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programming Spiking Neural Networks on Intel's Loihi

COMPUTER 2018年第3期51卷 52-61页

作者： Lin, Chit-Kwan Wild, Andreas Chinya, Gautham N. Cao, Yongqiang Davies, Mike Lavery, Daniel M. Wang, Hong Intel Labs San Francisco CA 94111 USA

Loihi is Intel's novel, manycore neuromorphic processor and is the first of its kind to feature a microcode-programmable learning engine that enables on-chip training of spiking neural networks (SNNs). The authors present the Loihi toolchain, which consists of an intuitive Python-based API for specifying SNNs, a compiler and runtime library for building and executing SNNs on Loihi, and several target platforms (Loihi silicon, FPGA, and functional simulator). To showcase the toolchain, the authors describe how to build, train, and use an SNN to classify handwritten digits from the MNIST database.

关键词： Application Program Interfaces Field Programmable Gate Arrays Handwritten Character Recognition Learning Artificial Intelligence Neural Chips Microcode Programmable Learning Engine On Chip Training Loihi Toolchain Compiler Spiking Neural Networks SNN Manycore Neuromorphic Processor Intuitive Python Based API FPGA Functional Simulator Handwritten Digits MNIST Database Intel Loihi Silicon Synapses Neuromorphic Engineering programming Computational Modeling Mathematical Model Neuromorphic Computing programming paradigms Neural Networks Spiking Neural Networks Neuromorphic Processor

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Computer Science and Philosophy: Did Plato Foresee Object-Oriented programming?

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FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE 2018年第1期23卷 159-172页

作者： Tylman, Wojciech Lodz Univ Technol Dept Microelect & Comp Sci Lodz Poland

This paper contains a discussion of striking similarities between influential philosophical concepts of the past and the approaches currently employed in selected areas of computer science. In particular, works of the Pythagoreans, Plato, Abelard, Ash'arites, Malebranche and Berkeley are presented and contrasted with such computer science ideas as digital computers, object-oriented programming, the modelling of an object's actions and causality in virtual environments, and 3D graphics rendering. The intention of this paper is to provoke the computer science community to go off the beaten path in order to find inspiration for the development of new approaches in software engineering.

关键词： Object-oriented programming programming paradigms Simulation, modelling and visualization Virtual reality

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WOSPP - A Wave Oriented Swarm programming Paradigm

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第2期51卷 379-384页

作者： Thenius, Ronald Varughese, Joshua Cherian Moser, Daniel Schmickl, Thomas Institute for Zoology Karl-Franzens University Graz8010 Austria

In this paper, we present a possible control paradigm for swarms of mobile agents with limited communication capabilities. The control paradigm is based on communication and movement strategies from slime mould, that uses 1-bit communication for various behaviours of the super organism. We have found that by varying minor details of the classical slime mould based communication strategies and movement cues it is possible to generate substantially different behaviours and features that the swarm is able to perform. Swarm size estimation, pinging synchronization, ego positioning etc. are some behaviours which can be generated by varying minor details of the basic slime mould based communication and movement strategies. Additionally, using several different signals within the swarm and combining them, it is possible to generate an open control paradigm, that allows to construct different behaviours, not bases on the design of individual behaviour but by design of different interacting travelling waves on the different signal layers in the swarm. © 2018

关键词： Mobile agents Molds Swarm intelligence 1 bit communication Bio inspiration Communication strategy Individual behaviour Limited communication programming paradigms Spatial computations Travelling waves

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Wise Computing: Toward Endowing System Development with Proactive Wisdom

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COMPUTER 2018年第2期51卷 14-26页

作者： Harel, David Katz, Guy Marelly, Rami Marron, Assaf Weizmann Inst Sci Rehovot Israel Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Weizmann Inst Sci Comp Sci & Appl Math Dept Rehovot Israel

A broad, long-term research project is described that will lead to the computer becoming an equal member of the system-development team, continuously making proactive contributions, akin to those expected from an experienced and knowledgeable customer or user, a conscientious QA engineer, a strict regulatory auditor, an engineering team leader, or the organization's CTO.

