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International Workshop on OpenCL

作者： Aksel Alpay Thomas Applencourt Gordon Brown Ronan Keryell Gregory Lueck Heidelberg University Germany Argonne National Laboratory United States Codeplay United Kingdom AMD United States Intel United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396585

SYCL is a programming standard targeting hardware platforms with a host connected to various heterogeneous accelerators. Both the host and accelerator parts of the computation are expressed in a single-source modern C++ program. While the previous versions of the SYCL standard were based only on top of the OpenCL standard to control the accelerators, starting with SYCL 2020, the standard is independent from OpenCL and can target different API, described with the concept of backend. Some SYCL implementations can thus target today various lower-level API, like OpenCL, CUDA, Level0, HIP, XRT, Vulkan, etc. with possibly different backends used at the same time in the same application. Even if the SYCL standard thrive to abstract the generic principles used in heterogeneous programming with C++ classes and functions, real applications require often to use specific details of a given architecture to benefit fully from an accelerator or need to be into integrated into a wider framework, including parts implemented in other languages and other API for heterogeneous computing. This is possible in SYCL with a less-know but powerful concept of interoperability, which is introduced at different levels. On one hand, by accessing some native backend objects from SYCL objects, it is possible to use in a SYCL program the native API, for example by calling some existing optimized libraries like mathematical libraries, machine learning, video CODEC, etc. to simplify the application development and reach the maximum performance. In that case it is for example possible to get from a sycl::queue a native queue from the backend to be used to enqueue a library function. On the other hand, it is possible to use a part of the application written in SYCL from another part of the application using another API by using SYCL interoperability functions to constructs SYCL objects like sycl::device or sycl::queue from native equivalent objects from the lower-level API backend used in the main part

关键词： interoperability programming model heterogeneous computing SYCL

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Distributed nested streamed models of tsunami waves

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020年第2期23卷 124-135页

作者： Hayashi, Kensaku Vazhenin, Alexander Marchuk, Andrey Univ Aizu Dept Informat Syst Aizu Wakamatsu Fukushima Japan ICMMG SB RAS Tsunami Lab Novosibirsk Russia

This research focuses on designing a high-speed scheme for tsunami modelling using nested computing. Computations are carried out on a sequence of grids composed of geographical areas with resolutions where each is embedded within another. This decreases the total number of calculations by excluding unimportant coastal areas from the process. The paper describes the distributed streaming computational scheme allowing for flexible reconfiguration of heterogeneous computing resources with a variable set of modelling zones. Computations are implemented by distributing these areas over modelling components and by synchronising the transitions of boundary data between them. Results of numerical modelling experiments are also presented.

关键词： tsunami modelling nested grids distributed systems coarse-grained parallelisation streaming computing communicating processes process synchronisation task parallelism programming model component-based software engineering

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High-Proportion New Energy Microgrid Planning and Design Method Based on Benders Decomposition

High-Proportion New Energy Microgrid Planning and Design Met...

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5th International Conference on Power and Energy Engineering (ICPEE)

作者： Ge Sangjinmei Ma Wen Li Xi Du Ninggang Ma Shoulong State Grid Tibet Elect Power Co Ltd Lhasa Tibet Peoples R China China Tibet Inst Econ Res Lhasa Tibet Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420464

Microgrid is an effective carrier to realize the access of distributed power, which is beneficial to the development and utilization of new energy. At the same time, access to controllable distributed power supply and reasonable allocation of stored energy capacity in microgrid can improve the consumption level of new energy power supply, ensure load demand, maintain system stability, improve the economy of system operation, and have great potential to realize smart grid in the future. In this paper, the controllable distributed power supply and energy storage system of microgrid are optimized. In order to solve the uncertainty caused by wind and photovoltaic connected to microgrid, stochastic programming method was used to establish an optimization model, and representative random scenarios were selected for calculation. Benders decomposition method is used to solve the planning capacity scheme and investment cost, which provides a decision planning for the economic operation of the microgrid system.

