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INTERREGIONAL ANALYSIS OF ENERGY FLOWS

PAPERS OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 1983年第1期53卷 83-104页

作者： BEUTEL, J Ifo-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung 8000 München 86 West Germany

The analysis of energy problems is limited by the lack of adequate statistics and instruments for energy analysis. The Commmission of the European Communities, therefore, asked the Federal Statistical Office of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Ifo-Institute for Economic Research in Munich to establish input-output tables of energy flows. Relevant studies were simultaneously conducted in six other EEC countries (France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Denmark). This paper analyses the regional structure of energy flows in Europe. Empirical results are presented for the physical energy content (terajoule) and the energy costs (mill. DM) of commodities in France, Italy, Denmark, and the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, it shows how mixed input-output systems in physical and value units can be analysed with the general input-output model. Mathematically, input-output analysis can be regarded as a special statement of a linear programming model; here, the customary quantity and price models of input-output analysis are transferred into a linear optimization model (general inputo-output model) with a substantial gain of information for users. The objective is to analyse regional differences in energy production and energy use within the European Communities.

关键词： programming model European Community Federal Republic Federal Statistical Energy Flow

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Deserv: Decentralized Serverless Computing

Deserv: Decentralized Serverless Computing

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS) / IEEE World Congress on Services (IEEE SERVICES)

作者： Christie, Samuel H., V Chopra, Amit K. Singh, Munindar P. Univ Lancaster Sch Comp & Commun Lancaster England North Carolina State Univ Dept Comp Sci Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416818

A decentralized application involves multiple autonomous principals, e.g., humans and organizations. Autonomy motivates (i) specifying a decentralized application via a protocol that captures the interactions between the principals, and (ii) a programming model that enables each principal to independently (from other principals) construct its own protocol-compliant agent. An agent encodes its principal's decision making and represents it in the application. We contribute Deserv, the first protocol-based programming model for decentralized applications that is suited to the cloud. Specifically, Desery demonstrates how to leverage function-as-a-service (FaaS), a popular serverless programming model, to implement agents. A notable feature of Desery is the use declarative protocols to specify interactions. Declarative protocols support implementing stateful agents in a manner that naturally exploits the concurrency and autoscaling benefits offered by serverless computing.

关键词： multiagent systems protocols programming model

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Interaction-Oriented programming: An Application Semantics Approach for Engineering Decentralized Applications 21

Interaction-Oriented Programming: An Application Semantics A...

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40th ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC)

作者： Chopra, Amit K. Christie, Samuel H., V Singh, Munindar P. Univ Lancaster Lancaster England North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450385480

Interaction-Oriented programming (IOP) refers to multiagent concepts, languages, and programming models for engineering applications that are characterized by interactions between autonomous parties. Such applications arise in domains such as e-commerce, health care, and finance. Owing to the autonomy of the principals involved, such applications are conceptually decentralized. We demonstrate how to specify a decentralized application flexibly and how to engineer correct, fault-tolerant endpoints (agents) for the principals in a straightforward manner. Notably, the entire application is realized as agents communicating over an unordered, unreliable messaging infrastructure (our implementations in fact use UDP). IOP departs from traditional distributed systems approaches that rely on guarantees in the application's communication infrastructure, e.g., for ordering and fault tolerance. Notably, IOP shows how to address application semantics, the holy grail of distributed systems.

关键词： Commitments information protocol programming model

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Enabling GPU Support for the COMPSs-Mobile Framework 4th

Enabling GPU Support for the COMPSs-Mobile Framework

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4th International Workshop on Accelerator programming Using Directives (WACCPD)

作者： Lordan, Francesc Badia, Rosa M. Hwu, Wen-Mei Barcelona Supercomp Ctr BSC CNS Dept Comp Sci Barcelona Spain UPC Dept Comp Architecture Barcelona Spain CSIC Artificial Intelligence Res Inst Barcelona Spain UIUC Coordinated Sci Lab Urbana IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319748962;9783319748955

Using the GPUs embedded in mobile devices allows for increasing the performance of the applications running on them while reducing the energy consumption of their execution. This article presents a task-based solution for adaptative, collaborative heterogeneous computing on mobile cloud environments. To implement our proposal, we extend the COMPSs-Mobile framework - an implementation of the COMPSs programming model for building mobile applications that offload part of the computation to the Cloud - to support offloading computation to GPUs through OpenCL. To evaluate our solution, we subject the prototype to three benchmark applications representing different application patterns.

关键词： programming model Heterogeneous computing Collaborative computing GPGPU OpenCL Mobile cloud computing Android

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EXECUTION FLOW CONTROL: SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF PARALLEL APPLICATIONS

EXECUTION FLOW CONTROL: SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF PARALLEL APPLIC...

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS20111)

作者： Jin, Jing Li, Xin Chen, Shanzhi Wang, Yan Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Lab Switching & Networking Technol Beijing Peoples R China China Acad Telecommun Technol Beijing Peoples R China Henan Elect Power Co Xinyang Power Supply Co Xinyang Henan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612842011

Google's MapReduce enables program automatic parallelization by partitioning input data and replicating functions, but it does not directly support complex parallel modes like pipeline. However, many parallel modes are helpful to optimize solution of parallel computing problem. In this paper, we propose EFC (Execution. Flow Control), a novel programming model and related implementation. It supports an execution-flow control interface which makes the model more compatible with different parallel modes. It allows user to modify execution flow as needed. The new model enables simple compact design of most parallel modes.

关键词： programming model cloud computing execution-flow control parallel process

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Mapping applications of cellular automata into applications of cellular automata networks

Mapping applications of cellular automata into applications ...

