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IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)

作者： Albrecht, Ella Grabowski, Jens Univ Gottingen Inst Comp Sci Gottingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467386333

Due to an increasing number of students, more and more learning institutions tend to use computer-supported learning tools like online learning platforms or intelligent tutoring systems. This has opened up the opportunity to collect a huge amount of students' data. Educational Data Mining (EDM) uses mining techniques to derive information from these data about students' knowledge, behavior and experience to improve education. In this paper, we present a framework for mining programming errors of computer science students by analyzing the students' solutions to a programming assignment. The framework serves as both, a computer aided assessment tool as well as an immediate feedback tool about the learning progress of the students for the educator.

关键词： computer aided assessment educational data mining programming errors

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Post-completion Error in Software Development 9

Post-completion Error in Software Development

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9th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE)

作者： Huang, Fuqun Inst Interdisciplinary Scientists Seattle WA 98115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450341554

Post-completion errors have been observed in a variety of tasks by psychologists, but there is a lack of empirical studies in software engineering. This paper investigates whether postcompletion errors occur in software development and the likelihood that software developers commit this error when a post-completion scenario is presented. An experimental study was conducted in the context of a programming contest. In the experiment, a programming task specification that contained a post-completion sub-task requirement was presented to the subjects. The results showed that 41.82% of the subjects committed the post-completion error in the same way-forgetting to design and implement a software requirement which is supposed to be the last sub-task and is not necessary for the completion of the main sub-task. This percentage of subjects committing the post-completion error was significantly higher than that of subjects committing other errors. This study has confirmed that post-completion error occurs in software development and, moreover, different software developers tend to commit this error in the same way with a high likelihood at the location where a post-completion scenario is presented. Strategies are proposed to prevent post-completion errors in software development.

关键词： Post-completion errors software development programming errors common-cause failure software psychology human errors in software engineering

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Towards a Framework for Mining Students' programming Assignments

Towards a Framework for Mining Students' Programming Assignm...

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IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference

作者： Ella Albrecht Jens Grabowski Institute of Computer Science University of Gottingen

ISBN: (纸本)9781467386340

关键词： Computer aided assessment Educational data mining programming errors

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To Code Is Human

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2015年第1期32卷 14-17页

作者： Holzmann, Gerard J. Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

Programmers have found creative ways around programming rules. However, such tactics have a cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Encoding Software reliability Computer programs Software engineering Reliability engineering program processors software engineering computer programming programming errors compilers

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Implementation of smart pump technology in a paediatric intensive care unit

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HEALTH INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2015年第3期21卷 209-222页

作者： Manrique-Rodriguez, Silvia Sanchez-Galindo, Amelia C. de Lorenzo-Pinto, Ana Gonzalez-Vives, Leticia Lopez-Herce, Jesus Carrillo-Alvarez, Angel Sanjurjo-Saez, Maria Fernandez-Llamazares, Cecilia M. Gregorio Maranon Gen & Teaching Hosp Madrid 28007 Spain

Patient safety is a matter of major concern that involves every health professional. Nowadays, emerging technologies such as smart pumps can diminish medication errors as well as standardise and improve clinical practice with the subsequent benefits for patients. The aim of this paper was to describe the smart pump implementation process in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to present the most relevant infusion-related programming errors that were prevented. This was a comparative study between CareFusion Alaris Guardrails((R)) and Hospira MedNet((R)) systems, as well as a prospective and intervention study with analytical components carried out in the PICU of Gregorio Maranon General and Teaching Hospital. All intravenous infusions programmed with a pump in the eleven beds of the unit were analyzed. A drug library was developed and subsequently loaded into CareFusion and Hospira pumps that were used during a three month period each. The most suitable system for implementation was selected according to their differences in features and users' acceptance. Data stored in the pumps were analyzed to assess user compliance with the technology, health care setting and type of errors intercepted. The implementation process was carried out with CareFusion systems. Compliance with the technology was 92% and user acceptance was high. Vacation substitution and drug administration periods were significantly associated with a greater number of infusion-related programming errors. High risk drugs were involved in 48% of intercepted errors. Based on these results we can conclude that implementation of smart pumps proved effective in intercepting infusion-related programming errors from reaching patients. User awareness of the importance of programming infusions with the drug library is the key to succeed in the implementation process.

关键词： drug library intravenous administration programming errors safety smart pumps

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Implementing smart pump technology in a pediatric intensive care unit: A cost-effective approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 2014年第2期83卷 99-105页

作者： Manrique-Rodriguez, Silvia Sanchez-Galindo, Amelia C. Lopez-Herce, Jesus Angel Calleja-Hernandez, Miguel Martinez-Martinez, Fernando Iglesias-Peinado, Irene Carrillo-Alvarez, Angel Sanjurjo-Saez, Maria Fernandez-Llamazares, Cecilia M. Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon Serv Farm Madrid 28007 Spain Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon Pediat Intens Care Unit Madrid 28007 Spain Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves Serv Pharm Granada 18014 Spain Univ Granada Fac Pharm E-18071 Granada Spain Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Pharm E-28040 Madrid Spain

