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Festschrift Symposium

作者： Mosses, Peter D. Swansea Univ Dept Comp Sci Swansea W Glam Wales

ISBN: (纸本)9783540752202

The Vienna Development Method (VDM) was developed in the early 1970s as a variant of denotational semantics. VDM descriptions of programming languages differ from the original Scott-Strachey style by making extensive use of combinators which have a fixed operational interpretation. After recalling the main features of denotational semantics and the Scott-Strachey style, we examine the combinators of the VDM specification language, and relate them to monads, which were introduced more than 15 years later. We also suggest that use of further monadic combinators in VDM could be beneficial. Finally, we provide an overview of published VDM semantic descriptions of major programming languages.

关键词： programming language semantics Denotational semantics VDM Combinators Monads

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Capturing Assertions from Natural language Descriptions

Capturing Assertions from Natural Language Descriptions

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1st International Workshop on Natural language Analysis in Software Engineering (NaturaLiSE)

作者： Harris, Ian G. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Comp Sci Irvine CA 92717 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362719

We present a technique to automatically generate formal, executable assertions from natural language assertion descriptions written in English. Assertions are program invariants which are commonly used for result checking in the hardware verification process. We present an attribute grammar which captures the semantics of a subset of English language assertion descriptions. Using the attribute grammar, we parse assertion descriptions and generate semantically equivalent formal models. We have evaluated our technique using a large set of industrial assertion descriptions. We present the successful assertion generation results, as well as the limitations of our approach and methods to address those limitations in the future.

关键词： formal languages formal verification grammars natural language processing programming language semantics

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A programming language Approach to Fault Tolerance for Fork-Join Parallelism

A Programming Language Approach to Fault Tolerance for Fork-...

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7th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE)

作者： Zengin, Mustafa Vafeiadis, Viktor Max Planck Inst Software Syst MPI SWS Saarbrucken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550534

When running big parallel computations on thousands of processors, the probability that an individual processor will fail during the execution cannot be ignored. Computations should be replicated, or else failures should be detected at run-time and failed subcomputations reexecuted. We follow the latter approach and propose a high-level operational semantics that detects computation failures, and allows failed computations to be restarted from the point of failure. We implement this high-level semantics with a lower-level operational semantics that provides a more accurate account of processor failures, and prove in Coq the correspondence between the high- and low-level semantics.

关键词： checkpointing fault tolerant computing parallel processing programming language semantics

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Reconstruction of composite types for Decompilation

Reconstruction of composite types for Decompilation

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10th IEEE Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Troshina, K. Derevenets, Y. Chernov, A. Russian Acad Sci Inst Syst Programming 25 A Solzhenitsyn St Moscow Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Computat Math & Cybernet Dept Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769541785

Decompilation is reconstruction of a program in a high-level language from a program in a low-level language. This paper presents a method for automatic reconstruction of composite types (structures, arrays and combinations of them) in a high-level program during decompilation. Assembly code is obtained by disassembling a binary code or traces collected by a simulator. The proposed method is based on expressing memory access operations as pairs (base + offset), then building equivalence classes for the bases used in the program and accumulating offsets for each equivalence class. For Strictly conforming C programs our approach is substantiated by the C language semantics as defined in the international standard. However, experimental results have revealed that it is applicable for real-world programs also. Experimental results are obtained for a number of open-source programs as well as for traces collected from them. The method is an essential part of the tool for program decompilation TyDec being developed by the authors. Decompiler TyDec can be used as a standalone tool or as a plug-in for Interactive Trace Explorer TrEx being developed in Institute for System programming, Russian Academy of Sciences.

关键词： C language C language semantics TyDec decompilation assembly code composite types reconstruction data type reconstruction decompilation equivalence classes high level language high level languages high level program interactive trace explorer TrEx open source programs program assemblers program reconstruction programming language semantics public domain software reverse engineering strictly conforming C programs

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Towards software reuse using parameterized formal specifications

Towards software reuse using parameterized formal specificat...

