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Multidimensional synchronous dataflow

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2002年第8期50卷 2064-2079页

作者： Murthy, PK Lee, EA Fujitsu Labs Amer Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Signal flow graphs with dataflow semantics have been used in signal processing system simulation, algorithm development, and real-time system design. Dataflow semantics implicitly expose function parallelism by imposing only a partial ordering constraint on the execution of functions. One particular form of dataflow called synchronous dataflow (SDF) has been quite popular in programming environments for digital signal processing (DSP) since it has strong formal properties and is ideally suited for expressing multirate DSP algorithms. However, SDF and other dataflow models use first-in first-out (FIFO) queues on the communication channels and are thus ideally suited only for one-dimensional (1-D) signal processing algorithms. While multidimensional systems can also be expressed by collapsing arrays into 1-D streams, such modeling is often awkward and can obscure potential data parallelism that might be present. SDF can be generalized to multiple dimensions;this model is called multidimensional synchronous dataflow (MDSDF). This paper presents MDSDF and shows how MDSDF can be efficiently used to model a variety of multidimensional DSP systems, as well as other types of systems that are not modeled elegantly in SDF. However, MDSDF generalizes the FIFO queues used in SDF to arrays and, thus, is capable only of expressing systems sampled on rectangular lattices. This paper also presents a generalization of MDSDF that is capable of handling arbitrary sampling lattices and lattice-changing operations such as nonrectangular decimation and interpolation. An example of a practical system is given to show the usefulness of this model. The key challenge in generalizing the MDSDF model is preserving static schedulability, which eliminates the overhead associated with dynamic scheduling, and preserving a model where data parallelism, as well as functional parallelism, is fully explicit.

关键词： .expressing schedulability lattices programming environments decimation data parallelism Dataflow multidimensional systems Multidimensional Synchronous MDSDF model arbitrary sampling

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A machine-independent debugger

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1996年第11期26卷 1277-1299页

作者： Hanson, DR Raghavachari, M Department of Computer Science Princeton University 35 Olden Street Princeton NJ 08544 U.S.A. [*]Department of Computer Science Princeton University 35 Olden Street Princeton NJ 08544 U.S.A.

cdb is a simple, source-level debugger for ANSI/ISO C programs compiled by lcc, a retargetable C compiler. cdb Is completely independent of its target architecture. This independence is achieved by embedding a small amount of itself - a 'nub' - in the program to be debugged and by having the compiler emit machine-independent symbol-table data and related code. This paper describes the design of a nub interface for debugging, a target-independent implementation of this interface for cdb, and the implementation of cdb itself. When compared to platform-specific debuggers, cdb's implementation is minuscule: the nub, debugger, and associated communications routines take about 1500 lines of C, and fewer than 600 lines were added to Ice's front end to emit symbol tables and breakpoint hooks. All this code is machine independent.

关键词： debuggers retargetable compilers programming environments lcc

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A programming ENVIRONMENT FOR MODULA-2

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1988年第4期3卷 119-126页

作者： ROBINSON, P JORDAN, M UNIV CAMBRIDGE COMP LABCAMBRIDGE CB2 3QGENGLAND

Modula-2 was designed in 1979 by Prof. Niklaus Wirth as a successor to Pascal. It provides similar facilities for the description of algorithms and data structures, but differs radically from Pascal in allowing the composition of programs from separately compiled modules in a carefully controlled way. This paper recounts some experiences with implementing the languages for a variety of computers, and describes a collection of tools (mostly written in Modula-2) that provides an extensive program development environment for the language. In particular, a general set of run time libraries is described together with utilities for consistent compilation, symbolic debugging and run time profiling. The paper concludes with some observations on the language formed on the basis of these experiences.

关键词： Compilers, interpreters and other processors program compilers programming environments utilities Modula program debugging Pascal symbolic debugging separately compiled modules Modula-2 programming environment data structures subroutines run time profiling High level languages run time libraries programming support algorithms Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating systems

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PARALLEL INCREMENTAL LR PARSING

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES 1994年第3期20卷 151-175页

作者： VISWANATHAN, N SRIKANT, YN INDIAN INST SCI DEPT COMP SCI & AUTOMATBANGALORE 560012KARNATAKAINDIA

A new parallel parsing algorithm for block structured languages, capable of parsing incrementally also, is presented. The parser is for LR grammars. A shared memory multiprocessor model is assumed. We associate processors to parse corrections independently with minimum reparsing. A new compatibility condition is used by the associated processors to terminate parsing, and prevent redoing the work of other processors. We give an efficient way of assembling the final parse tree from the individual parses. Our compatibility condition is simple and it can be computed at the parser construction time itself. Further, the compatibility condition can be tested while parsing, in constant time. The parser can be integrated into the editor. We give an estimate for speedup by our parallel parsing and parallel incremental parsing methods. We have obtained considerable speedups in simulation studies of our algorithm.

关键词： PARALLEL PARSING INCREMENTAL COMPILERS LR GRAMMARS programming environments PARALLEL ALGORITHMS

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programming IN THE LARGE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1986年第7期12卷 769-783页

作者： RAMAMOORTHY, CV GARG, V PRAKASH, A Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Computer Science Division University of California Berkeley CA 94720

Ad hoc programming methods do not work in the development of bid software systems. The problems faced in developing large software include: 1. starting from fuzzy and incomplete requirements, 2. enforcing a methodology on the developers, 3. coordinating multiple programmers and managers, 4. achieving desired reliability and performance in the network, 5. managing a multitude of resources in a meaningful way, and 6. completing the system within a limited time frame. Some of the trends in requirement specification, life-cycle modeling, programming environments, design tools, and other software engineering areas are examined for tackling these development problems. Several phase-independent and phase-dependent techniques are suggested for programming in the large system. It is demonstrated how research in automatic programming, knowledge-based systems, metrics, and programming environments can make a great difference in the ability to develop large systems.