关键词： Internet Team Working Wise Computing Proactive Wisdom Long Term Research Project System Development Team Proactive Contributions Knowledgeable Customer Conscientious QA Engineer Strict Regulatory Auditor Engineering Team Leader Endowing System Development Organization CTO Software Engineering Reliability Engineering Project Management Performance Evaluation Maintenance Engineering programming Software Engineering Software Construction programming paradigms programming Environments Construction Tools

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Designing Modular Software: A Case Study in Introductory Statistics

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS 2017年第3期26卷 493-500页

作者： Hare, Eric Kaplan, Andee Iowa State Univ Dept Stat Ames IA 50011 USA

Modular programming is a development paradigm that emphasizes self-contained, flexible, and independent pieces of functionality. This practice allows new features to be seamlessly added when desired, and unwanted features to be removed, thus simplifying the software's user interface. The recent rise of web-based software applications has presented new challenges for designing an extensible, modular software system. In this article, we outline a framework for designing such a system, with a focus on reproducibility of the results. We present as a case study a Shiny-based web application called intRo, that allows the user to perform basic data analyses and statistical routines. Finally, we highlight some challenges we encountered, and how to address them, when combining modular programming concepts with reactive programming as used by Shiny. Supplementary material for this article is available online.

关键词： Interactivity Modularity programming paradigms Reactive programming Reproducibility Statistical software

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Adopt a Language: A Step Towards the Education of a Reflective Technology Practitioner 43

Adopt a Language: A Step Towards the Education of a Reflecti...

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43rd Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI)

作者： Albarracin, Martin Ferrigno, Leandro Wachenchauzer, Rosita UNTREF Dept Engn Caseros Argentina UBA Sch Engn Dept Comp Sci Buenos Aires DF Argentina UNTREF Caseros Argentina UBA Sch Engn Buenos Aires DF Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9781538630570

For the last 15 years, we have taught an elective course on programming language concepts and paradigms whose main objective has been to introduce the future professional to the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of programming languages, with the goal of furnishing the student with critical thinking related to paradigms of programming and programming languages. To achieve this goal, the course's format is based on the notion of "reflection-in-action" proposed by Schon for the education of future reflective professionals. In order to measure the impact of this course on the professional activity of our graduates, we conducted a survey inquiring former students on how the concepts learnt benefited their professional lives. This paper presents a description of the course and the results of that survey, which shows that this approach is a good step towards the development of a reflective technology practitioner.

关键词： programming language concepts programming paradigms kernel approach reflective professionals

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An Empirical Study on Code Comprehension: Data Context Interaction Compared to Classical Object Oriented 25

An Empirical Study on Code Comprehension: Data Context Inter...

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25th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)

作者： Valdecantos, Hector Adrian Tarrit, Katy Mirakhorli, Mehdi Coplien, James O. Univ Nacl Tucuman FACET Dept Ciencias Computac San Miguel De Tucuman Argentina Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA Gertrud & Cope Helsingor Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781538605356

Source code comprehension affects software development -especially its maintenance -where code reading is one of the most time-consuming activities. A programming language, together with the programming paradigm it supports, is a strong factor that profoundly impacts how programmers comprehend code. We conducted a human-subject controlled experiment to evaluate comprehension of code written using the Data Context Interaction (DCI) paradigm relative to code written with commonly used Object-Oriented (OO) programming. We used a new research-level language called Trygve which implements DCI concepts, and Java, a pervasive OO language in the industry. DCI revisits lost roots of the OO paradigm to address problems that are inherent to Java and most other contemporary OO languages. We observed correctness, time consumption, and locality of reference during reading comprehension tasks. We present a method which relies on the Eigenvector Centrality metric from Social Network Analysis to study the locality of reference in programmers by inspecting their sequencing of reading language element declarations and their permanence time in the code. Results indicate that DCI code in Trygve supports more comprehensible code regarding correctness and improves the locality of reference, reducing context switching during the software discovery process. Regarding reading time consumption, we found no statistically significant differences between both approaches.