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IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2003)

作者： Chiang, CC Univ Arkansas Dept Comp Sci Little Rock AR 72204 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780382420

Software reuse should be engineered as early as possible in the software development life cycle. The earlier reusability considerations are put into software development, the larger the payoff can be obtained from reuse. This paper briefly introduces the syntax and semantics of the TUG specification language. Some important but not comprehensive features of the language for reuse are presented with the aid of examples. Finally, specification reuse is illustrated with an analogy between a restaurant reservation system and a university registration system.

关键词： formal specification software reusability software engineering specification languages programming language semantics software reuse formal specifications software development life cycle TUG specification language restaurant reservation system university registration system

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Equivalence of Formal semantics Definition Methods

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Formal Aspects of Computing 1997年第1期9卷 68-77页

作者： Caswell, M.J.A. Dept. of Computer Studies Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire United Kingdom

There are numerous methods of formally defining the semantics of computer languages. Each method has been designed to fulfil a different purpose. For example, some have been designed to make reasoning about languages as easy as possible;others have been designed to be accessible to a large audience and some have been designed to ease implementation of languages. Given two semantics definitions of a language written using two separate semantics definition methods, we must be able to show that the two are in fact equivalent. If we cannot do this then we either have an error in one of the semantics definitions, or more seriously we have a problem with the semantics definition methods themselves. Three methods of defining the semantics of computer languages have been considered, i.e. Denotational semantics, Structural Operational semantics and Action semantics. An equivalence between these three is shown for a specific example language by first defining its semantics using each of the three definition methods. The proof of the equivalence is then constructed by selecting pairs of the semantics definitions and showing that they define the same language.

关键词： Action semantics Denotational semantics Equivalence programming language semantics Structural operational semantics

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Formally specifying the syntax and semantics of a visual query language for the domain of high energy physics data analysis

Formally specifying the syntax and semantics of a visual que...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual languages and Human-Centric Computing

作者： Amaral, V Helmer, S Moerkotte, G Univ Nova Lisboa P-1200 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)0769524435

Currently, physicists working in High Energy Physics experiments have to write their queries in general purpose programming languages using complex frameworks for accessing the data. This distracts them from their actual work, namely data analysis, and reduces their productivity significantly. We have improved this situation by designing and implementing the first visual query language specific to this domain. Our goal was to provide a tool enabling physicists to formulate queries in their own terms and notation. In this paper we focus on the formal definition of our visual query language (including syntax and semantics). The meanings of our operators are well-defined by means of translational semantics;i.e., we map all elements of our language to a well-known NF2 algebra. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages of this formal design approach.

关键词： data analysis formal specification physics computing programming language semantics query formulation query languages visual languages NF2 algebra data access formal design high energy physics data analysis high energy physics experi data base language physics computing programming language semantics visual languages search strategies Data analysis Access to Information information retrieval Formal specifications syntax Particle physics semantics Statistical analysis semiotics

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The semantics of Multicopy Atomic ARMv8 and RISC-V

The Semantics of Multicopy Atomic ARMv8 and RISC-V

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作者： Pulte, Christopher University of Cambridge

