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Planning the future of Botswana's coal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ENERGY ISSUES 2006年第1-2期25卷 60-82页

作者： Fichani, Khaulani Labys, Walter West Virginia Univ Nat Res Econ Program Morgantown WV 26506 USA

Botswana has vast proven deposits of steam coal, which, for a long time, the government has wanted to develop but without much success. The main objectives of this study are to forecast possible coal exports from Botswana and the land routes for these exports to determine the competitiveness of Botswana's coal in world steam coal trade to make recommendations on the appropriate policy for the exploitation of this coal. To accomplish these objectives, we construct a model of the global steam coal trade and apply this model to forecast the likely optimal size of mine, timing of capacity, and choice of export port for the years 2005 and 2010 from a 2000 base forecast year. The results of our regional analysis suggest that Botswana's coal exports are competitive in Asia and Western Europe. These results are shown to be least sensitive to changes in rail transportation costs and marginal supply costs but more sensitive to changes in capital costs for mine development.

关键词： long run marginal cost function econometric models programming models international steam coal trade model Botswana's energy policy

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A Reference Scenario for IMS Strategic Design

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CIRP Annals 1999年第1期48卷 381-384页

作者： G. Perronet S. Noto La Diega DIFA–University of Basilicata Potenza Italy DTPM–University of Palermo Italy

Today is fully acknowledged that manufacturing is a formidable competitive weapon. The strength of such a weapon is essentially defined during the first step of the design phase called strategic design. During this phase, in fact, the principal characteristics of the manufacturing systems are to be defined taking into account the competitive environment and the competition strategy. Classical analytical models for IMS design often neglect this aspect and, perhaps, this is one of the causes of IMS failure. The paper proposes a set of analytical models for strategic IMS design; they have been classified into four classes, each one pursuing a determined set of objectives, providing, in this way, a general reference framework for IMS designers.

关键词： IMS design programming models genetic algorithms

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TOWARDS COMPUTING AS A UTILITY VIA ADAPTIVE MIDDLEWARE: AN EXPERIMENT IN CROSS-PARADIGM EXECUTION

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PARALLEL PROCESSING LETTERS 2013年第2期23卷

作者： Slawinski, Jaroslaw Sunderam, Vaidy Emory Univ Math & Comp Sci 400 Dowman DrW401 Atlanta GA 30322 USA

Rapid advances in cloud computing have made the vision of utility computing a near reality, but only in certain domains. For science and engineering parallel or distributed applications, on-demand access to resources within grids and clouds is hampered by two major factors: communication performance and paradigm mismatch issues. We propose a framework for addressing the latter aspect via software adaptations that attempt to reconcile model and interface differences between application needs and resource platforms. Such matching can greatly enhance flexibility in choice of execution platforms a key characteristic of utility computing even though they may not be a natural fit or may incur some performance loss. Our design philosophy, middleware components, and experiences from a cross-paradigm experiment are described.

关键词： Cloud computing computing as a utility middleware programming models paradigm interoperability

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The landscape of European policies in the power sector: first-mover advantages

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MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE 2023年第8期28卷 54-54页

作者： Govorukha, Kristina Mayer, Philip Ruebbelke, Dirk Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg Schlossplatz 1 D-09599 Freiberg Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum Ctr Environm Management Resources & Energy D-44801 Bochum Germany

In order to achieve the commonly agreed emission reduction target, the European Commission called upon the member states to submit National Energy and Climate Plans to ensure increased transparency for the respective national targets and strategies. An analysis of these plans shows that some member states have declared ambitious emission reductions targets, as well as technology-specific phaseout policies in the power sector. A transformation to a climate-friendly system requires considerable investment, the question arises if there are benefits to be in the vanguard. We find that countries may have an incentive to outperform in the development of a low-carbon electricity system.

关键词： Electricity Utilities Thermal generation Unilateral action Climate policy C6 Mathematical methods programming models Mathematical and simulation modeling Q4 Electricity Energy Energy Utilities Gas Hydrocarbons

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From the Editor in Chief: Middleware's Shrinking Middle

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IEEE Internet Computing 2006年第5期10卷 4-5页

作者： B. Filman State University of New York Oswego

The rise of SOA and PGAS doesn't quite spell the end of Corba, RMI, and other classic distributed-object systems, but it does increasingly restrict their ranges of use. These technologies surely still play major roles in enterprise-integration systems and heterogeneous intranet applications and niches such as real-time Corba, as well as the countless existing deployments that remain with us for years. They might even reemerge as the approach of choice in future grid computing frameworks that must sometimes straddle administrative domains. But the idea that one approach to object-oriented middleware could serve all needs seems to be one whose time has come and gone

关键词： AJAX Internal Communication External Communication programming models Service Oriented Architectures Partitioned Global Address Space

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AN ABSTRACT programming-MODEL

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 1981年第9期24卷 594-596页

作者： ROTHE, CE UNIV COLORADO BOULDERCO 80303

Examines the development of abstract programming model of a processor. Descriptions of algorithms for the model; Identification of elements in collection; Dependence of execution on dynamic context.

关键词： abstract programming programming languages programming models

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Combining hard and soft constraints in quantum constraint-satisfaction systems 22

Combining hard and soft constraints in quantum constraint-sa...

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Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis

作者： Ellis Wilson Frank Mueller Scott Pakin North Carolina State University Los Alamos National Laboratory

This work presents a generalization of NchooseK, a constraint satisfaction system designed to target both quantum circuit devices and quantum annealing devices. Previously, NchooseK supported only hard constraints, which made it suitable for expressing problems in NP (e.g., 3-SAT) but not NP-hard problems (e.g., minimum vertex cover). In this paper we show how support for soft constraints can be added to the model and implementation, broadening the classes of problems that can be expressed elegantly in NchooseK without sacrificing portability across different quantum *** a set of examples, we argue that this enhanced version of NchooseK enables problems to be expressed in a more concise, less error-prone manner than if these problems were encoded manually for quantum execution. We include an empirical evaluation of performance, scalability, and fidelity on both a large IBM Q system and a large D-Wave system.

