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Smart City Middleware: A Survey and a Conceptual Framework

IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 4015-4047页

作者： Goumopoulos, Christos Univ Aegean Dept Informat & Commun Syst Engn Samos 83200 Greece

Smart city middleware serves as a foundational tool in the evolution of urban digitalization, acting as an intermediary software layer that simplifies the development, deployment, and management of applications tailored for smart urban environments. However, the development of effective middleware for smart cities is challenging. The present research embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the smart city middleware landscape, unraveling the intricacies of its development and the challenges faced therein. Rooted in the assessment of 20 distinct middleware solutions, our study highlights the pivotal technologies, features and functionalities that are imperative for a middleware to effectively support a city's digital transformation. The functional and non-functional requirements form the nucleus of our evaluation. We also explore the architectural styles pivotal to middleware development and the programming paradigms shaping smart city application development. Our study highlights challenges in using middleware for smart city applications, such as interoperability, scalability, security amidst big data, context management, reliability, quality of service, energy efficiency, and compliance with technological standards and regulations. Based on the detailed analysis, we propose a conceptual framework for smart city middleware, shaped by the challenges and requirements identified in existing literature and middleware solutions. This framework is designed to reflect the diverse demands and complexities of urban digital transformation, and guide smart city middleware development accordingly. As a result, this research stands as a reference study for software developers, urban planners, and researchers, outlining the current state and future directions in the domain of smart city middleware.

关键词： Smart cities middleware conceptual framework surveys functional and non-functional requirements enabling technologies architectural styles programming paradigms challenges

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The Importance of programming paradigms to Manufacturing Engineering Graduates: A Case study from International Islamic University Malaysia Graduates

The Importance of Programming Paradigms to Manufacturing Eng...

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4th International Conference on Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (ICME 2013)

作者： Fauzi, Muhammad Ashraf Fauri Zuhud, Daeng Ahmad Zuhri Husin, Hafiz Ctr Fdn Studies Int Islam Univ Malaysia Dept Phys Jalan Univ Petaling Jaya 46350 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783037859339

Digital computers that automate manufacturing process are an important aspect for any manufacturing engineers in the modern world. Selection of the programming paradigm (PP), as well as the programming language (PL) that supports it, is crucial to ensure the correct ideas are being used to automate the solution of the problem. In current Malaysian Higher institution practices, various PPs and PLs courses are offered to current undergraduate manufacturing majors. An online survey was deployed to experienced manufacturing engineers from various manufacturing specializations in the industry. Graduates from one of Malaysia's public universities, International Islamic University Malaysia (HUM) have been chosen for this particular study. From the survey, it has been found that almost 80% of the participants agreed that PPs are important for manufacturing graduates. It was found out that 90% of the participants were from intermediate (scale of 3) until poor (scale of 1) to express their ability to explain PPs if asked. Only about 10% are able to explain on PPs (scale of 4 and 5). The study concluded that majority of the manufacturing graduates from HUM agreed that PP is an important subject to be taught in university. However, it was found the majority of the manufacturing graduates lack the knowledge and understanding of PPs and general PLs.

关键词： Automation Manufacturing Engineering Education programming Education programming paradigms

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Advanced Software Technology paradigms and AI Deployment

Advanced Software Technology Paradigms and AI Deployment

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Intelligent Systems Conference

作者： Luntovskyy, Andriy Winkler, Ulrich BA Dresden Univ Coop Educ Saxon Study Acad Hans-Grundig-Str 25 D-01307 Dresden Germany Dr Winkler GmbH Julie-Salinger-Weg 2 D-01099 Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031663284;9783031663291

Up-to-date software technology paradigms consider widely modern market demands, used application types as well as appropriate frameworks and platforms. A state-of-the-art overview of the used paradigms and approaches is provided as well as the challenges for IT experts are formulated. The paper is devoted to the advanced software technology (SWT) paradigms with the support of modern building blocks as well as LLMs (Large Language Model) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) deployment. The contribution addresses the ongoing challenges to modern software and provides quality and experience optimization for the development process. Between the advanced paradigms, DevOps is considered, and the pros and cons of the approach are discussed. As case studies an efficient combination of DevOps and CVS (Concurrent Versioning System) is discussed, titled GitOps, promising rapid AI deployment purposed to automate project stages as well as quality optimization. As an advanced process model, the above-mentioned GitOps approach provides multiple pros for the acceleration of secure and error-free code development, increased reuse of the source fragments, and cost reduction. The further advantages are formulated and proven as follows: (1) Single Source of Truth: easier to identify the causes of errors and to restore the infrastructure at any time;(2) Automation and Recovery: the entire deployment pipeline is automated;(3) Security: because changes to the infrastructure are controlled via pull requests and peer reviews, potential security risks and errors are reduced;(4) Portability: the entire infrastructure is defined as code what allows easy portability between different cloud platforms;(5) Multiple Stages: providing different stages for development and "hot fixes" in emergency.