关键词： Software Measurement Complexity Theory Software Engineering Libraries Databases programming Software Life Cycle Information Abstraction Knowledge Based Systems Metrics programming environments Reusability

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LabVIEW-based planar multilayered model for estimation of the absorbed energy inside biological tissues

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE 2008年第2期50卷 152-158页

作者： Akram, Gasmelseed Jasmy, Yunus UTM Fac Elect Engn Johor Baharu 81310 Malaysia

This article describes the analysis of the electromagnetic absorption and scattering properties of a planar multilayered structure, representing simplified models of human tissues. A step-by-step approach for the implementation of a planar multilayered code using the LabVIEW environment is presented. The effects of the fat layer on the specific absorption rate (SAR) deposition in two models of human tissues were considered. The first model was a three-layered (skin-fat-muscle) tissue model. The second model was a human-head model, comprised of seven different tissues of skin, fat, muscle, bone, dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain. The simulation results were evaluated, and showed the fat-layer effects on the specific absorption rate deposition in human tissues. The graphical nature of the LabVIEW programming environment makes it very easy to create a sophisticated application in a minimum amount of time, especially when compared to designing graphical user interfaces in a low-level programming language.

关键词： biological effects of electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic reflection electromagnetic scattering planar multilayered structure nonhomogeneous media power distribution biological effects programming environments

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RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR DSP SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPROCESSORS

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1991年第2期8卷 52-62页

作者： ENGELS, M LAUWEREINS, R PEPERSTRAETE, JA Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium Katholieke Univ. Leuven Heverlee Belgium

The authors describe the hardware and software of a system for prototyping digital-signal-processing applications by using commercially available digital-signal processors linked to form multiprocessors. The graphical programming environment makes it easier to program, compile, debug, and test DSP algorithms. The system reduces the cost of application prototyping, making it a feasible step at early design stages. To demonstrate the advantages of their approach, the authors explain how they prototyped a digital audio broadcast system. The complexities encountered highlight the limitations of the system.

关键词： Prototypes Digital signal processing Software prototyping Application software Hardware Software systems programming environments Testing Costs Digital audio broadcasting

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RESEARCH ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOFTWARE environments AT KESTREL-INSTITUTE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1985年第11期11卷 1278-1295页

作者： SMITH, DR KOTIK, GB WESTFOLD, SJ Kestrel Institute

The CHI project that extended from 1978 to mid-1984 under the leadership of C. Green of Systems Control Technology and Kestrel Institute is summarized. In order to conduct research on knowledge-based software environments, key portions of a prototype environment called CHI were constructed that established the feasibility of the approach. This research led to the development of a wide-spectrum language that could be used to express all stages of the program development process in the system. Another result was the prototype compiler's ability to synthesize itself from a very high-level description of itself. The overall nature of the work done on this project is described, highlights of implemented prototypes are given, and the implications of this work for the future of software engineering are discussed. Current research projects at Kestrel Institute and commercial applications of the technology at Reasoning Systems are briefly surveyed.

关键词： Wide Spectrum Languages Automatic programming Knowledge Based Systems Program Synthesis programming environments Software environments Very High Level Languages

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IMPLEMENTATION OF A MODEL LIFT CONTROL-SYSTEM FROM A FORMAL SPECIFICATION

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1987年第3期2卷 71-79页

作者： MOCEK, JP MCDERMID, JA SYST DESIGNERS PLC CAMBERLEY GU15 3XDSURREYENGLAND

This paper describes the implementation of a model lift control system, based on a formal specification of lift behaviour. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the benefit of using formal specifications as the basis of an implementation, and to show how a control system can be produced using an integrated project support environment.

关键词： integrated project support environment formal specification specification languages programming support Control engineering computing model lift control system control system CAD control system synthesis lift behavior programming environments Control of lift and aerial cableway systems lifts Ada Control system analysis and synthesis methods

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Exploring the Effectiveness of Data-Driven Learning Materials for Promoting Student Performance in Introductory programming

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 125170-125178页

作者： Qian, Yizhou Wu, Yifei Jiangnan Univ Dept Educ Technol Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Jiangsu Res Ctr Internet Plus Educ Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China

Cryptic and ambiguous error messages provided by programming environments are crucial barriers to beginners when learning to program. This study designed a coding manual to explain common Python programming errors to students using a data-driven approach, following guidelines suggested by prior studies. A quasi-experiment with two groups of middle school students was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the coding manual in reducing student errors, increasing confidence, and promoting learning performance. By analyzing 6015 erroneous student programs collected by the automated assessment tool (AAT) Mulberry, we found that the experimental group who used the coding manual during learning did not make fewer language specification errors (LSEs) in general. However, for LSEs indicating the actual errors in the program, the coding manual showed significant effects in reducing error frequencies. We also found that the coding manual failed to increase students' confidence in programming and promote learning performance. Possible causes of the ineffectiveness may include high cognitive loads during programming, the productivity of learning from the debugging process, and the incompleteness of the explanations and examples in the coding manual. We recommend that computer programming instructors use AATs or similar tools to collect learning data and identify students' common errors, directly explain identified common LSEs in class, and explicitly teach debugging methods and strategies. Future research should focus on students' self-regulation during programming, better methods of explaining common errors to novices, and the long-term effects of using a coding manual on students' learning in introductory programming.

关键词： Codes Encoding programming profession Python Manuals programming environments Syntactics Data models Data-driven learning materials introductory programming programming errors

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