关键词： programming models quantum annealing circuit-model quantum computing

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Balancing Programmability and Silicon Efficiency of Heterogeneous Multicore Architectures

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2012年第1期11卷 14-14页

作者： Terechko, Andrei Hoogerbrugge, Jan Alkadi, Ghiath Guntur, Surendra Lahiri, Anirban Duranton, Marc Wust, Clemens Christie, Phillip Nackaerts, Axel Kumar, Aatish NXP Semicond NL-5656 AE Eindhoven Netherlands NXP Semicond Eindhoven Netherlands

Multicore architectures provide scalable performance with a lower hardware design effort than single core processors. Our article presents a design methodology and an embedded multicore architecture, focusing on reducing the software design complexity and boosting the performance density. First, we analyze characteristics of the Task-Level Parallelism in modern multimedia workloads. These characteristics are used to formulate requirements for the programming model. Then we translate the programming model requirements to an architecture specification, including a novel low-complexity implementation of cache coherence and a hardware synchronization unit. Our evaluation demonstrates that the novel coherence mechanism substantially simplifies hardware design, while reducing the performance by less than 18% relative to a complex snooping technique. Compared to a single processor core, the multicores have already proven to be more area-and energy-efficient. However, the multicore architectures in embedded systems still compete with highly efficient function-specific hardware accelerators. In this article we identify five architectural methods to boost performance density of multicores;microarchitectural downscaling, asymmetric multicore architectures, multithreading, generic accelerators, and conjoining. Then, we present a novel methodology to explore multicore design spaces, including the architectural methods improving the performance density. The methodology is based on a complex formula computing performances of heterogeneous multicore systems. Using this design space exploration methodology for HD and QuadHD H. 264 video decoding, we estimate that the required areas of multicores in CMOS 45 nm are 2.5 mm(2) and 8.6 mm(2), respectively. These results suggest that heterogeneous multicores are cost-effective for embedded applications and can provide a good programmability support.

关键词： Design Experimentation Performance Algorithms Languages Parallelism processor architecture multiprocessor heterogeneous accelerators embedded systems multimedia programming models design space exploration

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Discovery of biological networks using an optimized partial correlation coefficient with information theory algorithm on Stampede's Xeon and Xeon Phi processors

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2014年第13期26卷 2178-2190页

作者： Koesterke, Lars Koltes, James E. Weeks, Nathan T. Milfeld, Kent Vaughn, Matthew W. Reecy, James M. Stanzione, Dan Univ Texas Austin Texas Adv Comp Ctr Austin TX 78712 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Anim Sci High Performance Comp Grp Ames IA USA

The partial correlation coefficient with information theory (PCIT) method is an important technique for detecting interactions between networks. The PCIT algorithm has been used in the biological context to infer complex regulatory mechanisms and interactions in genetic networks, in genome wide association studies, and in other similar problems. In this work, the PCIT algorithm is re-implemented with exemplary parallel, vector, input/output (I/O), memory, and instruction optimizations for today's multi-core and many-core architectures. The evolution and performance of the new code targets the processor architectures of the Stampede supercomputer but will also benefit other architectures. The Stampede system consists of an Intel Xeon E5 processor base system with an innovative component consist of Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors. Optimized results and an analysis are presented for both the Xeon and the Xeon Phi. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： accelerated computing programming models information theory algorithms performance design experimentation human factors languages

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Exploiting functional directives to achieve MPI parallelization

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Civil-Comp Proceedings 2017年 111卷 1-19页

作者： Rubio Bonilla, D. Glass, C.W. HLRS University of Stuttgart Germany

In the last years CPU manufactures have not been able to substantially increase the Instructions Per Cycle of CPU cores. Trying to overcome this situation manufacturers have increased the raw performance of HPC systems by simultaneously increasing the amount of processors, by multiplying the number of cores in each processor and integrating specialized accelerators such as GPGPUs, FPGAs and other ASICs with specialized instruction sets. To be able to exploit the new hardware capabilities applications have to be specifically written with parallelism, to deal with the increasing number of cores available and also need to have parts of the source code written in specialized languages to make use of the integrated accelerators. This creates a major paradigm shift from compute centric to communication centric execution to which most programming models are not properly aligned yet: Classical models are geared towards optimizing the computational operations, assuming data access is almost for free. Languages like C, for example, assume that variables are immediately available and are accessed synchronously. The new situation implies that the data is going to be distributed across the system, and communication latency will have a big impact. A bad data distribution will result in a continue exchange while processing units are idling waiting for the data to compute. Most programming models do not convey the necessary dependency information to the compiler that must be careful not to make wrong assumptions. There are successful attempts, such as OpenMP, to exploit parallelism by introducing structural information of the application. Research projects, such as POLCA, have develop means to introduce functionallike semantics, in the form of directives, to procedural code that describe the structural behavior of the application with the aim to allow compilers to perform aggressive code transformations that increase performance and allow portability across different architectures.

关键词： C (programming language) Application programming interfaces (API) Codes (symbols) Cosine transforms Data flow analysis Energy utilization Functional programming Memory architecture Message passing Parallel processing systems Program compilers Semantics Computational operations Dependency informations Different architectures Hierarchical structures High performance computing Instructions per cycles Parallelizations programming models

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