关键词： AI Large language models Generative language models Process models Software technology programming paradigms DevOps GitOps

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The underlying potential of NLP for microcontroller programming education

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2024年第6期32卷

作者： Rocha, Andre Sousa, Lino Alves, Mario Sousa, Armando ISEP DEE Porto Portugal FEUP Porto Portugal INESC TEC & FEUP Ctr Robot Ind & Intelligent Syst & DEE Porto Portugal

The trend for an increasingly ubiquitous and cyber-physical world has been leveraging the use and importance of microcontrollers (mu C) to unprecedented levels. Therefore, microcontroller programming (mu CP) becomes a paramount skill for electrical and computer engineering students. However, mu CP poses significant challenges for undergraduate students, given the need to master low-level programming languages and several algorithmic strategies that are not usual in "generic" programming. Moreover, mu CP can be time-consuming and complex even when using high-level languages. This article samples the current state of mu CP education in Portugal and unveils the potential support of natural language processing (NLP) tools (such as chatGPT). Our analysis of mu CP curricular units from seven representative Portuguese engineering schools highlights a predominant use of AVR 8-bit mu C and project-based learning. While NLP tools emerge as strong candidates as students' mu C companion, their application and impact on the learning process and outcomes deserve to be understood. This study compares the most prominent NLP tools, analyzing their benefits and drawbacks for mu CP education, building on both hands-on tests and literature reviews. By providing automatic code generation and explanation of concepts, NLP tools can assist students in their learning process, allowing them to focus on software design and real-world tasks that the mu C is designed to handle, rather than on low-level coding. We also analyzed the specific impact of chatGTP in the context of a mu CP course at ISEP, confirming most of our expectations, but with a few curiosities. Overall, this work establishes the foundations for future research on the effective integration of NLP tools in mu CP courses.

关键词： artificial intelligence AVR microcontrollers chatbot chatGPT code generation CodeGeeX engineering education Github Copilot large language model (LLM) learning outcomes microcontroller programming natural language processing (NLP) notion NotionAI OpenAI programming paradigms project-based learning software design

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Teachers' Knowledge in Informatics-Exploring Educational Robotics Resources Through the Lens of Textual Data Analysis 16th

Teachers' Knowledge in Informatics-Exploring Educational Rob...

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16th International Conference on Informatics in Schools - Situation, Evolution, and Perspectives (ISSEP)

作者： Parriaux, Gabriel Reffay, Christophe Drot-Delange, Beatrice Khaneboubi, Mehdi Univ Teacher Educ Lausanne Switzerland Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte Besancon France Univ Clermont Auvergne Clermont Ferrand France CY Cergy Paris Univ Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031448997;9783031449000

In this research, we are interested in the knowledge of primary and secondary teachers to teach informatics. Using pedagogical resources produced by them as a trace of their enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge (ePCK), we perform Textual Data Analysis and Clustering to discover the topics they write about. Focusing on resources in educational robotics, we show that lexicon used by teachers is different depending on the robot they use. Reinert's clustering associates each robot with a separate cluster and a specific vocabulary. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows an opposition between lexicon found in resources using event-driven robots (Thymio and Ozobot) and in resources using sequential robots (Beebot and Bluebot). Event-driven robots tend to be more related with events and behavior notions, as sequential robots tend to be more related with first manipulations of an object and programming notions.

关键词： PCK in informatics enacted PCK educational robotics programming paradigms Reinert's clustering Textual Data Analysis teacher

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Notational programming for Notebook Environments: A Case Study with Quantum Circuits 22

Notational Programming for Notebook Environments: A Case Stu...

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35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Arawjo, Ian DeArmas, Anthony J. Roberts, Michael Basu, Shrutarshi Parikh, Tapan Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA Harvard Univ Cambridge MA USA Cornell Tech New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450393201

We articulate a vision for computer programming that includes pen-based computing, a paradigm we term notational programming. Notational programming blurs contexts: certain typewritten variables can be referenced in handwritten notation and vice-versa. To illustrate this paradigm, we developed an extension, Notate, to computational notebooks which allows users to open drawing canvases within lines of code. As a case study, we explore quantum programming and designed a notation, Qaw, that extends quantum circuit notation with abstraction features, such as variable-sized wire bundles and recursion. Results from a usability study with novices suggest that users find our core interaction of implicit cross-context references intuitive, but suggests further improvements to debugging infrastructure, interface design, and recognition rates. Throughout, we discuss questions raised by the notational paradigm, including a shift from 'recognition' of notations to 'reconfiguration' of practices and values around programming, and from 'sketching' to writing and drawing, or what we call 'notating.'