关键词： new energy stochastic programming benders decomposition optimized configuration programming model

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A probabilistic linguistic evaluation-based multi-stage medical scheme selection process related to referral system

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2021年 170卷 114523-114523页

作者： Li, Bo Xu, Zeshui Zhang, Yixin Sichuan Univ Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct Chengdu 610207 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Business State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn Chengdu 610064 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Manchester Dept Comp Sci Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

This paper provides a multi-stage medical scheme selection process to obtain the suitable scheme in the referral system. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of the experts and physicians, the preference relations (PRs) under the probabilistic linguistic term environment are introduced to the system. Then, this paper checks the consistency of the PRs and selects out the inconsistent PRs. For the inconsistent one, this paper provides alternative evaluations by repairing the most inconsistent element. Then, let experts choose from the alternative evaluation set. Next, by introducing the Bonferroni mean (BM) operator and Choquet integral, this paper integrates the historical data and the evaluations with stage weights to obtain the comprehensive assessment. The weights are calculated by the provided discrete and continuous stage weight functions or the programming model. Finally, the medical scheme selection process for the lung cancer and its simulation experiment are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness and application of provided methods. The simulation experiments on sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis with existing methods are also conducted to validate the provided method.

关键词： Probabilistic linguistic term set Preference relation Operators Multiple stage weights programming model

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ReTiF: A declarative real-time scheduling framework for POSIX systems

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 2021年 118卷 102210-102210页

作者： Serra, Gabriele Ara, Gabriele Fara, Pietro Cucinotta, Tommaso Scuola Super Sant Anna Via Moruzzi 1 I-56124 Pisa Italy

This paper proposes a novel framework providing a declarative interface to access real-time process scheduling services available in an operating system kernel. The main idea is to let applications declare their temporal requirements or characteristics without knowing exactly which underlying scheduling algorithms are offered by the system. The proposed framework can adequately handle such a set of heterogeneous requirements configuring the platform and partitioning the requests among the available multitude of cores, so to exploit the various scheduling disciplines that are available in the kernel, matching application requirements in the best possible way. The framework is realized with a modular architecture in which different plugins handle independently certain real-time scheduling features. The architecture is designed to make its behavior customization easier and enhance the support for other operating systems by introducing and configuring additional plugins.

关键词： Real-time systems Scheduling programming model Linux

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Towards A Portable Hierarchical View of Distributed Shared Memory Systems: Challenges and Solutions 11

Towards A Portable Hierarchical View of Distributed Shared M...

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11th International Workshop on programming models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores (PMAM)

作者： Ghane, Millad Chandrasekaran, Sunita Cheung, Margaret S. Univ Houston Dept Comp Sci Houston TX 77004 USA Univ Delaware Dept Comp & Informat Sci Newark DE 19716 USA Univ Houston Phys Dept Houston TX 77004 USA Rice Univ Ctr Theoret Biol Phys Houston TX 77251 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450375221

An ever-growing diversity in the architecture of modern supercomputers has led to challenges in developing scientific software. Utilizing heterogeneous and disruptive architectures (e.g., off-chip and, in the near future, on-chip accelerators) has increased the software complexity and worsened its maintainability. To that end, we need a productive software ecosystem that improves the usability and portability of applications for such systems while allowing every parallelism opportunity to be exploited. In this paper, we outline several challenges that we encountered in the implementation of Gecko, a hierarchical model for distributed shared memory architectures, using a directive-based programming model, and discuss our solutions. Such challenges include: 1) inferred kernel execution with respect to the data placement, 2) workload distribution, 3) hierarchy maintenance, and 4) memory management. We performed the experimental evaluation of our implementation by using the Stream and Rodinia benchmarks. These benchmarks represent several major scientific software applications commonly used by the domain scientists. Our results reveal how the Stream benchmark reaches a sustainable bandwidth of 80 GB/s and 1.8 TB/s for single Intel Xeon Processor and four NVIDIA V100 GPUs, respectively. Additionally, the srad_v2 in the Rodinia benchmark reaches the 88% speedup efficiency while using four GPUs.

关键词： Hierarchy Heterogeneous Portable Shared Memory programming model Abstraction

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A Case Study on the HACCmk Routine in SYCL on Integrated Graphics 34

A Case Study on the HACCmk Routine in SYCL on Integrated Gra...