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Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2001)

作者： Calidonna, CR Di Gregorio, S Furnari, MM CNR Ist Cibernet Eduardo Caianiello I-80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy Univ Calabria Dipartimento Matemat I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende CS Italy

Cellular automata proved to be a promising model to simulate several complex systems: the requirement is that space and time, taken into account, have to be discretizable, while the system to be simulated has to satisfy locality and uniformity in the evolutionary space. Often, in dealing with the simulation of real complex systems some properties of locality are lost and consequently standard CA model application is very difficult. For this reason it is useful to extend the classical CA model and introduce feasible mechanisms in order to take advantage of the parallelism source of this computational model. With this aim the Cellular Automata Network (CAN) model was conceived that includes the advantages of classical CA models and introduces a new source of parallelism, i.e. the network of cellular automata. In this paper we deal with a sort of heuristics in order to map CA applications into CANs. This mapping can also be extremely useful as a proposal of a methodology to drive the modeling and simulation activity of complex phenomena that can be easily fragmented according to local interaction and components. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： cellular automata programming model complex system simulation data and task parallelism

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TFluxSCC: Exploiting Performance on Future Many-core Systems through Data-Flow 23

TFluxSCC: Exploiting Performance on Future Many-core Systems...

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23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP)

作者： Diavastos, Andreas Stylianou, Giannos Trancoso, Pedro Univ Cyprus Dept Comp Sci Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9781479984909

The current trend in processor design is to increase the number of cores as to achieve a desired performance. While having a large number of cores on a chip seems to be feasible in terms of the hardware, the development of the software that is able to exploit that parallelism is one of the biggest challenges. In this paper we propose a Data-Flow based system that can be used to exploit the parallelism in large-scale many-core processors in an effective and efficient way. Our proposed system - TFluxSCC - is an extension of the TFlux Data-Driven Multithreading (DDM), which evolved to exploit the parallelism of the 48-core Intel Single-chip Cloud Computing (SCC) processor. With TFluxSCC we achieve scalable performance using a global address space without the need of cache-coherency support. Our scalability study shows that application's performance can scale, with speedup results reaching up to 48x for 48 cores. The findings of this work provide insight towards what a Data-Flow implementation requires and what not from a many-core architecture in order to scale the performance.

关键词： dataflow many-cores programming model Data-Driven Multithreading

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The Best of Both Worlds: Big Data programming with Both Productivity and Performance 17

The Best of Both Worlds: Big Data Programming with Both Prod...

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ACM International Conference on Management of Data

作者： Yang, Fan Huang, Yuzhen Zhao, Yunjian Li, Jinfeng Jiang, Guanxian Cheng, James Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450341974

Coarse-grained operators such as map and reduce have been widely used for large-scale data processing. While they are easy to master, over-simplified APIs sometimes hinder programmers from fine-grained control on how computation is performed and hence designing more efficient algorithms. On the other hand, resorting to domain-specific languages (DSLs) is also not a practical solution, since programmers may need to learn how to use many systems that can be very different from each other, and the use of low-level tools may even result in bug-prone programming. In [7], we proposed Husky which provides a highly expressive API to solve the above dilemma It allows developers to program in a variety of patterns, such as MapReduce, GAS, vertex-centric programs, and even asynchronous machine learning. While the Husky C++ engine provides great performance, in this demo proposal we introduce PyHusky and ScHusky, which allow users (e.g., data scientists) without system knowledge and low-level programming skills to leverage the performance of Husky and build high-level applications with ease using Python and Scala.

关键词： Distributed system Data-parallel processing programming model

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PY-PITS: A Scalable Python Runtime System for the Computation of Partially Idempotent Tasks 28

PY-PITS: A Scalable Python Runtime System for the Computatio...

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28th IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： Borin, Edson Benedicto, Caian Rodrigues, Ian L. Pisani, Flavia Tygel, Martin Breternitz, Mauricio, Jr. Univ Campinas UNICAMP IC Campinas SP Brazil Univ Campinas UNICAMP Ctr Petr Studies CEPETRO Campinas SP Brazil Univ Campinas UNICAMP Inst Math Stat & Sci Comp IMECC Campinas SP Brazil AMD Res Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509048441

The popularization of multi-core architectures and cloud services has allowed users access to high performance computing infrastructures. However, programming for these systems might be cumbersome due to challenges involving system failures, load balancing, and task scheduling. Aiming at solving these problems, we previously introduced SPITS, a programming model and reference architecture for executing bag-of-task applications. In this work, we discuss how this programming model allowed us to design and implement PY-PITS, a simple and effective open source runtime system that is scalable, tolerates faults and allows dynamic provisioning of resources during computation of tasks. We also discuss how PY-PITS can be used to improve utilization of multi-user computational clusters equipped with queues to submit jobs and propose a performance model to aid users to understand when the performance of PY-PITS scales with the number of Workers.

关键词： bag of tasks distributed computing runtime Partially Idempotent Tasks programming model

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Remote Procedure Calls for Improved Data Locality with the Epiphany Architecture 18th

Remote Procedure Calls for Improved Data Locality with the E...

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18th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS)

作者： Ross, James A. Richie, David A. US Army Res Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA Brown Deer Technol Forest Hill MD 21050 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319937137;9783319937120

This paper describes the software implementation of an emerging parallel programming model for partitioned global address space (PGAS) architectures. Applications with irregular memory access to distributed memory do not perform well on conventional symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) architectures with hierarchical caches. Such applications tend to scale with the number of memory interfaces and corresponding memory access latency. Using a remote procedure call (RPC) technique, these applications may see reduced latency and higher throughput compared to remote memory access or explicit message passing. The software implementation of a remote procedure call method detailed in the paper is designed for the low-power Adapteva Epiphany architecture.

关键词： Remote procedure call (RPC) Network-on-chip (NoC) Distributed computing Partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming model

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