关键词： programming paradigms pen-based interfaces computational notebooks quantum computing

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What Should the Educational programming Language Be

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AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS 2024年第SUPPL6期58卷 S323-S332页

作者： Gorodnyaya, L. V. Russian Acad Sci Ershov Inst Informat Syst Siberian Branch Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk State Univ Novosibirsk Russia

The article is devoted to the development of solutions in the project of a simulator for teaching programming, intended for initial familiarization with the basic concepts of process interaction and calculation management. In the transition to multiprocessor architectures, the relevance of a special language and information support for the introduction to programming increases is growing. No matter how complex the world of parallelism is, a programmer training system will have to master it and create a methodology for fully familiarizing itself with its nonobvious phenomena. This is a sufficient reason for developing an educational programming language aimed at the initial training of primary and secondary school students, as well as junior students and nonprofessionals, for operating interacting processes and programming parallel computations. The given language has been developed through many years of experience in managing the interaction of toy robots moving on a checkered board. The material of this article material is of interest to programmers, students, and graduate students specializing in the field of systems and theoretical programming and to all those interested in the problems of modern computer science, programming, and information technology, especially the problems of parallel computing, supercomputers and the use of multiprocessor complexes and computer networks in general.

关键词： educational programming functional programming process interaction multiprocessor configurations definition of a programming language programming paradigms program decomposition decomposition criteria semantic systems schemes for teaching system programming laconic definitions

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Snap! 9 - Support for Teachers and programming with Data 2024

Snap! 9 - Support for Teachers and Programming with Data

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Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2

作者： Michael Ball Daniel Garcia Victoria Phelps Yuan Garcia UC Berkeley Berkeley USA Harvey Mudd College Claremont USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704246

This year's Snap! 9 release represents 10 years since Snap! 4.0 was initially released as a web application. Version 9 includes hundreds of new features, focused on providing students and teachers with new cloud tools, continued development of tools for working with data, and ''quality of life'' *** Snap! Cloud has been upgraded to support dedicated student and teacher accounts. Teachers can create accounts on behalf of their students, and manage students in their class. Everyone can also choose to ''follow'' users and see a feed of new projects shared with the ***'s also never been easier to work with data! Snap! 9 adds the ability to treat lists as ''dictionaries'' (lists of lists can now be indexed by arbitrary alphanumeric values). A number of blocks have been made variadic (i.e., supporting a variable number of inputs), saving the user the tedium of dragging over multiple copies of the same block. These include and, or, all comparison operators, and if, which adds more intermediate else if cases when the right arrow is ***, Parsons Puzzles can be created with a single click. The Generate Puzzle command generates a microworld with only the blocks present in the selected sprite (and hides the answer behind a menu choice).In this demo, we'll share ways that you can use new Snap! features in the classroom, and provide attendees with the tools to build engaging experiences for *** materials from this demonstration will be shared at https://***/snap-sigcse24

关键词： block-based programming metaprogramming programming paradigms snap!

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Towards a formal model of computation for RMAS 3

Towards a formal model of computation for RMAS

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3rd International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing (ISM)

作者： Pirani, Massimiliano Bonci, Andrea Longhi, Sauro Marche Polytech Univ DII Dept Informat Engn Via Brecce Bianche 12 I-60131 Ancona Italy

RMAS is a multi-agent system architecture and associated model of computation that has been recently proposed as promising framework for autonomic computation and as viable implementation means for industrial agents. RMAS is proposed as an effective tool in the realization of the full-fledged concept of cyber-physical systems of systems, in agreement with new visions of the digital future and prominent standardization efforts like the IEC 61499. Currently, there is the need to establish a solid formalism for the model of computation of RMAS in order to harness and fully express its possibilities. In particular, this model should bridge the disciplines of control and systems engineering and computer science, whilst concerning artificial intelligence. This work proposes a first operational step in this direction. A formalism of the RMAS model of computation is established for the first time, and a complete definition of hierarchical nested levels of RMAS units is proposed. This work constitutes the ground for industry-ready technological instances of the RMAS architecture. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： multi-agent systems automatic programming programming paradigms active databases distributed architectures

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Community Input and Engagement for CS2023: Foundations of programming Languages 2023

Community Input and Engagement for CS2023: Foundations of Pr...

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Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2

作者： Michael J. Oudshoorn High Point University High Point NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394338

An ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI task force is undertaking a review of the computer science curriculum guidelines. The task force aims to generate an initial draft, known as CS2023, by the end of 2023. It is anticipated that the resulting curriculum guidelines will impact computer science curriculum globally until at least 2034. This review process is undertaken approximately every decade and was last completed in 2013 with the resulting ACM/IEEE CS2013 document CS2013 has served the community well and planned revisions focus on the removal of topics that are no longer relevant, identification of emerging topics, or topics with increased importance or relevance. An integral part of the review process is to solicit input from a wide audience. While reviews can be made on-line, the purpose of this Birds-of-a-Feather (BoF) session is to present the proposed changes to the programming languages knowledge area and to solicit input from the attendees. There are substantial changes being proposed and timely feedback is essential for an informed process. Two of the major changes are the migration to a competency model, similar to that described in CS2020, and the replacement of Tier-1 and Tier-2 hours with a CS-core that all computer science students should know, and a KA-core which students specializing in the knowledge area should know.

关键词： curriculum programming paradigms formal methods language translation programming languages

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