Objective: To analyze the cost effectiveness of implementing smart infusion pump technology in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Material and methods: An observational, prospective, intervention study with analytical components was carried out. A drug library was developed and integrated into the Carefusion Alaris Guardrails (R) infusion systems. A systematic analysis of all the data stored on the devices during use was performed by the data processing program Guardrails (R) CQI v4.1 Event Reporter. Intercepted errors were classified in terms of their potential severity and probability of causing an adverse effect (PAE) had they reached the patient. Knowing the estimated cost of a preventable adverse effect (AE), we analyzed costs saved and the profit/cost ratio resulting from the implementation process. Results: Compliance with the drug library was 92% and during the study period 92 infusion-related programming errors were intercepted, leading to a saving of 172,279 euros by preventing AEs. This means that 2.15 euros would be obtained for each euro invested in hiring a pharmacist to implement this technology. Discussion: The high percentage of use of safety software in our study compared to others allowed for the interception of 92 errors. The estimation of the potential impact of these errors is based on clinical judgment. The cost saved might be underestimated because the cost of an AE is usually higher in pediatrics, indirect and intangible costs were not considered and pharmacists involved do not spend the whole day on this task. Conclusions: Smart pumps have shown to be profitable in a PICU because they have the ability to intercept potentially serious medication errors and reduce costs associated with such errors. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smart pumps Cost-effectiveness programming errors Safety Pediatric intensive care

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A taxonomic study of novice programming summative assessment 09

A taxonomic study of novice programming summative assessment

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Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Conference on Computing Education - Volume 95

作者： Shuhaida Shuhidan Margaret Hamilton Daryl D'Souza RMIT University Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781920682767

Learning to program is difficult, a situation that is largely responsible for high attrition rates in Computer Science schools. Novice programmers struggle to grasp an early understanding of programming, which can lead to frustration and eventually surrender. The problem has generated interest in a range of enquiries, and has given impetus to the need for a teaching-research nexus towards a better understanding of novice programming problems. We continue the trend in this paper and report on a study we have conducted of novice programmers' efforts in summative assessment. Our study involves multiple-choice questions and coding question drawn from a programming examination. We analyse the answers provided by novices to final examination questions, and attempt to understand why students make such errors. We aim to categorise and classify the questions in the context of two well-known learning taxonomies: Bloom's Taxonomy and the SOLO Taxonomy.

关键词： SOLO taxonomy Bloom's taxonomy taxonomy of programming summative assessment programming errors novice programmer

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Debugging: finding, fixing and flailing, a multi-institutional study of novice debuggers

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COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION 2008年第2期18卷 93-116页

作者： Fitzgerald, Sue Lewandowski, Gary McCauley, Renee Murphy, Laurie Simon, Beth Thomas, Lynda Zander, Carol Metropolitan State Univ Dept Informat & Comp Sci St Paul MN 55106 USA Xavier Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Cincinnati OH 45207 USA Coll Charleston Dept Comp Sci Charleston SC 29401 USA Pacific Lutheran Univ Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn Tacoma WA 98447 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Comp Sci & Engn San Diego CA 92103 USA Aberystwyth Univ Dept Comp Sci Aberystwyth Dyfed Wales Univ Washington Dept Comp & Software Syst Bothell WA USA

Debugging is often difficult and frustrating for novices. Yet because students typically debug outside the classroom and often in isolation, instructors rarely have the opportunity to closely observe students while they debug. This paper describes the details of an exploratory study of the debugging skills and behaviors of contemporary novice Java programmers. Based on a modified replication of Katz and Anderson's study of novices, we sought to broadly survey the modern landscape of novice debugging abilities. As such, this study reports general quantitative results and fills in the picture with qualitative detail from a relatively small, but varied sample. Comprehensive interviews involving both a programming and a debugging task, followed by a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire, were conducted with 21 CS2 students at seven colleges and universities. While many subjects successfully debugged a representative set of typical CS1 bugs, there was a great deal of variation in their success at the programming and debugging tasks. Most of the students who were good debuggers were good novice programmers, although not all of the good programmers were successful at debugging. Students employed a variety of strategies to find 70% of all bugs and of the bugs they found they were able to fix 97% of them. They had the most difficulty with malformed statements, such as arithmetic errors and incorrect loop conditions. Our results confirm many findings from previous studies (some quite old) - most notably that once students find bugs, they can fix them. However, the results also suggest that some changes have occurred in the student population, particularly an increased use of debugging tools and online resources, as well as the use of pattern matching, which has not previously been reported.

关键词： debugging novice programmers debugging strategies bugs programming errors CS1 pedagogy

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Hard-to-detect errors due to the assembly-language environment

Hard-to-detect errors due to the assembly-language environme...

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37th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference

作者： Johnson, Lance Pheanis, David C. Arizona State Univ Sch Comp & Informat Ira A Fulton Sch Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424410835

Most programming errors are reasonably simple to understand and detect. One of the benefits of a high-level language is its encapsulation of error-prone concepts such as memory access and stack manipulation. Assembly-language programmers do not have this luxury. In our quest to create automated error-prevention and error-detection tools for assembly language, we need to create a comprehensive list of possible errors. We are not considering syntax errors or algorithmic errors. Assemblers, simple testing, and automated testing can detect those errors. We want to deal with design errors that are direct byproducts of the assembly-language environment or result from a programmer's lack of understanding of the assembly-language environment. Over many years of assembly-language instruction, we have come across a plethora of errors. Understanding the different types of errors and how to prevent and detect them is essential to our goal of creating automated error-prevention and error-detection tools. In this paper we list and explain the types of errors we have cataloged.

关键词： assembly language embedded systems error-detection tools error-prevention tools programming errors

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Hasty Design, Futile Patching and the Elaboration of Rigor

Hasty Design, Futile Patching and the Elaboration of Rigor

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12th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education

作者： Ginat, David Tel Aviv Univ CS Grp Sci Educ Dept Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781595936103

"Two wrongs don't make it right." fit the last two years, we observed repeated hasty designs, followed by futile patching of programming Solutions, which yielded (and re-yielded) erroneous outcomes. In this paper, we illuminate and illustrate diverse characteristics of these undesired design and patching phenomena, and offer a didactic approach of using them for elaborating Students' awareness of rigor. We advocate such all elaboration in textbooks and teaching materials, as one may learn and benefit from the wrong way no less than the right one.

关键词： programming errors Patching Rigor

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