学位级别：博士

Previous work has established precise operational concurrency models for Power and ARMv8, in an abstract micro-architectural style based on detailed discussion with IBM and ARM staff and extensive hardware testing. To account for the precise architectural behaviour these models are complex. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding for the relaxed memory concurrency models of the architectures ARMv8, RISC-V, and (to a lesser degree) Power. Power and early versions of ARMv8 have non-multicopy-atomic (non-MCA) concurrency models. This thesis provides abstraction results for these, including a more abstract non-MCA ARMv8 storage subsystem model, and characterisations of the behaviour of mixed-size Power and non-MCA ARMv8 programs when using barriers or release/acquire instructions for all memory accesses, with respect to notions of Sequential Consistency for mixed-size programs. During the course of this PhD project, and partly due to our extended collaboration with ARM, ARM have shifted to a much simplified multicopy-atomic concurrency architecture that also includes a formal axiomatic concurrency model. We develop a correspondingly simplified operational model based on the previous non-MCA models, and, as the main result of this thesis, prove equivalence between the simplified operational and the reference axiomatic model. We have also been actively involved in the RISC-V Memory Model Task Group. RISC-V has adopted a multicopy atomic model closely following that of ARMv8, but which incorporates some changes motivated by issues raised in our operational modelling of ARMv8. We develop an adapted RISC-V operational concurrency model that is now part of the official architecture documentation. Finally, in order to give a simpler explanation of the MCA ARMv8 and RISC-V concurrency models for programmers, we develop an equivalent operational concurrency model in a different style. The \promisingarmriscv model, based on the C11 Promising model, gives up the micro-a

关键词： programming language semantics relaxed memory concurrency processor architectures

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Tool Support for Component-Based semantics 2016

Tool Support for Component-Based Semantics

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15th International Conference on Modularity (MODULARITY)

作者： van Binsbergen, L. Thomas Sculthorpe, Neil Mosses, Peter D. Royal Holloway Univ London Dept Comp Sci London England Swansea Univ Dept Comp Sci Swansea W Glam Wales

ISBN: (纸本)9781450340335

The developers of a programming language need to document its intended syntax and semantics, and to update the documentation when the language evolves. They use formal grammars to define context-free syntax, but usually give only an informal description of semantics. Use of formal semantics could greatly increase the consistency and completeness of language documentation, support rapid prototyping, and allow empirical validation. Modularity of semantics is essential for practicality when scaling up to definitions of larger languages. Component-based semantics takes modularity to the highest possible level. In this approach, the semantics of a language is defined by equations translating its constructs (compositionally) to combinations of so-called fundamental constructs, or 'funcons'. The definition of each funcon is a small, highly reusable component. The PLANCOMPS project has defined a substantial library of funcons, and shown their reusability in several case studies. We have designed a meta-language called CBS for component-based semantics, and an IDE to support development, rapid prototyping, and validation of definitions in CBS. After introducing and motivating CBS, we demonstrate how the IDE can be used to browse and edit the CBS definition of a toy language, to generate a prototype implementation of the language, and to parse and run programs.

关键词： programming language semantics modularity reusability tool support rapid prototyping

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A Text-Based Fully Automated Architecture for the Semantic Annotation and Retrieval of Turkish News Videos

A Text-Based Fully Automated Architecture for the Semantic A...

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2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence

作者： Kucuk, Dilek Yazici, Adnan TUBITAK UZAY Power Elect Grp Ankara Turkey Middle East Tech Univ Dept Comp Engn Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781424469208

Video texts are known to constitute an important source of information for semantic summaries of video archives. In this study, we propose a fully automated architecture for semantic annotation and later retrieval of Turkish news videos based on the corresponding video texts. At the core of the architecture is a named entity recognizer, the output of which on video texts is used as semantic annotations for the corresponding videos. The architecture also comprises components for news story segmentation, sliding text recognition, and video retrieval in addition to a news video database. The news story segmentation module makes use of the audio waveforms of the raw video files to detect the boundaries of individual news stories. The sliding text recognizer is then executed on the video segments corresponding to these news stories to extract their texts. The texts are then fed into the named entity recognizer for Turkish news texts to extract the named entities which are to be used as semantic annotations or index terms for the retrieval of these news videos. Finally, the retrieval interface of the overall architecture enables access to the annotated videos and video segments through boolean queries formed by using the previously extracted named entities. This study is significant for its proposing the first fully automated architecture for the semantic annotation and retrieval of Turkish news video archives.

关键词： Turkish news videos automated architecture boolean queries image recognition image segmentation programming language semantics semantic annotation sliding text recognizer text analysis video archives video retrieval video segmentation video texts retrieval

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