关键词： Program comprehension Controlled experiment Human subjects programming languages programming paradigms Data Context Interaction Object-Oriented.

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Application Domain and programming Language Readability Yardsticks 7

Application Domain and Programming Language Readability Yard...

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7th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT)

作者： Akour, Mohammed Falah, Bouchaib Yarmouk Univ Comp Informat Syst Dept Irbid Jordan Al Akhawayn Univ Sch Sci & Engn Ifrane Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781467389136

Software maintainability is one of the most factors that used to ensure software quality. It targets the structure of the software rather than its functionality. Hence, code readability is highlighted whenever maintainability is discussed. There is a huge difference between an organized code and a messy code, or between easy to read code and a difficult to read code. This difference can be very subjective but many efforts have been put together in order to formalize it. Therefore, the result was a set of readability factors that have a direct or indirect impact on software readability. These factors measure to which extent readers can understand the text of the software code. Many metrics were developed to generalize the readability score across a set of pieces of code. Unfortunately, not all proposed metrics take into account the possibility of having variable readability factors. This paper tries to investigate to which extent the readability factors considering different application domains. Since readability is very subjective, it will be interesting to see whether it is useful to have specialized readability models that measure this attribute. This also implies looking into the impact of these readability models on measuring software quality.

关键词： software readability application domain readability models programming paradigms

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Educational Influences of Choice of First programming Language

Educational Influences of Choice of First Programming Langua...

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International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICNAAM)

作者： Ivanovic, Mirjana Budimac, Zoran Paunic, Dura Univ Novi Sad Fac Sci Dept Math & Informat Novi Sad 21000 Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9780735412873

The study for degree of Bachelor in Computer science at our Department lasts four years and besides other subjects, offers several interconnected core courses in programming: Introduction to programming, Data structures and algorithms 1 and 2, Operating systems and Compiler construction. The intention in these courses is to put emphasizes on abstract structures and not to insist on particular realization in specific programming language or to use different languages in different courses. In order to avoid teaching many languages and various environments, it was decided to choose one language that is easy to teach and good for development of correct programming style. Chosen language has to be flexible enough to support teaching the different principles, methods and techniques.

关键词： Teaching programming programming paradigms First programming language

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In search of evidence for model-driven development claims: An experiment on quality, effort, productivity and satisfaction

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2015年第Jun.期62卷 164-186页

作者： Panach, Jose Ignacio Espana, Sergio Dieste, Oscar Pastor, Oscar Juristo, Natalia Univ Valencia Dept Informat Escola Tecn Super Engn E-46100 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Ctr Invest Metodos Prod Software ProS E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Madrid Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Informat Boadilla Del Monte 28660 Spain

Context: Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a paradigm that prescribes building conceptual models that abstractly represent the system and generating code from these models through transformation rules. The literature is rife with claims about the benefits of MDD, but they are hardly supported by evidences. Objective: This experimental investigation aims to verify some of the most cited benefits of MDD. Method: We run an experiment on a small set of classes using student subjects to compare the quality, effort, productivity and satisfaction of traditional development and MDD. The experiment participants built two web applications from scratch, one where the developers implement the code by hand and another using an industrial MDD tool that automatically generates the code from a conceptual model. Results: Outcomes show that there are no significant differences between both methods with regard to effort, productivity and satisfaction, although quality in MDD is more robust to small variations in problem complexity. We discuss possible explanations for these results. Conclusions: For small systems and less programming-experienced subjects, MDD does not always yield better results than a traditional method, even regarding effort and productivity. This contradicts some previous statements about MDD advantages. The benefits of developing a system with MDD appear to depend on certain characteristics of the development context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automatic programming Methodologies programming paradigms Quality analysis and evaluation

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