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34th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)

作者： Jin, Zheming Morozov, Vitali Finkel, Hal Argonne Natl Lab Leadership Comp Facil 9700 S Cass Ave Lemont IL 60439 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174457

As opposed to the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) programming model in which host and device codes are generally written in different languages, the SYCL programming model can combine host and device codes for an application in a type-safe way to improve development productivity. In this paper, we chose the HACCmk routine, a representative compute-bound kernel, as a case study on the performance of the SYCL programming model targeting a heterogeneous computing device. More specifically, we introduced the SYCL programming model, presented the OpenCL and SYCL implementations of the routine, and compared the performance of the two implementations using the offline and online compilation on Intel (R) Iris (TM) Pro integrated GPUs. We found that the overhead of online compilation may become significant compared to the execution time of a kernel. Compared to the performance of OpenCL implementations, the SYCL implementation can maintain the performance using the offline compilation. The number of execution units in a GPU are critical to improving the raw performance of a compute-bound kernel.

关键词： programming model Compilation modes Compute-bound kernel GPU

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Edge-Stream: a Stream Processing Approach for Distributed Applications on a Hierarchical Edge-computing System 5

Edge-Stream: a Stream Processing Approach for Distributed Ap...

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5th IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC)

作者： Wang, Xiaoyang Zhou, Zhe Han, Ping Meng, Tong Sun, Guangyu Zhai, Jidong Peking Univ Beijing Peoples R China Adv Inst Informat Technol Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728159430

With the rapid growth of IoT devices, the traditional cloud computing scheme is inefficient for many IoT based applications, mainly due to network data flood, long latency, and privacy issues. To this end, the edge computing scheme is proposed to mitigate these problems. However, in an edge computing system, the application development becomes more complicated as it involves increasing levels of edge nodes. Although some efforts have been introduced, existing edge computing frameworks still have some limitations in various application scenarios. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new programming model called Edge-Stream. It is a simple and programmer-friendly model, which can cover typical scenarios in edge-computing. Besides, we address several new issues, such as data sharing and area awareness, in this model. We also implement a prototype of edge-computing framework based on the Edge-Stream model. A comprehensive evaluation is provided based on the prototype. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.

关键词： edge computing programming model

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High-Throughput Stream Processing with Actors 10

High-Throughput Stream Processing with Actors

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10th International Workshop on programming Based on Actors, Agents, and Decentralized Control (AGERE)

作者： Rinaldi, Luca Torquati, Massimo Mencagli, Gabriele Danelutto, Marco Univ Pisa Comp Sci Dept Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381857

The steady growth of data volume produced as continuous streams makes paramount the development of software capable of providing timely results to the users. The Actor model (AM) offers a high-level of abstraction suited for developing scalable message-passing applications. It allows the application developer to focus on the application logic moving the burden of implementing fast and reliable inter-Actors message-exchange to the implementation framework. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the model in high data rate streaming applications targeting scale-up servers. Our approach leverages Parallel Pattern (PP) abstractions to model streaming computations and introduces optimizations that otherwise could be challenging to implement without violating the Actor model's semantics. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the new implementation skeletons we propose for our PPs can bring significant performance boosts (more than 2x) in high data rate streaming applications implemented in CAF.

关键词： Actor model Parallel Patterns Data Stream Processing programming model Multi-Cores

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An Architecture for Declarative Real-Time Scheduling on Linux 23

An Architecture for Declarative Real-Time Scheduling on Linu...

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IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)

作者： Serra, Gabriele Ara, Gabriele Fara, Pietro Cucinotta, Tommaso Scuola Super Sant Anna Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169583

This paper proposes a novel framework and programming model for real-time applications supporting a declarative access to real-time CPU scheduling features that are available on an operating system. The core idea is to let applications declare their temporal characteristics and/or requirements on the CPU allocation, where, for example, some of them may require real-time POSIX priorities, whilst others might need resource reservations through SCHED_DEADLINE. The framework can properly handle such a set of heterogeneous requirements configuring an underlying multi-core platform so to exploit the various scheduling disciplines that are available in the kernel, matching applications requirements. The framework is realized as a modular architecture in which different plugins handle independently certain real-time scheduling features within the underlying kernel, easing the customization of its behavior to support other schedulers or operating systems by adding further plugins.

关键词： Real-Time Systems Scheduling programming model Linux

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