithm

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The programming algorithm Based on Embedded System for the Output Conversion of the Humidity & Temperature Sensor SHTxx

The Programming Algorithm Based on Embedded System for the O...

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2012 3rd International Conference on Information Technology for Manufacturing Systems(ITMS 2012)

作者： Zou Jiupeng Dai Yuqiang Liu Xuewu Zhang Liming Liu Fengxia Dalian University of Technology

In order to avoid the digital humidity & temperature sensor SHTxx's output values conversion consume many quantity of storage location, and spend more operation time, a group new type of conversion polynomials, and corresponding programming algorithm were deduced and tested. The polynomials are precise equivalent to the conversion formulas provided by the manufacturers, but contain only Binary fixed-point integer, fractional part, and 2N. Using fixed-point calculations and shift operations instead of floating-point calculations, the results of program code reduction amount of 60 percent, and computing speed faster nearly 4 times than the original algorithm are obtained. Furthermore, a kind of speedy and unified CRC algorithm for read-out data of the sensor is proposed. The novel programming algorithm makes the output conversion more simplified, so it could pave the way for the low-end embedded applications of SHTxx.

关键词： Sensor SHTxx programming algorithm CRC Embedded system

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Statistical separation of mixtures in the problem of reconstructing the coefficients of an Itô stochastic process-type model of the interplanetary magnetic flux density: ℓ2-distance minimization vs likelihood maximization

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RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 2025年第1期40卷 17-31页

作者： Karpov, Kirill Korolev, Victor Sukhareva, Natalia Moscow State Univ Fac Computat Math & Cybernet Moscow 119991 Russia Moscow Ctr Fundamental & Appl Math Moscow 119991 Russia Russian Acad Sci Fed Res Ctr Comp Sci & Control Moscow 119333 Russia Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Math Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Moscow State Univ Fac Phys Moscow 119991 Russia

Two approaches to the problem of statistical separation of finite mixtures of probability distributions are discussed. The first of them consists in finding maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the mixture by the EM-algorithm, whereas the second approach consists in finding the values of the parameters that deliver minimum to the distance between the theoretical and empirical distribution functions. It is demonstrated that the second approach is preferable at least in the problem of statistical reconstruction of the coefficients of an It & ocirc;stochastic process that requires dynamic separation of finite normal mixtures in the moving window mode. For this problem, the performance of the numerical procedures is critical. A combination of numerical procedures is described that provides (almost) the same value of the likelihood function for the second approach that is attained by the EM-algorithm, but ensures multiple decrease of the & ell;2-distance between the theoretical mixture and the empirical distribution function while demonstrating better performance. A kind of 'metric' regularization of the problem of likelihood maximization is proposed. The proposed techniques are illustrated by adjusting the It & ocirc;process model to the time series of the interplanetary magnetic field (magnetic flux density) registered by the Global Geospace Science (GGS) Wind apparatus (the spacecraft placed in the Lagrange point between the Earth and the Sun).

关键词： Time series It & ocirc stochastic process finite normal mixture statistical separation of mixtures EM-algorithm sequential quadratic programming algorithm ill-posed problem interplanetary magnetic field

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CONVEX-programming algorithmS USING SMOOTHING OF EXACT PENALTY-FUNCTIONS

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SIBERIAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL 1982年第4期23卷 491-500页

作者： KAPLAN, AA

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Impact of temperature and programming method on the data retention of Cu/Al₂O₃-based conductive-bridge RAM operated at low-current (10 μA)

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SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 2016年 125卷 189-197页

作者： Belmonte, A. Fantini, A. Redolfi, A. Houssa, M. Jurczak, M. Goux, L. IMEC Kapeldreef 75 B-3001 Leuven Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Phys & Astron Celestijnenlaan 200D B-3001 Leuven Belgium

In this paper we outline the effects on the memory window of the programming method and pulse width and of the temperature, in Cu/Al2O3-based CBRAM targeting a 10-mu A current regime. Despite its large median value, the overall HRS/LRS ratio in these devices can be drastically reduced due to the LRS and HRS dispersion and to the instability of the resistive states over time, especially in a low-current regime. For this reason, in this study we adopt a statistical approach, focusing on the tails of the cumulative distribution Function (CDF). We compare different verify-based algorithms to force an initial tail-to-tail (1st percentile of CDF) resistive window, demonstrating that, in order to reduce the total programming time, a complete Write/Erase cycle must be performed at each verify attempt. We also prove that the stability of the programmed LRS/HRS states is strongly influenced by the external temperature and that it is affected by the programming pulse width (PW) used in the algorithm, likely driving the diffusion processes that originate the state degradation. Selecting the appropriate PW, no overlap of the LRS and HRS distributions is observed after 1 week at room temperature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： RRAM Conductive-bridging CBRAM PMC programming algorithm Retention Memory window

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Variability and Energy Consumption Tradeoffs in Multilevel programming of RRAM Arrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 2021年第6期68卷 2693-2698页

作者： Perez, Eduardo Mahadevaiah, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli Quesada, Emilio Perez-Bosch Wenger, Christian IHP Leibniz Inst Innovat Mikroelekt D-15236 Frankfurt Oder Germany BTU Cottbus Senftenberg D-03046 Cottbus Germany

Achieving a reliable multilevel programming operation in resistive random access memory (RRAM) arrays is still a challenging task. In this work, we assessed the impact of the voltage step value used by the programming algorithm on the device-to-device (DTD) variability of the current distributions of four conductive levels and on the energy consumption featured by programming 4-kbit HfO2-based RRAM arrays. Two different write-verify algorithms were considered and compared, namely, the incremental gate voltage with verify algorithm (IGVVA) and the incremental step pulse with verify algorithm (ISPVA). By using the IGVVA, a main tradeoff has to be considered since reducing the voltage step leads to a smaller DTD variability at the cost of a strong increase in energy consumption. Although the ISPVA cannot reduce the DTD variability as much as the IGVVA, its voltage step can be decreased in order to reduce the energy consumption with almost no impact on the DTD variability. Therefore, the final decision on which algorithm to employ should be based on the specific application targeted for the RRAM array.

关键词： Switches Current measurement Voltage measurement Energy consumption Logic gates Performance evaluation programming profession Energy consumption multilevel programming algorithm resistive random access memory (RRAM) voltage step

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