Unigram is a fundamental element of n-gram in natural language processing. However, unigrams collected from a natural language corpus are unsuitable for solving problems in the domain of computer programming languages...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509065493
Unigram is a fundamental element of n-gram in natural language processing. However, unigrams collected from a natural language corpus are unsuitable for solving problems in the domain of computer programming languages. In this paper, we analyze the properties of unigrams collected from an ultralarge source code repository. Specifically, we have collected 1.01 billion unigrams from 0.7 million open source projects hosted at GitHub. com. By analyzing these unigrams, we have discovered statistical patterns regarding (1) how developers name variables, methods, and classes, and (2) how developers choose abbreviations. Our study describes a probabilistic model for solving a well-known problem in source code analysis: how to expand a given abbreviation to its original indented word. It shows that the unigrams collected from source code repositories are essential resources to solving the domain specific problems.
We present DESAL(alpha), a realization of the Dynamic Embedded Sensor-Actuator language for Telos-based devices. The platform provides native support for (i) rule-based programming, (ii) synchronized action scheduling...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424423897
We present DESAL(alpha), a realization of the Dynamic Embedded Sensor-Actuator language for Telos-based devices. The platform provides native support for (i) rule-based programming, (ii) synchronized action scheduling, (iii) neighborhood management, and (iv) distributed state sharing. We describe the design and implementation of DESAL(alpha), present examples that illustrate its use, and summarize the resource requirements of compiled applications. Finally, we present lessons learned based on our use of DESAL(alpha) during the past year.
After a description of the guidelines along which the first experiment (1970-1976) of CAI was organized in France, this experiment is described in detail (training of teachers, hardware configurations, development of ...
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A programming language that provides the functions of a secure microkernel is proposed for embedded and IoT applications. Towards this purpose, a type system based on the capability model is proposed, in which resourc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538655603
A programming language that provides the functions of a secure microkernel is proposed for embedded and IoT applications. Towards this purpose, a type system based on the capability model is proposed, in which resource classes are abstracted as capability classes. Our language enables static analysis of key properties including safety, security, power, and timing considerations.
Self-healing spatio-temporal data streaming systems enable error detection and data correction based on error signatures. Error signatures are mathematical function patterns with constraints and are used to identify a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479948970
Self-healing spatio-temporal data streaming systems enable error detection and data correction based on error signatures. Error signatures are mathematical function patterns with constraints and are used to identify and categorize errors in redundant spatio-temporal data streams. In this paper, we apply these methods to real data from a private Cessna flight and from the Air France AF447 accident in June 2009. For the private Cessna flight, three error scenarios are simulated: pitot tube failure, GPS failure, and simultaneous pitot tube and GPS failures. The error detection accuracy is approximately 93% and the response time to correct data is at most 5 seconds. For the AF447 flight, 162 seconds of available flight data including the pitot tubes failure is collected from the accident report. The pitot tube failure of the AF447 flight is successfully detected and corrected after 5 seconds from the beginning of the failure. Overall error mode detection accuracy reaches 96.31%. Furthermore, our simulations show that the system never corrects data incorrectly, i.e., all inaccurate mode detections produce either unknown or unrecoverable errors.
This paper presents theoretical basis of a language system whose program is described as algebraic expressions and implemented as abstract state machine. The behaviors of the described expressions may be captured (wit...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897584275
This paper presents theoretical basis of a language system whose program is described as algebraic expressions and implemented as abstract state machine. The behaviors of the described expressions may be captured (with their models) as causing sequences for state transitions, where composition and alternation for state transitions are mechanized in algebraic structure. Monitoring facilities to the language system may be described with state concepts, as well. With respect to intuitionistic logic and logical program containing negatives, Heyting algebra expressions are taken rather than already established nonmonotonic reasoning programs with negations, where 3-valued domain may be of use for the undefined to be allowable such that positives and negatives may be consistently evaluated, instead of rigid 2-valued settlements. We may have a standard form of Heyting algebra expressions in accordance to logical and AI programming, where the expressions are constrained with states. The states may be regarded as environmental conditions or objects as in object-oriented programming. As regards 3-valued models of given expressions, monotonic mapping cannot be in general associated with, but some ways are presented to approximate fixed points of a mapping for the given expression. Then the formal description of programs may be given with reference to state transitions, which is thought of as proposing a language system structure.
Technology is becoming a major part of each individual's life. The modern society is saturated with technology and cannot be separated from technology. Now a days, every person is using many number of devices and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665400916
Technology is becoming a major part of each individual's life. The modern society is saturated with technology and cannot be separated from technology. Now a days, every person is using many number of devices and systems. Code Vision is a mobile application which is created for e-learning purposes. So we are emerging entertainment and education together for students to learn programming language. The aim of this article is to illustrate the leaning mobile application which is based on animated dry run of programming language C++ and Object-Oriented programming. It is based on the basic and advance concepts of OOP and C++. Mostly people face problems like they could not be able to understand the working of programming when they initially start learning, they won't be able to create the logic of their own program. This application reduces the confusion factor and make all the concepts clear in people's mind. In this article, the development process of this application has been described, and also the functionalities and significance of requirements of this application is defined. This article will be helpful in further researches and development in the field of mobile application development.
Production compilers implement optimizing transformation rules for built-in types. What justifies applying these optimizing rules is the axioms that hold for built-in types and the built-in operations supported by the...
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Production compilers implement optimizing transformation rules for built-in types. What justifies applying these optimizing rules is the axioms that hold for built-in types and the built-in operations supported by these types. Similar axioms also hold for user-defined types and the operations defined on them, and therefore justify a set of optimization rules that may apply to user-defined types. Production com- pilers, however, do not attempt to construct and apply these optimization rules to user-defined types. Built-in types together the axioms that apply to them are instances of more general algebraic structures. So are user-defined types and their associated axioms. We use the technique of generic programming, a programming paradigm to design efficient, reusable software libraries, to identify the commonality of classes of types, whether built-in or user-defined, convey the semantics of the classes of types to compilers, design scalable and effective program analysis for them, and eventually apply optimizing rules to the operations on them. In generic programming, algorithms and data structures are defined in terms of such algebraic structures. The same definitions are reused for many types, both built-in and user-defined. This dissertation applies generic programming to compiler analyses and transformations. Analyses and transformations are specified for general algebraic structures, and they apply to all types, both built-in and primitive types.
A highly significant benefit of MDA is that it raises the level of abstraction at which the soft-ware developer is able to work. However, the languages available to the developer have not seen much change in the last ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540300260
A highly significant benefit of MDA is that it raises the level of abstraction at which the soft-ware developer is able to work. However, the languages available to the developer have not seen much change in the last decade. Modeling languages offer high level concepts, but the pre-dominant modeling language (UML) offers too little expressive power to be able to specify a system completely. Meanwhile, the level of abstraction of most programming language con-cepts is the same as 10 to 15 years ago. Although transformation tools may to some extent bridge the gap between modeling and programming languages, in practice the developer still needs to do both modeling and programming. This means switching between the two levels of abstractions, which is difficult for most people. We argue that a general purpose, high level, software language is necessary to get MDA adopted. This language will enable any developer to focus on the problem at hand while the supporting tools - transformation tools or generators- take care of the nitty gritty details. This paper introduces an early version of such a language, which brings together a number of powerful concepts from various sources: UML, OCL, design patterns, existing programming languages, and eventually aspectoriented languages.
programming languages for real-time control are tools provided to the control engineers to apply sophisticated control systems to control problems in understandable terms. The need for integration of several real-time...
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